Topic cover up today

1. What is language ?
2. Characteristics of Human Language.

What is Language ?

The rules of a language, also called grammar, are learned as one

acquires a language. These rules include phonology, the sound
system, morphology, the structure of words, syntax, the
combination of words into sentences, semantics, the ways in
which sounds and meanings are related, and the lexicon, or
mental dictionary of words. When you know a language, you know
words in that language, i.e. sound units that are related to specific
meanings. However, the sounds and meanings of words are
arbitrary.

Definitions of Language
The system of communication in speech and writing that is used from the
people of particular country or area. (Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary)

"We can define language as a system of communication using sounds or

symbols that enables us to express our feelings, thoughts, ideas, and

experiences.
E. Bruce Goldstein

"Language is the mother of thought, not its handmaiden."

Karl Kraus

Characteristics of Human Language

Productivities / creativity / open endedness :

Whatever we speaking or creating along with speaking is productivity
Any one create or discuss a new thing called open endedness.

Cultural transmission :
Human being acquire language from there surrounding , culture
but not from genes while animal acquire language through genes.

Displacement :
We human being can talk about the things like past , future and things which we never
seen , moon , stars , thing that are imaginary only human being have this quality.

Arbitrariness
There is not as direct association between a word and the object that is denote (to
refer).
Languages are arbitrary because there is no necessary or natural relationship between
the words and the concepts they represent. For example, there is nothing in the word
"tree" that connects it to the concept of a tree. Also, languages are arbitrary because
the rules for the combination of signs in order to produce complete thoughts are
different from one language to the other, and no set of rules can claim to be correct.

Duality or double articulation:

Human language has two level. The first level is of sound and phonemes and the second level is
the combination of sounds , into words and sentences . In animal there is only one level that is
sound.

Specialization :
There is no physical involvement in human language or communication. They can speak while
working, while there is special physical involvement in their communication. Animal do this
without physical involvement.

Discreetness
Sounds in human language are distinct separate from one another. Sounds of animal can not be
separated.

Structure Dependence :
Human language is structure dependent . It dependent on grammar.

Pattering:
Means that sounds and word not combined in random way in human

Reciprocalatary / Interchangeability :
There is an exchange ability in language. The speaker may be the audience . The sender may
be the receiver and vice versa

Rapid fade:

Linguistics feature that are produced , disappear quickly, they don't stay in the air.