IT in W A T ER N ew Delhi 28-30, September 2011

Remote Sensing & GI S Applications in W ater

Resources and W eb Enabled Services

D r. J R Sharma
Project D irector, India-W RIS
Group D irector, W RG, N RSC, I SRO - H yderabad
General Manager, RRSC, N RSC, I SRO - Jodhpur

jrsharma@hotmail.com & jrsharma50@gmail.com

WR - Role of RS & GIS

Accurate, adequate and contemporary information on
the state of water resources is must for planning &
water resources management strategy
Increasing public awareness elevates the importance
of water information & enlighten public involvement in
water management / decisions
Satellite Remote Sensing & GPS for temporal, multi scale information generation at country level
Geographic information system (GIS) is an effective
tool for storing, managing, analyzing , displaying and
dissemination of spatial data
2

AIR MOISTURE

W G B
Water
resources
of India
(BCM / Cu KM)

4000

Interception &
Evaporation

Rainfall

2131

Transpiration

Annual river flow :

From
other countries
647 cu Km
To other countries,
>500 MoWR

300

WW

1869

GW
Percolation

Ground Water

Surface
Runoff

BW

UT
1123

Infiltration

Soil Moisture
(Unsaturated Zone)

10812

11,100
cu Km
+

SW 690
GW
433
Seepage

Runoff

Water resources of India at a glance

Average annual rainfall 1160 mm (world 1110 mm)
132 in per capita availability
122 in water quality
Range 150 -11690 mm
Rainy days 5-150, most rain 15 days in 100 hrs
PET 1500-3500 mm
Resource

Quantity

BCM

Precipitation (%)

Annual precipitation (Including snowfall)

4000

100

Evaporation + soil water

2131

53.3

Average annual potential flow in rivers

1869

46.7

Estimated utilizable water resources

1123

28.1

Surface water

690

17.3

Replenishable GW

433

10.8

We Live in Two Worlds

Self - Regulating

Managed

. . . These Are Increasingly In Conflict &

WATER MOST AFFECTED

Major Challenges of Water in India

Increasing Water demand
Reduction or deterioration of available resources
Water use and energy efficiency
Deterioration of water quality
Water logging and soil salinity in irrigated lands
Floods and droughts
Increasing competition /conflict with the environment
Increasing competition/conflict within sectors and within society:
Urban versus agriculture, Upstream versus downstream
Haves versus have nots, National versus international
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fragmentation of management of water / Management of shared resources

Large no. of water infrastructure in the country needs spatial inventory
Currently used water resources potential estimates are old
(CWC: 1988 & 1993 ; NCIWRD:1999)

Significant change in land use / land cover; demographic and utilization

(Sectoral water utilization and its temporal changes)

Address the impact of climate change on water availability and economy

(Impact on resource and use; development and analysis
of scenarios to evaluate water policies)

Large Spatial variations of water availability and demand in space & time

EO & Water Resources Management

IndiaWRIS

Thrust Areas
Basin wise water resources assessment
Groundwater Budgeting
Development of Decision support systems for
WR Management
Flood forecasting and flood inundation modeling
Real time Irrigation management

Irrigation infrastructure
Feasibility Assessment of
River link Projects
National Drinking Water Mission
Reservoir sedimentation

Water logging & soil salinity mapping

Command Area water management

Snow & Glacier lake inventory

Snow melt runoff
Groundwater Potential zones
Irrigation & Drainage maps

Surface water Inventory

1975

Source -NRSC

1980

1985

1990

1995

2005

2007

2009

2010

Project:

W eb GIS
Generation of D atabase & I mplementation of
W eb Enabled W ater Resources I nformation
System I n the Country
Joint Project of CW C and I SRO

Jan. 2009 D ec. 2012

To address challenges in water sector the ultimate

requirement is an information system having four elements:
(1) data input / collection system
(2) data storage, analysis, and transformation into "user-friendly
information
(3) interactive system to geo - visualization & for decision making
(4) information dissemination system in public domain

WR - Inventory & Monitoring

WR - Assessment

WR - Modeling
WR - Climate Change

W eb GI S

Water Security
Management, Planning & WR Development
9

Vision

India-WRIS to provide
Comprehensive, Authoritative & Consistent data
of Indias water resources along with allied
natural resources data & information;
Web enabled tools to Search, Access, Visualize,
Understand, Look into context
and Study spatial patterns.

Goal
Single Window
sol ut i on of al l wat er r esour ces and r el at ed dat a
IN A st andar di zed GIS f or mat i n nat i onal f r amewor k
FOR Wat er r esour ce assessment & moni t or i ng,
Wat er r esour ce pl anni ng and devel opment ,
Int egr at ed wat er r esour ces management &
Foundat i on f or model i ng
T Al l depar t ment s, or gani zat i ons and ot her st akehol der s.
o
10
Although water is a renewable resource, it is only renewable within limits

Role of India-WRIS in National Water Information

Good Water Information
Is the key for right decisions in Water Resources
Management
Data from
varied sources
/formats and
time scale for
all the states
and Union
Territories
of India.

Building National Repository

Water resources data standards
Authoritative and consistent data
Scalable Information System
Quality data and improved water resources information
Range of new value added to water information products
Desired download of raw and processed data
Data extraction (Historic Data analysis)
Dashboard data (current / live)

New
enhanced
Information
Reports
Tools
DSS

New foundation for information generation

End to end water resource information system

Major outcome is increased transparency, quality and

understanding of water resources

Project Phases
Phase 1

Phase 2

Inception
Phase
SC-W 4th meeting
February 15, 2006
A Group of Officers
report
January, 2007
Team of officers report
January 2008
Project scope & contents
Final proposal
submission
August 27, 2008
MOU signed
December 3, 2008

35

Planning
Phase
Organizational Arrangement
Project Secretariat
Review & refinement of
database components
Preparation of technical
guidelines
Project Procurements
Project website

12
Jan. 2009

Phase 3
Action
Implementation
Phase
Project Schedule &
Phasing of work
Approach to work
Group of States
Training, capacity build.
Database generation
& QAS
State workshops

24

Phase 4
Delivery
Phase
Public domain fast track
information system
Establishing and
operation of India-WRIS
National workshop
Documents delivery

36

48
Dec. 2012

12

Deliverables
1. Installation of Web enabled System with A. India-WRIS software
Data visualization tools, Query and discovery tools, Contextual tools,
Visual analysis tools, Metadata & information tools and Reporting tools

B. Spatial and non-spatial data generated in project

and derived information

2. Basin-wise reports
3. Watershed atlas of the country
4. Infrastructure development at CWC
5. Capacity building

Main Information System 12

Sub System 33, Layers - 107
and Attributes - > 4000
I.

BASE DATA INFO SYS

II.

SURFACE WATER INFO SYS

III.

GROUND WATER INFO SYS

IV.

HYDRO MET INFO SYS

V.

WATER QUALITY INFO SYS

VI.

SNOW COVER / GLACIER INFO SYS

VII.

INLAND NAVIGATION WATERWAYS

INFO

VIII.

INTER-BASIN TRANSFER LINKS INFO

SYS

IX.

HYDROLOGICAL EXTREMES INFO SYS

X.

LAND RESOURCES INFO SYS

XI.

WATER TOURISM INFO SYS

XII.

SOCIO ECONOMIC INFO SYS

Data types, Scope

& Information Systems

Real
Time
Database

Dynamic
Time series
datasets
Related
Thematic Database

Foundation Geo-database
Generation Administrative
Foundation Geo-database generation

Water resources

14

India-WRIS Project website: Released on 10 December 2009

Developed using Adobe FLEX to enable the users a feature
rich experience augmented with various
tools for data visualization.

The website details:

Water resources of India (Overview)
India-WRIS Project
Visions & Objectives
Scope & Datasets
Deliverables
Background and Project milestones
Partners
Project management
Spatial data
Downloads
Contact us
Feedback section
News and Events
Image galleries
Visitor number
Sitemap
Frequently Asked Questions
Links

http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in

15

India WRIS Beta Version - Released on 7 December 2010

http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/webgis.php

16

Capacity Building under India-WRIS Project

The Major topics covered were as follows
Fundamentals of Remote Sensing
Overview of GIS and components
Database design, structures and management concepts
Data model and database standards
Maps, scale & accuracy, co-ordinate system, projection and georeferencing
Overview of geodatabase
Creation of database and editing, non-spatial data linkage in GIS
Terrain analysis and watershed delineation
Global positioning system
Functionalities of India-WRIS Web-GIS

Training Document

17

India-WRIS Project Documents

A. Project Planning & Management Document (PPMD)
1. PPMD Part I (General Guidelines for Management Practice)
2. PPMD Part II (Financial Guidelines for Management Practice)
B. Software Design
1. Software Design, System Architecture and Data Security
2. Database Organisation and Geodatabase Standards
3. Metadata Standards
C. Technical Common Guidelines
1. General Technical Guidelines An Overview
2. Theme-wise Database Generation Methodology
D. Quality Assurance Documents
1. Quality Assurance of Database Standards & Guidelines
2. Quality Assurance of Software Standards & Guidelines
18

Software/ Technologies Used

Technology
Components
WebGIS
Front end

Software / Technologies
2D

Adobe Flex, HTML, PHP

3D

ArcExplorer, .NET, ArcGlobe

Mobile

.NET(Windows) / Flex(Android) /
JAVA(Symbian)

Meta Data

Visual Basic

Data Generation
(Digital Image
Processing /
GIS Mapping)

ERDAS Imagine, ENVI, ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcSDE,

AutoCAD 3D, Geomatica, IGIS, Map Window Library,
Geodatabase XML

Publishing / Web
Geodata Services

ArcGIS Server

Geodatabase /
Back end

Oracle 11g, MySQL

19

Software Package New interface and Modules

WRIS Info Discovery
1. Hydrological unit
2. Administrative unit
3. Constituency wise

WRIS Explorer
1. Geo-Visualization - 2 D
2. Sub Info Systems
3. WRIS Temporal Analysis
4. Geo-Visualization - 3 D

WRIS Connect
1. Tools
2. Publications
3. Query Interface 4. WRIS Wiki
5. Hydro Observations & AWS data
6. WRIS Mobile
7. WRIS Data Download
8. Report Generation 9. FAQ

Create Your WRIS

1.Analysis 2.Linked Views
3.WRIS Calculator
4.Report Generation

Input Data Builder

Spatial and Non-spatial
SWDES data

Metadata Builder and

Explorer
WRIS Education

Share Success Stories

Digital Watershed atlas

SL.
No.

Hydrological
Levels

Digits

Values

Basin

02

1 20 *

Sub basin

03

XYZ

Watersheds

02

1 - 99

Sub Watersheds

03

L 1 - 99
M 1 - 99
U 1 - 99

Micro
watersheds

02

1 - 99

01 xyz 99

Mahanadi Basin

L99 99

21

Information Systems of India-WRIS

SL. NO.

I.

Main Information System

BASE DATA INFO SYS

Sub Information System

Administrative
Infrastructure
Terrain

II.

SURFACE WATER INFO SYS

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

III.

Water Resource Region Info Sys

Basin Info Sys
Watershed Info Sys
River Info Sys
Surface Water Body
Water Resources Projects Info Sys
Command Area Info Sys
Minor Irrigation Info Sys
Canal Info Sys

GROUND WATER INFO SYS

10
11
12

IV.
13
14
15

Aquifer / Litholog Info Sys

Ground Water Level Info Sys
Ground Water Potential Info Sys

HYDRO MET INFO SYS

Meteorological Info Sys
Climate Info Sys
Hydro-Observation Info Sys

SL. NO.
V.

Main Information System

WATER QUALITY INFO SYS

16
17

VI.

Surface Water Quality Info Sys

Ground Water Quality Info Sys

SNOW COVER / GLACIER INFO SYS

18

VII.

Snow Cover/Glacier Info Sys

INLAND NAVIGATION WATERWAYS

INFO SYS

19

VIII.

Inland Navigation Waterways Info Sys

INTER-BASIN TRANSFER LINKS INFO

SYS

20

IX.

Inter-basin Transfer Links Info Sys

HYDROLOGICAL EXTREMES INFO SYS

21
22
23

X.

Flood Info Sys

Drought Info Sys
Extreme Events Info Sys

LAND RESOURCES INFO SYS

24
25
26
27

XI.

Land Use / Land Cover Info Sys

Land Degradation Info Sys
Wasteland Info Sys
Soil Info Sys

WATER TOURISM INFO SYS

28

XII.
29
30

Sub Information System

Water Tourism Info Sys

SOCIO ECONOMIC INFO SYS

Rural Info Sys
Urban Info Sys

Water Resources Raw Data Files & Formats from CWC & states

File formats of Soft Copy

Hard copy

Excel

Word

PDF

JPEG/TIF

PPT

Shape files

Others

Total

Total

7477

4629

2726

17011

548

2144

39723

74258

2106

New inventory of
Water Resources assets
Base Documents
used

Soft copy

As per Document nos.

As on Today Nos.

MALOR ASSETS

Attributes

Dam

49

Reservoir

25

Barrages & weirs

59

Irrigation project -M& M

55

Lift irrigation scheme

14
21

NRLD

5100

5185+

Hydro-electric projects

Major And Medium

Irrigation Projects

1800

2700+

Hydro-electric projects
house

Barrages in India

72

450+

Canal

59

Hydroelectric Power
Stations in Operation

182*

1235+

Hydro-meteorological sites

204

Basin

22

River

12th five
Beyond

year plan - India WRIS &

Total

Power

38

531

Information System & User Categories

The website

provides the users about the general information related to the project, vision, objectives,
schedule, progress of work , reduced scale maps of the completed works and gallery of events etc. The
project website will be slowly migrated towards the full web application envisaged in India-WRIS by linking
the appropriate servers.

The information system would have three categories of users and three types of
datasets:
All General users (public domain fast track system) - all users will be able to visit
web portal and get the snapshots of the outcome of the project on reduced scale of
selected database as approved by the committee.

Premium users for India - WRIS -

This category of user will be able to get the

access to the India-WRIS web application with the visualization of selected database
approved by the committee and tools with a password.

CWC Intranet users for India - WRIS - These premier users will be able
to get the full access to the India-WRIS web application with database of all scales. All the
facilities envisaged in India-WRIS as per the user requirements will be accessible by these
users.

MAP POLICY &

HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE CLEARANCE

25

IT in W A T ER N ew Delhi 28-30, September 2011

IEEE - "A ctionable vision to bring water to the world

MODEL FOR 300-400 mm Rain
Smart Rain Water Harvesting and Multiple Uses For
Human Welfare, Environmental Sustainability and Adaption
to Climate Change Impacts in Semi Arid Regions
Developing End user technology for making
Sustainable development a living reality in semi arid areas
- N urturing through convergence of technologies at grass root level

India-WRIS