III.

CLOZE EXERCISES
A
Fill each of the following blanks with only one suitable word:
1. In ..... (I) countries it's ..... (2) to ..... (3) a job of ..... (4) kind. Almost any job is ..... (5)
than none at ..... (6) so one can't afford to be ..... (7) fussy. There are luckier people .....
(8) have jobs but not jobs ..... (9) they have chosen ..... (10). Perhaps they work in a
particular factory ..... (11) that is the ..... (12) place in ..... (13) town ..... (14) there is
work. Others ..... (15) to do what their families push them ..... (16). For ..... (17), they may
go into their father's ..... (18) as their father and grandfather ..... (19) before them, .....
(20) they like it or not; they are not consulted themselves.
2. He suddenly ..... (1) of long ..... (2) Cambridge days and ..... (3) the time ..... (4) he .....
(5) almost decided to try ..... (6) foreign service. Serving ..... (7) government abroad
was ..... (8) he had always dreamed ..... (9): secret ..... (10) and political scheming, with
himself ..... (11) the hero. Funny ..... (12) dreams of that sort stayed with you. One half of
your ..... (13) became a marvellous reasoning machine, ..... (14) the ..... (15) wandered
over ..... (16) frontiers into ..... (17) countries where ..... (18), romance and ..... (19) death
lay waiting ..... (20) the traveller.
3. In the small ..... (1) of Chotagaon in the heart of Southern India,..... (2) a plateau ..... (3)
the Deccan, ..... (4) lives a little girl called Shanta. Shanta's father, ..... (5) name is
Yeshwant Rao, is a farmer ..... (6) most of the other ..... (7) in the village. Shanta has
two ..... (8) brothers and an older brother, ten years old, whose name is Shankar.
Yeshwant Rao and his family live in a little mud ..... (9), ..... (10) is just like all the ..... (11)
ones in the village. It has two ..... (12) only, with a courtyard and a veranda. Its mud .....
(13) are plastered with cowdung mixed ..... (14) mud and water. When this ..... (15) it
makes a hard smooth surface, as good ..... (16) plaster or cement, to ..... (17) out the
rain. The house has no ..... (18), only little peepholes here and ..... (19) for light and air to
come in,..... (20) the rooms are very dark.
4. ..... (1) Churchill and de Gaulle ..... (2) colourful characters in their ..... (3) right. Both
became national ..... (4), both becoming ..... (5) of this role in the same "darkest hour".
Each ..... (6) eventually rejected ..... (7) his own ..... (8) when the personality had outlived
the symbol. Both were masterly writers with a ..... (9) of history and patriotic inspiration.
Both were ..... (10) successful in ..... (11) ancient and unfashionable ..... (12) of rhetoric.
Both enjoyed without question ..... (13) strange title ..... (14) "statesman" and yet they
came ..... (15) it by widely different ..... (16). Churchill was a professional politician
and ..... (17) amateur strategist; de Gaulle a ..... (18) soldier with a dislike bordering .....
(19) contempt for politicians. As statesmen they were not merely
accepted by their countrymen as ..... (20).
5. ..... (1) the coast of Scotland ..... (2) thirty two kilometres ..... (3) the Outer
Hebrides ..... (4) a group of seven small ..... (5) called the Flannan Isles. Only ..... (6) of
the islands is inhabited, Eilean Mhor, where a lighthouse was ..... (7) in 1899. Three
lighthouse keepers ..... (8) there and they are the ..... (9) inhabitants save ..... (10) rabbits
and the thousands of seabirds that make the islands their ..... (11). These islands are .....
(12) by tearing west winds, and Atlantic rollers break in clouds of..... (13) against their
cliffs. For the lighthouse keepers ..... (14) there is often a test of ..... (15). ..... (16) two
months at a time they ..... (17) on the island to keep the warning lamp ..... (18) and then
a relief keeper comes ..... (19) the mainland to take each man's place in ..... (20).
6. Do you ..... (1) when and ..... (2) the next Olympic Games will be ..... (3)? The Olympic
Games ..... (4) place ..... (5) fourth year. Amateur athletes and sportsmen and women .....
(6) more than sixty ..... (7) nations gather at these Games to ..... (8) against each ..... (9)

for the ..... (10) of their country. The Games are named after the town of Olympia in
Greece where they were ..... (11) held long ago before Christ was born; and the Greeks
have a story ..... (12) how the Games began. In those far..... (13) days the tribes of
Greece used to spend much of their time fighting ..... (14) another. This continual
quarrelling ..,.. (15) men of different villages and cities ..... (16) those who loved peace,
among ..... (17) was a man called Iphitos. Now Iphitos was ..... (18) concerned about this
wasteful ..... (19) that he went to the gods and asked them what he could do to keep his
friends and neighbours ..... (20) making war on one another.
7. Drying her ..... (1), she looked towards the window and ..... (2) a strange lady ..... (3) up
the garden. My mother knew ..... (4) the tall, fearless lady must be Miss Betsey: it..... (5)
be nobody else. When she reached the ..... (6), she did not ring the door ..... (7) like
other ..... (8). She came and looked ..... (9) the window. She pressed her ..... (10) against
the glass, and the end of her ..... (11) became flat and ..... (12). My mother, in her fear,
tried to ..... (13) behind her chair. Miss Betsey carried her eyes round the ..... (14) till they
..... (15) her. Her ..... (16) commanded my mother to come and ..... (17) the door. My
mother went. "Mrs David Copperfield, I think", said Miss Betsey. "Yes." said mother in
a ..... (18) voice. "Miss Trotwood," ..... (19) the visitor, "You have heard of her, I ..... (20)
say." 8. Before you ..... (1) shopping for your mother, she makes ..... (2) that you have
enough ..... (3) in your ..... (4). This ..... (5) will be in the ..... (6) of coins or banknotes. It is
difficult for us to realize that there are shops in ..... (7) parts of the ..... (8) where money
as we know ..... (9), coins and notes, would be of ..... (10) use. In the markets and bazaars
of these countries a handful of shells, a few beads, a bar of metal or some dogs' teeth
might..... (11) useful for ..... (12) goods, but..... (13) and pence, dollars and ..... (14) would
buy nothing. For the natives of ..... (15) Indian islands, shells are "money" as are dogs'
teeth to the tribes on some of the South Sea Islands. In many ..... (16) the out of the way
parts of the ..... (17) however, there is ..... (18) such things as money at all, because there
is no ..... (19) for it. In parts of Africa and ..... (20) the native tribes of South America, and
some of the more remote islands of the Pacific, selling is still mainly a matter of barter.
9. "While ..... (1) are men, science cannot protect itself. Tjie desire ..... (2) power is too .....
(3) in the ..... (4) of all men. Even as I ..... (5) to you now, events are ..... (6) you wrong.
The first atomic ..... (7) has been made!" The Professor's first ..... (8) was ..... (9) of
frightened suspicion. ..... (10) he talking to a madman? But, meeting that cold level gaze,
he began to ..... (11) that Groom ..... (12) be speaking the ..... (13). Finally, the Professor
laughed and said:
"You have a ..... (14) strange sense of..... (15). sir." "1 ..... (.16) you'd laugh," said
Groom ..... (17); "but ..... (18) me put a question to you. ..... (19) your opinion, which
laboratory in the world is most ..... (20) to have achieved this development?"
10. Early in the morning ..... (1) of the teachers called me out. I was ..... (2) summoned to
the office of the ..... (3). At first I thought it must be ..... (4) from my friend, but ..... (5) the
way I ..... (6) to have my doubts. She was ..... (7) for me in her office, accompanied .....
(8) the member of the Social Commission ..... (9) thought he ..... (10) known my
parents ..... (11) the war. They greeted me ..... (12) and ..... (13) me to sit down. I..... (14)
that they were both ..... (15) nervous, though they tried to ..... (16) it. I looked ..... (17)
around. We ..... (18) steps in ..... (19) adjoining office. The man from the Commission
went into the other room and talked to ..... (20) in there.
B
1. Some people don't mind ..... (1) fat. In ..... (2) countries a good ..... (3) stomach is
nothing to ..... (4) ashamed ..... (5). There is a West African saying: "Laugh and ..... (6)
fat." Other ..... (7) can ..... (8) slim without ..... (9) effort. But a ..... (10) of people do .....
(11) on ..... (12) much weight and don't like it. The question is, what ..... (13) they do
about it? Some put their faith ..... (14) exercise. But the trouble with exercise is that it .....

(15) works up an appetite. You ..... (16) sweat off a couple of ..... (17) playing tennis
or ..... (18) a mountain but you put it all ..... (19) on with a big ..... (20) of macaroni
cheese or steak and chips or bread and jam.
2. On Sundays on the Continent..... (1) the poorest person puts ..... (2) his ..... (3) suit,
tries to ..... (4) respectable, and at the ..... (5) time the life of the country ..... (6) cheerful:
in England even the ..... (7) lord or motormanufacturer ..... (8) in some peculiar rags, does
..... (9) shave, and the country becomes ..... (10) and dreary. On the ..... (11) there is .....
(12) topic which should be ..... (13) - the weather; in England ..... (14) you do not..... (15)
the phrase "Lovely day, isn't it?" at ..... (16) two hundred times a day, you are considered
a ..... (17) dull. On the Continent people ..... (18) a fork as ..... (19) it were a shovel; in
England they turn it ..... (20) down and push everything including peas on top of it.
3. "This book is not about heroes. English poetry is ..... (1) yet fit to speak
of them. ..... (2) is it about deeds, or lands, nor anything about glory, however.
might, majesty, dominion ..... (3) power, except War. Above ..... (4) I am not
concerned ..... (5) Poetry. My subject is War, and the pity ..... (6) War. The poetry is in the
pity.
Yet these elegies are ..... (7) this generation in no sense consolatory. They
may be to the next. ..... (8) a poet can do todays is warm. That is ..... (9) the true
Poet must be truthful." And that is the preface by Wilfred Owen, ..... (10) a volume of his
poems which was ..... (11) show, to England, and to ..... (12) intolerant world, the
foolishness, unnaturalness, horror, inhumanity, and insupportability ..... (13) war, and to
expose, ..... (14) that all could suffer and see, the heroic lies, the willingness ..... (15) the
old to sacrifice the ..... (16). This volume, ..... (17) Wilfred Owen imagined it in trench and
shellhole and hospital, in the lunatic centre of battle never ..... (18). But many of the .....
(19) that were to have been included in the volume remain, their beauty for ..... (20),
their truth obvious, their warning disregarded.
4. By half past twelve, Professor Barstow was ..... (1) tired. He had already ..... (2) 300 km
that day. With a sigh of ..... (3), about three quaters of an ..... (4) later, he turned his .....
(5) into the courtyard of the Royal Crown Hotel at Launceston. He got ..... (6), stretched,
and with methodical care, locked the ..... (7).
Professor Barstow did everything methodically, ..... (8) he was applying
the laws of physics or ..... (9) his ..... (10) cat. His lean, pale ..... (11), critical
expression and ..... (12) dark grey suit clearly ..... (13) the precision of his
habits. His lectures before the Royal Society were ..... (14) for their ..... (15)
reviews of fact and their cautious admissions of theory. ..... (16) fact, he deeply
distrusted imagination more ..... (17) usual, as it was telling him what he did
not want to believe, ..... (18) he was a sick man who should be ..... (19)
peacefully in the garden of a hotel somewhere, not racing up and down the .....
(20) in his car.
5. Groom ..... (1) slowly to his feet. His ..... (2) bore a thin smile, but his ..... (3) had
narrowed to pinpoints ..... (4) cold anger. His voice ..... (5) to be coming from a great
distance.
"All the ..... (6). Professor, 1 shall not ..... (7) your refusal. For the ..... (8) days I expect to
be ..... (9) the Ritz Hotel in Paris. I'm travelling by air today. If you change your..... (10)"
But the Professor heard ..... (11) more. A terrible tiredness came ..... (12) his brain.
When ..... (13) last he raised his eyes, Groom had ..... (14).
He sank ..... (15) his chair, ..... (16) for his coffee, found ..... (17) cold and, resting his .....
(18) and his hand, gazed out of the window. The sky had ..... (19) cloudy, and light rain
was ..... (20).
83
6. I was ..... (1) on a Friday night, at twelve o'clock. As the clock rang out the ..... (2) hour,
I began to cry.
Some old ladies ..... (3) I would be ..... (4), because of the day and hour of my ..... (5).

I was a fatherless ..... (6). My father's eyes closed upon the ..... (7) of this world six
months before ..... (8) opened. I remember the white stone behind the ..... (9) where his
body lay. It filled me with ..... (10). "Poor father!" I thought. "He is lying out there in
the ..... (11) when our little house is ..... (12) and bright."
My father's aunt (my great-aunt) was the most commanding ..... (13) in our family. Her
name was Miss Trotwood. She lived in a small house ..... (14) the sea, with one servant.
My mother ..... (15) her Miss Betsey, but she was afraid of this fearful person and
never..... (16) her.
Miss Betsey once ..... (17) my father dearly; but she was deeply angered by his ..... (18).
She thought my mother was not..... (19) to him. She never saw my mother, but she .....
(20) that she was not yet twenty.
7. In my early ..... (1), the two people I loved ..... (2) were my mother and Peggotty. I
remember them ..... (3) my mother with her pretty hair and young shape, and Peggotty
with no shape at..... (4).
One evening, when I was ..... (5) six years old, Peggotty and I were sitting ..... (6) the fire,
alone. My mother was ..... (7) the evening with a neighbour. I read a ..... (8) about animals
to Peggotty. I..... (9) tired of reading and became very ..... (10). But I..... (11) to go to bed.
I held my eyes open with my ..... (12) and watched Peggotty sewing. Peggotty looked up
from her sewing and gave me a little ..... (13). "Wake up, Master Davy", she said.
"Read ..... (14) another story." I was just ..... (15) a new story, ..... (16) the bell rang.
We ..... (17) to the door. There was my mother, looking very ..... (18). With her was a .....
(19) with ..... (20) hair. He was Mr. Murdstone.
8. The doctor's small, delicate ..... (1) rested ..... (2) his kness. He leaned ..... (3) a little
and peered ..... (4) his patient's face. His eyes had become ..... (5) to the darkness, and
he could ..... (6) Bill's individual features ..... (7). He ..... (8) on the small, shaded light,
shielding it with his ..... (9). He sighed and rubbed his hands ..... (10) his forehead with a
thoughtful movement.
"Have you ..... (11) some kids at home, too?" asked Bill.
The doctor ..... (12) to the window. He pulled gently on the cord, and the thick ..... (13)
parted and slid back soundlessly. "I have three little ..... (14)", he said.
84
The autumn ..... (15) came strongly ..... (16) the room and lay in a bright wedge across
the floor, ..... (17) Bill's hands, his rough, uplifted face, and the wall ..... (18).
"Well, now that's ..... (19). I've got three ..... (20) boys. Can you beat that?"
9. I remember once, ..... (1)1 was staying at Mrs Willoughby's, Doc Marlowe was roused
out of ..... (2) in the middle of the ..... (3) by a poor woman who was frantic ..... (4) her
little girl was ..... (5). This ..... (6) had had the sciatica driven out of her by his liniment,
she ..... (7) Doc. He placed her then. She had never been ..... (8) to pay him a ..... (9) for
his liniment or his "treatments" and he had ..... (10) her a great many. He got up and .....
(11), and went ..... (12) to her house. The ..... (13) had colic, I suppose. Doc couldn't have
had any ..... (14) what was the matter, but he sopped on liniment; he sopped on a .....
(15) bottle. When he came back ..... (16), two hours later, he said he had "relieved the
distress". The little girl had gone to ..... (17) and was all ..... (18) the next day,..... (19) on
account of Doc Marlowe or in spite of him I don't .....(20).
10. By now I had ..... (1) similar occasions with Hugh, and ..... (2) at firsthand that
nothing could dent his cast-iron assurance.
"Well," Elizabeth ..... (3) on, "I must ..... (4) that at ..... (5) I was a little put off, but ..... (6) I
began to see that he ..... (7) exactly what he was ..... (8) about, and that he was ..... (9)
sincere. Not a bit selfconscious ..... (10) anything, but just eager for me to understand .....
(11) the way he did. It's the ..... (12) way with everything. Everybody ..... (13) in the world
is always fumbling and bumbling over deciding ..... (14): what to ..... (15) for dinner,
or ..... (16) to manage his job, or ..... (17) to vote for, but Hugh always knows. It's not
knowing that makes for ..... (18) those nerves and complexes and things you ..... (19)

about, isn't that so? Well, I'll take Hugh, thank you, and leave ..... (20) else to the
psychiatrists."
1. There seems to be an odd ..... (1) that there is something meritorious ..... (2) working.
Why? In early times, man went out to ..... (3) animals in ..... (4) to feed ..... (5) and
keep ..... (6). Later he toiled over crops, and sowed and ..... (7) for the ..... (8) reason.
Nowadays, he rises early, ..... (9) the 8.15 and sits in an ..... (10) all day still for that
reason. He ..... (11) it to eat and have a roof ..... (12) his head and, if skilled and lucky, to
go a bit..... (13) and have comfort
85
and entertainment as ..... (14). I don't think necessity is the ..... (15) of invention;
invention, ..... (16) my opinion, arises directly ..... (17) idleness, possibly lazine-ss even.
To ..... (18) oneself trouble. That is the big secret ..... (19) has ..... (20) us down the ages
hundreds of thousands of years.
2. There is no question ..... (1) the park did me a world of good. It gave me privacy,
but..... (2) than that, it allowed me to pretend that I was not..... (3) bad off as I really was.
The grass and the trees ..... (4) democratic, and as I loafed in the sunshine of a late
afternoon, ..... (5) climbed among the rocks in the early evening to look ..... (6) a place to
sleep, I felt that I ..... (7) blending into the environment, that even to a practiced ..... (8) I
could ..... (9) passed for ..... (10) of the picnickers or strollers around me. The streets .....
(11) not allow for such delusions. Whenever I walked ..... (12) the crowds, I was quickly
shamed into ..... (13) awareness of myself. Each day I became a little dirtier than I .....
(14) been the day before, a little more ragged and confused, a little more different .....
(15) everyone ..... (16). In the park, I did not ..... (17) to carry around this burden ..... (18)
self consciousness. If the streets forced me to see ..... (19) as ..... (20) saw me, the park
gave me the chance to return to my inner life.
3. I do not want to alarm ..... (1), but I feel ..... (2) is my duty to ..... (3) you that in ..... (4)
pages ahead you will ..... (5), as the title of this book ..... (6), a green ghost. In ..... (7) to
the ghost you will encounter some strange pearls, ..... (8) a little dog who plays no part in
the story ..... (9) he does nothing at ..... (10). Or, does he ..... (11) a part? Sometimes
doing ..... (12) is as important as ..... (13) something. It will be worth thinking about.
I could tell you of many other..... (14) episodes, exciting adventures and suspenseful .....
(15) that you will be encountering, but I feel ..... (16) you would ..... (17) read about these
for ..... (18). So I will content myself ..... (19) introducing, as I promised them I ..... (20),
The Three Investigators.
4. Emily was packing again. Her ..... (1) were open on the bed, and the bed was piled .....
(2) clothing, but she could not decide what to put..... (3). She wanted to take everything,
so ..... (4) she would not have to return ..... (5) Convers ever again; and she wanted to
throw everything ..... (6) and walk ..... (7) of the house free and clear. Free and clear! But
when she arrived at Rabbit Hills ..... (8) any luggage, her mother, and Walter ..... (9) job it
was to carry ..... (10) in from the car, and Helen who was going to unpack, would ..... (11)
it most peculiar and inexplicable. They would think it..... (12) peculiar still if she ..... (13)
to arrive with piles of trunks and bags, but ..... (14) inexplicable. Such an amount of
luggage ..... (15) be the same as a public announcement that she
86
had left her husband and Emily wanted to ..... (16) this announcement privately, in her
own good time, ..... (17) that was. The ..... (18) was, no time would be good for such .....
(19). It was utterly impossible that it ..... (20) be well received.
5. F.I.F.A. officials are ..... (1) questioning the ..... (2) about last Sunday's World Cup
Final, ..... (3) which he sent off two ..... (4): Diego Thespiano, whom some have ..... (5)
"the world's greatest living actor", ..... (6) Cyril Stamper, "the Romford Ripper".
"I don't ..... (7) people shouting ..... (8) me, especially in Spanish", said
Stamper, "but I can ..... (9) you that I..... (10) not punch Diego. He tripped over
his own ..... (11) and his nose collided ..... (12) my fist. Anyway, as ..... (13) as
he was ..... (14) the red card ..... (15) overacting, he was up again trying to

rearrange my front ..... (16). I think F.I.F.A. ..... (17) make him pay my dentist
for all the repairs .....(18) he is going to have to make."
If the Football Association finds Stamper ..... (19) of bringing the game into disrepute, it
will suspend him for the twenty third ..... (20) in his career.
6. Our family was a very democratic ..... (1): we were not a family in
which ..... (2) was a father who did a job, a mother who did a job, and the kids
who did what they were ..... (3). As each one of ..... (4) came to the use of
reason, as it were, we were ..... (5) in the family decisions. Once we knew .....
(6) to count, we were involved in the family expenditure. We never had regular pocketmoney ..... (7) children, but if we needed money for something, we got
..... (8). As long as the money ..... (9) there, we could have some, even for
frivoulous and unnecessary ..... (10). But we were brought ..... (11) to reflect
that since we could get what we asked ..... (12), we ..... (13) to be ..... (14)
responsible about asking. ..... (15) you wanted something only because
someone ..... (16) had it, you were forced to ..... (17), "Well, that's not much of
a reason. I don't..... (18) need it", and reconcile ..... (19) to doing ..... (20) it.
7. Today ..... (1) feel a strength in numbers. They no longer feel ..... (2) or isolated in their
opinions and ..... (3). Through the media and through ..... (4) TV in ..... (5), we know .....
(6) today about people's opinions and outlooks than at any ..... (7) time in history. TV
pays famous people huge sums of ..... (8) to sit around in a studio 'chatshow' and tell
us ..... (9) wants putting right in the .....
(10) (As if we didn't know!). Unfortunately a lot of the opinions contribute .....
(11) or nothing. The more popular outlets go in for opinion polls, which depend ..... (12)
the particular sample polled, and usually ..... (13) whatever the paper or magazine wants
to. Beware therefore of ..... (14) that begin The general opinion is that ...', 'It's generally
felt, believed, thought, held that ...".
87
..... (15) opinions are ten a penny. But what emerges is that there is a basis ..... (16)
action, and if an issue is ..... (17) worthwhile, then the sparks really ..... (18) to fly. The
only ..... (19) guide to the here and now is when opinion begins to crystallize and bite
sufficiently to get a health warning bill ..... (20) Parliament.
8. The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II..... (1)2 June 1953 was ..... (2) by nearly a quarter
of the human beings then ..... (3) on earth. The inhabitants of Britain and the
Commonwealth numbered ..... (4) 650 million, and a fair proportion of them ..... (5) to
have congregated in London ..... (6) the time the day arrived. The hotels and boarding
houses ..... (7) full. All seats in the stands ..... (8) been reserved as soon as booking
opened, and tickets were selling on the ..... (9) market for 40 or 50 ..... (10).
Balconies ..... (11) the route cost..... (12) more (3500 for fifty, including champagne),
and outside the capital streets organized the distribution of neighbours ..... (13) the
recently available television sets (The best Coronation souvenir..... (14) all).
There were holidays for everyone, mugs, plates, pamphlets and badges presented .....
(15) schoolchildren, and car radio aerials had little Union ..... (16) fluttering chirpily on .....
(17). The Coronation occupied a ..... (18) day, but excited anticipation maintained its
enthusiasm for a whole year ..... (19) than any publicist would ..... (20) dared venture and
it left a warm glow in its aftermath.
9. At different ..... (1), different people and different countries have ..... (2) the lead and
greatly added to man's ..... (3) of the world. Such was the case in the 15th and 16lh .....
(4), the great period of exploration ..... (5) Portuguese and Spanish ..... (6). In 1488 ..... (7)
Portuguese navigator Bartholomew Diaz ..... (8) the Cape of ..... (9) Hope and in 1497 .....
(10) fellow countryman Vasco da Gama ..... (11) India. Seeking a new route, Christopher
Columbus ..... (12) westwards ..... (13) Europe in 1492, convinced that he ..... (14) get to
the fabulous East Indies. Instead he ..... (15) in the Bahama ..... (16) and West Indies. On
later ..... (17) he visited South America and the Gulf of Mexico, ..... (18) to find a passage

across Panama. The new continent of America was to be ..... (19) after a Florentine
explorer, after..... (20) Venezuela is also called.
10. Dominating our little corner of the ..... (1) is the mighty, glowing orb of the sun.
Travelling ..... (2) it at different distances in great elliptical ..... (3) are the Earth and
the ..... (4) planets. Some ..... (5) the planets are themselves the centre of tiny, solar type
systems, with one or ..... (6) moons or satellites revolving around ..... (7). The sun, the
planets and their moons form ..... (8) major part of the solar system. But ..... (9) are a
number of ..... (10), minor
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bodies which also ..... (11) to it and travel, ..... (12) the planets, in paths around the sun.
These are the asteroids, meteors ..... (13) comets. The sun and ..... (14) these bodies
travel through space ..... (15) a great physical unit, or 'family', ..... (16) together ..... (17)
the sun's gravitational ..... (18). The warmth and ..... (19) of the sun are the most
important things to us on earth, for ..... (20) them there would be no life of any kind.
D
1. Lawrence Olivier gave this interview to Kenneth Harris of The Observer, one of the
leading Sunday papers, in 1969.
Harris: How has television affected the theatre?
Olivier: Well, ..... (1) popularity ..... (2) that millions of ..... (3) take
drama for granted. With hours and ..... (4) every week, the viewers can have a
bellyful of drama. ..... (5) it's "The Forsyte Saga" or a Western, it's all drama, of
a..... (6).
If you're ..... (7) to attract a man and his wife away ..... (8) their TV set ..... (9) a winter's
night, and ..... (10) them to a play in the theatre, you've got to grip them and keep them
gripped. They've got to ..... (11) more than when they're sitting in ..... (12) of that set.
Now you do have ..... (13) advantages in the theatre. The telly is perfect ..... (14) things
that have ..... (15) specially built for it like "SoftlySoftly" or "The Forsyte Saga" and .....
(16) specially devised series or unique features which are written, shaped, shot and
organised for TV. But the ..... (17) cannot give you the peculiar condition of the
theatre, ..... (18) we are allowed to get back to life ..... (19) people and relations in depth;
perspectives, angles, distances; all telling the story and presenting the drama, as ..... (20)
as what is being said.
2. Man's existence on earth depends ..... (1) all the other living matter.....
(2) him and a large part of this belongs ..... (3) the plant kingdom. ..... (4) the
extraordinary variety of living organisms that make ..... (5) the world of plants,
animal life could not ..... (6) and our planet ..... (7) be a barren and lifeless
world of deserts. Some plants are of ..... (8) use than others. High on the list of
plants upon ..... (9) our lives depend are the food crops. The grass family is
probably the ..... (10) important of these, ..... (11) it supplies the world ..... (12)
its wheat, rice, oats, barely and sugar cane. ..... (13) a certain amount of
processing, these are all ..... (14) more or ..... (15) as they are grown. Other
grasses provide the basic foodstuff for cattle and sheep. Then there are root
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crops ..... (16) as potatoes and carrots, as ..... (17) as the great..... (18) of fruits. Some
plants give us beverages ..... (19) tea and ..... (20).
3. Apes are men's ..... (1) living cousins. Like ..... (2) they have no tail.
and can ..... (3) upright, although normally they walk about on all ..... (4). The
..... (5) ape is the Gorilla which may ..... (6) to one and a half metres and ..... (7)
over 250 kilograms. It is a shy animal which roams the Congo ..... (8) in Africa
in small family parties. There is also a mountain race. The Gorilla is a vegetarian, ..... (9)
for fruit, bamboo shoots and leaves. ..... (10) night it builds
platforms in the trees in which the family ..... (11), the male gorilla usualy
staying below on ..... (12). This ape has tremendous ..... (13) and can become
dangerous ..... (14) annoyed. At one time there ..... (15) strange tales about

these hairy 'apemen' of the bush. Actually the gorillas are delicate in captivity, and can
quickly ..... (16) illnesses such as colds ..... (17) humans. This is .....
(18) their cages are ..... (19) with glass also to ..... (20) in the warmth.
4. After the romantic period ..... (1) in the 19th century England there was ..... (2) great
literary 'fashion'. At the beginning of the Victorian ..... (3) there were two ..... (4) English
poets, Alfred Lord Tennyson and Robert Browning. Tennyson wrote lyric poems and verse
dramas not intended to be ..... (5). A weakness in his work ..... (6) in the feeling that .....
(7) old, beautiful and romantic themes were suitable ..... (8) poetry, so ..... (9) the truth to
life ..... (10) makes poetry "come alive" is, for the ..... (11) part missing. Browning,
too, ..... (12) to set his poetry in ..... (13) ages, but because he was chiefly .....(14) in the
kinds of moral and religious problems which have applied ..... (15) all times, his work
is ..... (16) alive and ..... (17) remained so. The PreRaphaelite Brotherhood, that grew up
in the latter half of the century, was an association of poets, painters and craftsmen, .....
(18) ideals were those of medieval times, and for this reason they called ..... (19)
PreRaphaelites. They were ..... (20) by Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
5. Widowed Aunt Dorothy lived ..... (1). Having a comfortable ..... (2) and ..... (3) children,
she had no need to ..... (4). Plump, plain and gifted ..... (5) a vivid imagination, she
devoted ..... (6) of her time ..... (7) gossip. Her keen eye ..... (8) nothing and she
specialized in ..... (9) other people's secrets. She ..... (10) make some carefully chosen .....
(11) apparently innocent remark and then watch the effect it ..... (12) on each of ..... (13)
companions. She noticed a ..... (14) deal and skilfully ..... (15) many things she ..... (16)
not actually discover. As a ..... (17) she could ..... (18) her close friends some
sensational ..... (19) of information ..... (20) only later became generally known.
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6. The dream changed. ..... (1) hours, it seemed, I had ..... (2) wandering
aimlessly ..... (3) a silent forest of pine trees; now I was alone ..... (4) a boat.....
(5) was drifting along lazily, past tree-covered islands, ..... (6) bare rocky edges
rose abruptly ..... (7) the transparent water. I was ..... (8) carried between grassy
banks .....(9) meadows sprinkled with buttercups sloped ..... (10) the river. Soft
fluffy clouds ..... (11) reflected in the velvet surface of the water. The current
must ..... (12) been steady and strong, for the boat kept ..... (13) forward
smoothly, without meeting ..... (14) obstacle, as though it..... (15) being steered
..... (16) some invisible hand. Soothed by the peace of my journey, I had .....
(17) all count of time but eventually I ..... (18) aware ..... (19) the boat was
gliding slowly towards the bank. At this point, on a narrow stretch of silver sand, an .....
(20) man was standing, his hand shading his eyes.
7. The rain started ..... (1) dusk was falling. He had been walking ..... (2) ten o'clock and
he was beginning to ..... (3) extremely tired. Overhead, heavy ..... (4) clouds were ..... (5)
ominously; a few streaks ..... (6) what had been a fiery sunset gleamed for a ..... (7) on
the dark bog puddles ahead, but these soon faded, ..... (8) a uniform greyness of earth
and sky. The narrow muddy path twisted ..... (9) avoid boulders covered with spongy
moss and the ..... (10) scattered bushes. As the rain ..... (11) now obviously set in and
was falling with increasing determination, ..... (12) wearily unfolded his raincoat and put it
..... (13). He fumbled in his ..... (14) for his small torch, ..... (15) he would probably
need ..... (16) long. He was getting ..... (17) so he greedily munched ..... (18) of his stock
of ginger biscuits and chocolate. He had ..... (19) idea of how far he had still to walk;
so ..... (20) as he was concerned he was the sole inhabitant of a deserted world.
8. She awoke with a sick ..... (1) of dread. The room was ..... (2) darkness, with a heap .....
(3) dying embers in the grate. Before turning ..... (4) the light, she groped ..... (5) way to
the window. Fog, yellow and opaque, was pressing against the panes, muffling ..... (6)
sounds of the few ..... (7) whom circumstances compelled to ..... (8) out of..... (9). She
drew the ..... (10) to shut out its grimy, dreary ugliness. Her uneasy feeling of ..... (11)
catastrophe was ..... (12); she pulled ..... (13) together firmly and went to stoke the fire,
this time with lumps of coal. Heavy steps were ..... (14) the house; ..... (15) was a single

commanding knock. With the shovel still clutched in ..... (16) hand, her fingers
automatically ..... (17) her apron ribbons, she went to ..... (18) the door. Blocking the
opensided porch, framed ..... (19) the enveloping fog, ..... (20) a tall gravefaced
policeman.
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9. In my ..... (1) case, for ..... (2), it was at this period ..... (3) I first..... (4)
the most important truth ..... (5) myself; ..... (6), that I'm non competitive. The
urge to go one better ..... (7) the next man, which seems to dominate ..... (8)
people's lives in one way or ..... (9) is something I just ..... (10) not have built
into me. ..... (11)1 think over it now, I..... (12) see just how much of a puzzle I
..... (13) to my schoolmasters; in ..... (14) of the fact that I didn't give much .....
(15) and worked fairly steadily I was disliked ..... (16) nearly all the people .....
(17) had charge of me. What ..... (18) have needled them most was that I was
incapable ..... (19) absorbing the one ..... (20) they were all put there to teach that life is a competition.
10. ..... (1) that term Tommy distinguished ..... (2) in two ways besides
..... (3) steadily ..... (4) the bottom of the class he ..... (5) so recently led. He
made a fiery ..... (6) in the debating society ..... (7) the iniquity of the Colour
Bar, which rather pleased ..... (8) teachers, ..... (9) it is a wellknown fact that
the young must pass ..... (10) these phases of rebellion ..... (11) settling down to
conformity. In ..... (12), the greater the verbal rebellion, ..... (13) more settled
was the conformity likely to ..... (14). In secret Tommy got books from the city
..... (15) such as are not usually ..... (16) by boys of his ..... (17) on the history
of Africa, and on comparative anthropology, and passed from there ..... (18) the
history of the moment, most particular ..... (19) of the relations ..... (20) black
and white and coloured.
E
1. Clarence was not close ..... (1) his father, but he respected ..... (2). Ralph made a
decent salary, had a skilled ..... (3), and he had got..... (4) he was with ..... (5) college
education, merely by taking correspondence courses ..... (6) engineering and by
studying ..... (7) night. The fact ..... (8) Clarence had gone to Cornell, ..... (9) Ivy League
University, for four ..... (10), was a source of ..... (11) to his father, Clarence knew ... A
diploma from Cornell was something Clarence had and his father had ..... (12). His father
had ..... (13) said to him, "I..... (14) you to work summers, be a waiter ..... (15) a taxi
driver ..." ..... (16) of rich families said that to ..... (17) sons and daughters. Clarence had
gone to Cornell ..... (18) a prince ... Clarence ..... (19) to admit his parents were decent,
honest people and he didn't meet the like ..... (20) day in New York.
2. ..... (1)1 arrived in England I ..... (2) I knew English. After I'd ..... (3)
here an ..... (4) I realized that I did ..... (5) understand one word. In ..... (6) first
week I picked up a tolerable knowledge ..... (7) the language and the ..... (8)
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seven years convinced ..... (9) gradually but throughly that I ..... (10) never know it
really ..... (11), let ..... (12) perfectly. This is sad. My ..... (13) consolation being ..... (14)
nobody speaks English ..... (15). Remember that those 500 words ..... (16) average
Englishman uses are ..... (17) from being the ..... (18) vocabulary of the language. You
may learn another 500 and another 5,000 and yet another 50,000 and still you may come
..... (19) a further 50.000 you have never heard of before, and nobody else ..... (20).
3.1..... (1) back from school this afternoon, feeling for once, more or ..... (2) contented.
The sun ..... (3), shining, ..... (4) been shining all day, and the part of town we live ..... (5)
is pleasant ..... (6), with wide treelined ..... (7). I swung in at the gate, eager to dump my
school kit and go ..... (8) to play for half ..... (9) hour, before ..... (10) called in to the table.
But as soon as I..... (11) the garden, there ..... (12) was, my brother waiting forme. Not.....
(13) waiting, but standing there ..... (14) if he'd ..... (15) rooted ..... (16) the spot ..... (17)

hours, waiting for me to come ..... (18). Anyway, I..... (19) see that he ..... (20) something
to show me.
4. The Independent Television Authority was created ..... (1) Act of Parliament ..... (2) July,
1954 to provide additional television broadcasting services to ..... (3) provided by ..... (4)
British Broadcasting Corporation. In 1972 it was ..... (5) the Independent Broadcasting
Corporation and ..... (6) functions ..... (7) extended to ..... (8) the provision of a local radio
service. The Authority consists ..... (9) a Chairman and ten members ..... (10) by the
Home Secretary of ..... (11) three make Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland their
respective responsibilities) and a permanent staff ..... (12) the Director General ... The
Authority is ..... (13) to obtain its normal programme supply ..... (14) programme
companies ..... (15) pay the Authority a rental to enable it to carry ..... (16) its duties.
Fifteen television companies provide programmes in the 14 ITV regions (two
companies ..... (17) the London contract, one operating at the weekends, the ..... (18)
during the week). These companies ..... (19) financed by the sale of advertising ..... (20).
5. On the evening ..... (1) Friday, 26 May 1979 the world ..... (2) shocked to learn ..... (3)
an American Airlines DC 10 airliner ..... (4) crashed on ..... (5) from Chicago O'Hare
International ..... (6). The lives of 273 ..... (7) were lost in the ..... (8) disaster in the history
of..... (9) in the United States. In Cincinnati. Ohio, 23-year-old office manager David Booth
..... (10) slumped in horrified disbelief in ..... (11) of his television. For ten consecutive
nights ..... (12) the disaster he had ..... (13) the same terrible nightmare. First, he heard
the ..... (14) of engines failing, then looked on helplessly ..... (15) a huge American
Airlines
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aeroplane swerved sharply, rolled over and crashed ..... (16) the ground ..... (17) a mass
of red and orange flames. Each time he ..... (18) in terror and was obsessed all day .....
(19) the memory of the hideous ..... (20).
6. In future population will ..... (1) more evenly distributed and a ..... (2) percentage will
get involved ..... (3) part-time food production. The resulting simplification ..... (4) society
will allow ..... (5) a greater variety within ..... (6) individual's life, including ..... (7) for
education and work. And contrary ..... (8) the forebodings of the technophobes. modern
technology facilitates rather ..... (9) hinders this trend ..... (10) decentralization and
individualization. New ..... (11) of power, new ..... (12) of materials, new ..... (13) of
fabrication, and new ..... (14) of transport all comprise a technology ..... (15) is relatively
simple to ..... (16) and inexpensive to operate. This new society now emerging may
appear to ..... (17) a regression in ..... (18) to the glamour of the contemporary affluent
Western world ... In this sense, the global scene today is reminiscence ..... (19) the
European continent..... (20) the fall of Rome.
7. No one knows how ..... (1) species of animals and plants there are on ..... (2). Estimates
range ..... (3) three million to ten million. And ..... (4) these, only 1.6 million are ..... (5) to
exist. The rest, ..... (6) insects are simply ..... (7) to exist. For identification purposes, a
species is the smallest ..... (8) of classification normally ..... (9) to distinguish different .....
(10) of animals or plants. The American study ..... (11) certain projections, dependent.....
(12) the variable number of species and based on varying rates ..... (13) deforestation.
The ..... (14) pessimistic forecast is that 437,000 species will vanish ..... (15) the end of
the century, while the ..... (16) pessimistic puts the ..... (17) at 1,875,000. Extinction .....
(18) always been a natural part of life on the planet. But ..... (19) humans appeared on
the scene we have progressively ..... (20) our ability to alter the environment and hunt
animals to extinction.
8. In 1947, a group of Norwegian adventurers set ..... (1) on a simple balsa ..... (2)
equipped with a single huge ..... (3) and a long steering oar to ..... (4) the Pacific,
exactly ..... (5) KonTiki and his Indians had done, according to legend, hundreds of ..... (6)
ago. They expected to face the usual hazards of ..... (7), violent winds, treacherous
currents, waterspouts, all particularly ..... (8) to their frail raft. Their greatest danger,
however, was ..... (9) to come from enormous ..... (10). These creatures were ..... (11) to

be so voracious that if one of ..... (12) fastened on a piece of meat and ..... (13) on the
hook, another would come and devour its captured..... (14). They had tentacles that could
..... (15) a shark and scar great whales, and a devilish..... (16) like an eagle's to tear at a
victim's ..... (17). Furthermore they could use their long arms to exlore every
94
cranny on the raft ..... (18) they floated alongside. What made them an especially
terrifying prospect to the explorers ..... (19) that they alone of marine creatures could
climb aboard, and the area in the Pacific which they haunted in considerable numbers
had to be ..... (20).
9. The Middle East was the ..... (1) of Western civilization. The achievements of the ..... (2)
peoples who first ..... (3) in Mesopotamia, now called Iraq, were of ..... (4) importance to
the ..... (5) of Europe. They ..... (6) writing, the wheel, and a whole ..... (7) of life that is
the foundation of our ..... (8). Even that was by ..... (9) means the total contribution of the
Middle East. When the Roman Empire ..... (10) in the fifth century, Europe sank for two
hundred years into a ..... (11) of ignorance, confusion, and constant war. Then it was that
the Arabs kept ..... (12) the learning of the ancient world. They ..... (13) as a bridge
between East and West, bringing to Europe our present numerical ..... (14) from India and
the use of paper for ..... (15) from China. Today the technical ..... (16) of the West,
which ..... (17) their ..... (18) beginnings to the Middle East, are repaying some of their .....
(19) by bringing to the Arabs the wealth they need to establish ..... (20) countries firmly
in the modern world.
10. At the beginning of this ..... (1). Polar exploration was another name for ..... (2)
adventure. It ..... (3) the imagination and ..... (4) man to pit himself against the ..... (5)
and gain a footing where human feet had never before ..... (6). The emphasis was on
physical ..... (7) and on the opportunities it offered for the exercise of personal ..... (8) and
even ..... (9). Moreover, in those ..... (10) explorers really did turn their backs ..... (11) the
world, entering on a state of isolation. The fact had to be faced that after they had set.....
(12) they might never be heard ..... (13) again. Once the members of the Shackleton .....
(14) had left New Zealand ..... (15) New Year's Day. 1908, they might ..... (16) taken off
into space for all that the public knew about what was happening to them in the ..... (17)
twelve months. Contrast these conditions ..... (18) those of Polar exploration today. Dr.
Fuchs, the leader of the Commonwealth Transantarctic expedition, was ..... (19) to return
to England for a time in the middle of the exploration and ..... (20) remain in touch by
radio with his colleagues in Antarctica.