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Porosity is referred to as cavities produced in a weld due to the entrapment of gas.
The introduction of gas in a weld is supported by some mistakes that ought to be
eliminated. In weld metal porosity is categorized according to shape and location of
occurrence. Some gas cavities occurs in spherical shape, some in elongated (like in
case of worm holes) while on the other hand some cavities occur throughout weld
metal and some on the weld surface. These gas cavities appear either singly called
voids or uniformly distributed throughout the weld and sometime developed in
clustered form. These voids and cavities are produced primarily by gas entrapment
during the solidification procedure of weld. So making prediction about mistakes that
may cause porosity and their removal is essential part before welding. Given below is
the complete detail about common porosity reasons and their solution.
1. Moist electrodes
It is recommended to use baked electrodes in Stick welding process in order to avoid
involvement of moisture content in weld metal. In worst, steam can be driven out,
during heat of welding which creates small cavities in the weld metal. Porosity
eventuates when stainless steel electrodes or low hydrogen electrodes are not properly
kept in dry condition. Although in low hydrogen electrodes some moisture is required
within a limit, for better performance but is some case if moisture exceeds from the
limit, the weld metal will prone to porosity. For prevention following are the steps to
follow;
2. Contaminated surface
Parent metal or electrodes may be subjected to atmospheric contamination. Any
grease, oil or moisture content on surface contribute gas formation when exposed to
welding temperature and may cause porosity problems in your weld. In order to fix it,
clean the material by specified surface preparation procedures.