NUMBER SYSTEM

Number system is a very important chapter and you will get questions from this area in
many competitive exams. We start with classification of numbers.
Types of numbers :
1. Natural numbers (N) = 1, 2, 3, . . . .
2. Whole numbers (W) = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . .
3. Integers (Z) = . . . 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
4. Rational numbers (Q) = The numbers of the form pq where q 0. Eg: 15 , 0.46, 0.333333
5. Irrational numbers (I) = The numbers of the form x1n Integer. Also and e also
irrational numbers.
Other types of numbers:
a. Even numbers : Numbers which are exactly divisible by 2. These numbers are in the
format of 2n.
b. Odd numbers: Numbers which gives remainder 1 when divided by 2. These numbers are
in the format of 2n 1.
c. Prime numbers : The numbers which are divisible by 1 and the number itself are primes.
The least prime is 2.
d. Composite numbers : The numbers of which are divisible by more than 2 numbers.
The following rules related to Even and Odd numbers are important:
odd odd = even;
even even = even;
even odd = odd
odd odd = odd;
even even = even;
even odd = even.
odd(any number) = odd
even(any number) = even
Solved Examples

1. 45 of a number exceeds its 23 by

8.The number is
a. 30
b. 60
c. 90
d. None of these

2. If 1 is added to the denominator of

fraction, the fraction becomes 12. If 1
is added to the numerator, the fraction
becomes 1. The fraction is
a. 47
b. 59

c. 23
d. 1011
3. The sum of two numbers is twice their
difference. If one of the numbers is
10, the other number is
a. 313
b. 30
c. 313
d. 414

8. The sum of two numbers is 29 and the

difference of their squares is 145. The
difference between the number is
a. 13
b. 5
c. 8
d. 11

4. The sum of squares of two numbers is

80 and the square of their difference is
36. The product of the two numbers
is.
a. 22
b. 44
c. 58
d. 116

9. The difference between the squares of

two consecutive numbers is 35. The
numbers are
a. 14,15
b. 15,16
c. 17,18
d. 18,19

5. 11 times a number gives 132. The

number is
a. 11
b. 12
c. 13.2
d. None
6. If 1/5th of a number decreased by 5 is
5, then the number is
a. 25
b. 50
c. 60
d. 75
7. The difference of two numbers is 2 and
the difference of their squares is 12.
The sum of the number is
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 22

10.3/4 of 1/5 of a number is 60. The

number is
a. 300
b. 400
c. 450
d. 1200
11. 24 is divided into two parts such that 7
times the first part added to 5 times
the second part gives 146. The first
part is
a. 11
b. 13
c. 16
d. 17
12. The product of two numbers is 120.
The sum of their squares is 289. The
sum of the two numbers is :
a. 20
b. 23
c. 169
d. None

13. The sum of squares of two numbers is

68 and the square of their difference is
36. The product of the two numbers
is
a. 16
b. 32
c. 58
d. 104
14. The sum of seven numbers is 235.
The average of the first three is 23
and that of the last three is 42. The
fourth number is
a. 40
b. 126
c. 69
d. 195
15. Two numbers are such that the ratio
between them is 3:5 but if each is
increased by 10, the ratio between
them becomes 5 : 7, the numbers are
a. 3, 5
b. 7, 9
c. 13, 22
d. 15, 25
16. A fraction becomes 4 when 1 is
added to both the numerator and
denominator, and it becomes 7 when 1
is subtracted from both the numerator
and denominator. The numerator of
the given fraction is :
a. 2
b. 3
c. 7
d. 15

17. A number exceeds 20% of itself by 40.

The number is
a. 50
b. 60
c. 80
d. 320
18. Three numbers are in the ratio 3:4:5.
The sum of the largest and the
smallest equals the sum of the third
and 52.The smallest number is :
a. 20
b. 27
c. 39
d. 52
19. If 16% of 40% of a number is 8, then
the number is
a. 200
b. 225
c. 125
d. 320
20. If 3 is added to the denominator of a
fraction, it becomes 13 and if 4 be
added to its numerator, it
becomes 34 ; the fraction is :
a. 49
b. 320
c. 724
d. 512
21.Of the three numbers, the first is twice
the second and is half of the third. If
the average of three numbers is 56,
then the smallest number is
a. 24
b. 36
c. 40
d. 48

22.The difference of two numbers is 8

and 1/12 of the sum is 1. The
numbers are
a. 10, 2
b. 18, 26
c. 10, 18
d. 26, 34
23.A number is 25 more than its 2/5. The
number is
a. 60
b. 80
c. 1253
d. 1257

24.The sum of three numbers is 68. If the

ratio between first and second be 2 : 3
and that between second and third be
5 : 3, then the second number is
a. 30
b. 20
c. 58
d. 48
25. The sum of two numbers is 100 and
their difference is 37. The difference of
their squares is
a. 37
b. 100
c. 63
d. 3700