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1. a.
y
4. f (x) = (x + 1)(x2 D 5x + 2)
5 17
x2 D 5x + 2 = 0 x =
= 0.4384, 4.5615
2
5. The graph of g is the same as the graph of f translated
upward 16 units. However, note that f crosses the axis in
three distinct points, while g crosses the axis only once and
is tangent at one point.
6. g(D2) = (D2)3 D 4(D2)2 D 3(D2) + 18 = 0
g(x) = (x + 2)(x2 D 6x + 9) = (x + 2)(x D 3)(x D 3)
The two other roots of g are identical.
7. Two of the roots are identical. The graph intersects the
horizontal axis twice. At one point, the graph only touches
the axis without crossing.
13
9
13
b. D1 | 1 D3
D1
4 D13
1 D4 13
0
Q2.
y
4 16 D 52
= 2 3i;
2
3
2
p(2 + 3i) = (2 + 3i) D 3(2 + 3i) + 9(2 + 3i) + 13
= (D46 + 9i) + (15 D 36i) + (18 + 27i) + 13 = 0
c. x2 D 4x + 13 x =
x
Q4.
y
Q5. 3 + 28i
Q6. x = 7 i5
Q7. x = 7 3i
Q10. Complementary
x
21. Sum = D
18
156
, product =
,
5
5
7
12
sum of pairwise products = D , x = , D3 2i
5
5
12. No such polynomial exists; every quartic is continuous and
changes from decreasing to increasing (or increasing to
decreasing).
13. Example: f (x) = x 4 + 1
9
15
22. Sum = , product = D ,
2
2
3
sum of pairwise products = D4, x = D , 1, 5
2
23. f (x) = x3 D 4x2 D 11x + 30 = (x + 3)(x D 2)(x D 5)
5
27. a. 2 | 1 D7
2 D10
1 D5
D5
D7
5
D3 | 1
D3 30
1 D10 35
b. p(2) = D6,
4
D105
D101
p(x)
6
= x2 D 5x D 5 D
xD2
xD2
p(D3) = D101,
4
D10
D6
p(x)
101
= x2 D 10x + 35 D
x+3
x+3
206
2
28. a. 3 | 1 D9
3 D18
1 D6 D16
D9
2
D2 | 1
D2 22
1 D11 24
D5
D48
D53
D5
D48
D53
p(x)
53
= x2 D 6x D 16 D
xD3
xD3
p(x)
53
p(D2) = D53,
= x2 D 11x + 24 D
x+2
x+2
b. p(3) = D53,
2a
2a
2
2
b D (b D 4ac)
=
4a2
4ac c
= 2=
4a
a
Q2. 7 + 22i
Q3. x D 14x + 49
Q4. 16 + 30i
Q5. Four
Q6. D7 D 4i
7
Q8. D
2
Q7.
y
x
34. z1 + z2 =
Q9. 7
Q10. E
1. a.
P(x)
10
x
1
10
p(x)
20
58
122
218
352
18
38
64
96
134
20
26
32
38
2. a.
P(x)
50
x
1
c.
b.
x
p(x)
g(x)
D2
D5
D3
D1
22
D25
11
D24
D31
10
D24
27
43
D24
221
110
187
27
D11
D1
33
67
77
D38
48
10
24
34
34
D24
10
f (x)
x
2
20
b.
x
f(x)
25.4
13.1
D3.8
D23.5
D44.2
D64.1
D12.3
D16.9
D19.7
D20.7
D19.9
D4.6
1425
1.8
D2.8
58
194
426
778
16
48
64
72
136
96
232
120
252
24
24
24
g(x)
1.8
D1.0
1.8
D0.8
D3.8
7.0
64 16 4 1
D23.5
29.0
125 25 5 1
So f (x) = 0.3x3 D 5x2 + 7x + 29.
Cubic regression gives the same result, with R2 = 1 (curve
passes through all the points).
f (x)
20
x
2
647
D6
c. g(x) = ax 4 + bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e
16a + 8b + 4c + 2d + e = D3
81a + 27b + 9c + 3d + e = D25
256a + 64b + 16c + 4d + e = D31
625a + 125b + 25c + 5d + e = 27
1296a + 216b + 36c + 6d + e = 221
16
8
4 2 1 D1 D3
1
81
27
9 3 1
D25
D6
256 64 16 4 1 D31 H 7
625 125 25 5 1
27
D8
1296 216 36 6 1
221
17
So g(x) = x 4 D 6x3 + 7x 2 D 8x + 17.
Quartic regression gives the same answer, with R2 = 1
(curve passes through all the points).
3. a.
20
D22
20
100
x
7
8 4 2 1
448
0
27 9 3 1
972
0
f (x) = D4x 3 + 120x 2
Cubic regression gives the same result, with R2 = 1.
in.
= 8 in.
b. f (10) = D4,000 + 12,000 = 8,000
1,000
c. f (x) = D4x 3 + 120x 2 = D4x 2(x D 30)
f (x) = 0 x = 0 ft or 30 ft
d.
f(x)
4. a.
g(x)
10,000
x
10
100
30
x
2
208
20
Residual
6. a.
x
h(x)
10
1750
20
3060
30
3510
40
3700
50
4230
60
5700
1310
450
190
530
1470
D860
D260
340
940
10
x
5
600
600
600
b. Cubic function:
h(x) = 0.1x 3 D 10.3x 2 + 370x D 1020
by cubic regression or by solving four simultaneous cubic
equations.
c.
B(x)
300
h(x)
1000
10
10
500
x
10
500
c.
x
Farm Road 13
4.1
10
y
W
142.0312
yDy
W
17.9687
126.9978
D26.9978
140.6908
D20.6908
12
195.7265
54.2734
17
226.2139
D6.2139
21
234.2633
D34.2633
27
326.2134
13.7865
32
670.2425
9.7574
35 1107.6199
D7.6199
3.8
Route 66
5.5
The river goes south before the first crossing and after
the last.
d. Farthest south for 1.7 mi x 3.8 mi is y = D0.3618 mi
at x = 2.5676 mi. Farthest north for 3.8 mi x 5.5 mi
is y = 0.2508 mi at x = 4.7656 mi.
D4.1 3 45.1 2 150.511
x +
x D
x + 4.1 = D10 mi
35.53
35.53
35.53
x = 8.3568 mi (using the intersection feature of a
calculator) x = 2.8568 mi east of the zero at 5.5 mi.
Problem Set 15-3 209
2000 2
L = 5L2
202
800
mass = bL3 = 3 L3 = 0.1L3
20
b. First differences:
f (x + k) D f (x)
= 3akx2 + (3ak2 + 2bk)x + (ak3 + bk2 + ck)
f (x + 2k) D f (x + k)
= 3akx2 + (9ak2 + 2bk)x + (7ak3 + 3bk2 + ck)
f (x + 3k) D f (x + 2k)
= 3akx2 + (15ak2 + 2bk)x + (19ak3 + 5bk2 + ck)
Second differences:
[f (x + 2k) D f (x + k)] D [f (x + k) D f (x)]
= 6ak2x + (6ak3 + 2bk2)
[f (x + 3k) D f (x + 2k)] D [f (x + 2k) D f (x + k)]
= 6ak2x + (12ak3 + 2bk2)
c.
L
P(L)
D400
10
20
800
30
1400
40
1200
50
D400
g(x)
56
10
4,011
17
21,588
24
63,077
31
138,768
3,955
13,622
17,577
10,290
23,912
41,489
10,290
34,202
75,691
c. y = 10.875
SSdev = 1724.875
b.
y
d. R2 =
20,000
x
1724.875 D 67.0324
= 0.9611
1724.875
50
Q2.
c. Both graphs look similar to y = x3. The vertices and intercepts of the f graph are hard to see. The terms of lower
degree do not significantly affect the graph for large x.
12. a. f (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
f (x + k) = a(x + k)3 + b(x + k)2 + c(x + k) + d
= ax3 + 3akx2 + 3ak2x + ak3
+ bx2 + 2bkx + bk2 + cx + ck + d
= ax3 + (3ak + b)x2
+ (3ak2 + 2bk + c)x
+ (ak3 + bk2 + ck + d)
f (x + 2k) = a(x + 2k)3
+ b(x + 2k)2 + c(x + 2k) + d
= ax3 + 6akx2 + 12ak2x + 8ak3
+ bx2 + 4bkx + 4bk2
+ cx + 2ck + d
= ax3 + (6ak + b)x2
+ (12ak2 + 4bk + c)x
+ (8ak3 + 4bk2 + 2ck + d)
f (x + 3k) = a(x + 3k)3 + b(x + 3k)2
+ c(x + 3k) + d
= ax3 + 9akx2 + 27ak2x + 27ak3
+ bx2 + 6bkx + 9bk2
+ cx + 3ck + d
= ax3 + (9ak + b)x2
+ (27ak2 + 6bk + c)x
+ (27ak3 + 9bk2 + 3ck + d)
210
Q3.
Q4.
y
D7 5
, ,4
2 3
Q6. x =
Q7. Three
Q9. 3 R 4
Q10. C
1.
y
x
2
2.
x4
x4
x4
1
=
xD4
h
1
11.
x3 D 10x2 + 24x D 16
xD2
x3 D 10x2 + 24x D 17
g(x) =
xD2
3. f (x) =
r(x)
x
11
1
4
h(x)
1.9
D3.59
1.99
D3.9599
1.999
D3.995999
996.004001
undefined
undefined
2.001
D4.003999
D1004.003999
2.01
D4.0399
2.1
D4.39
6.41
96.0401
12.
y
1
1
D104.0399
D14.39
x
2
x 2 D x D 11
x2 D x D 12
, h(x) =
xD4
xD4
x
r (x)
h (x)
3.9
6.9
D3.1
3.99
6.99
D93.01
3.999
6.999
D993.001
undefined
undefined
4.001
7.001
1007.001
4.01
7.01
107.01
4.1
7.1
17.1
2x D 22
2x D 22
=
x2 + 2x D 8 (x + 4)(x D 2)
5
D3
=
+
x+4 xD2
13. f (x) =
7x D 2
7x D 2
=
x2 D x D 2 (x + 1)(x D 2)
3
4
=
+
x+1 xD2
14. g(x) =
15.
16.
5
: horizontal translation by D4, vertical dilation by 5
x+4
D3
: horizontal translation by 2, vertical dilation by D3
xD2
3
: horizontal translation by D1, vertical dilation by 3
x+1
4
: horizontal translation by 2, vertical dilation by 4
xD2
17. Method 1:
11x D 17
A
B
A(x D 6) + B(x + 1)
=
+
=
x2 D 5x D 6 x + 1 x D 6
(x + 1)(x D 6)
(A + B)x + (D6A + B)
A + B = 11
A
=
e
c d
(x + 1)(x D 6)
D6A + B = D17
B
1 1 D1 11
4
=c
d c
d=c d
D6 1
D17
7
11x D 17
11x D 17
Method 2: 2
;
=
x D 5x D 6 (x + 1)(x D 6)
11(D1) D 17 D28
covering up (x + 1),
= 4;
=
D1 D 6
D7
11(6) D 17 49
covering up (x D 6),
= 7.
=
6+1
7
11x D 17
4
7
Either way, 2
.
=
+
x D 5x D 6 x + 1 x D 6
18. Method 1:
7x D 1
A
B
A(x + 5) + B(x + 1)
=
+
=
x2 + 6x + 5 x + 1 x + 5
(x + 1)(x + 5)
(A + B)x + (5A + B)
A+B=7
A
=
c
dc d
(x + 1)(x + 5)
5A + B = D1
B
D1
1 1
7
D2
=c
d c d=c d
5 1
D1
9
7x D 1
7x D 1
Method 2: 2
;
=
x + 6x + 5 (x + 1)(x + 5)
7(D1) D 1 D8
covering up (x + 1),
= D2;
=
D1 + 5
4
7(D5) D 1 D36
covering up (x + 5),
= 9.
=
D5 + 1
D4
7x D 1
D2
9
Either way, 2
.
=
+
x + 6x + 5 x + 1 x + 5
19. Method 1:
D2x D 18
A
B
A(x D 7) + B(x D 3)
=
+
=
x2 D 10x + 21 x D 3 x D 7
(x D 3)(x D 7)
(A + B)x + (D7A D 3B)
A + B = D2
A
dc d
=
c
(x D 3)(x D 7)
B
D7A D 3B = D18
6
1
1 D1 D2
=c
d c
d=c d
D18
D7 D3
D8
D2x D 18
D2x D 18
Method 2: 2
;
=
x D 10x + 21 (x D 3)(x D 7)
D2(3) D 18 D24
covering up (x D 3),
= 6;
=
3D7
D4
D2(7) D 18 D32
covering up (x D 7),
= D8.
=
7D3
4
6
8
D2x D 18
Either way, 2
.
=
D
x D 10x + 21 x D 3 x D 7
20. Method 1:
9x2 D 24x D 57
A
B
C
=
+
+
(x + 1)(x + 3)(x D 5) x + 1 x + 3 x D 5
A(x + 3)(x D 5) + B(x + 1)(x D 5) + C(x + 1)(x + 3)
=
(x + 1)(x + 3)(x D 5)
A(x2 D 2x D 15) + B(x2 D 4x D 5) + C(x2 + 4x + 3)
=
(x + 1)(x + 3)(x D 5)
(A + B + C)x2 + (D2A D 4B + 4C)x + (D15A D 5B + 3C)
=
;
(x + 1)(x + 3)(x D 5)
A+B+C=9
A
D2A D 4B + 4C = D24 B
D15A D 5B + 3C = D57
C
1
1 1 D1
9
2
= D2 D4 4 D24 = 6
D15 D5 3
D57
1
9(D1)2 D 24(D1) D 57 D24
Method 2: covering up (x + 1),
= 2;
=
(D1 + 3)(D1 D 5)
D12
9(D3)2 D 24(D3) D 57 96
covering up (x + 3),
= 6;
=
(D3 + 1)(D3 D 5)
16
21. Method 1:
212
9(5)2 D 24(5) D 57 48
= 1.
=
(5 + 1)(5 + 3)
48
2
2
6
1
9x D 24x D 57
Either way,
.
=
+
+
(x + 1)(x + 3)(x D 5) x + 1 x + 3 x D 5
covering up (x D 5),
5x2 + 7x + 6
A
B
C
=
+
+
(x D 1)(x + 1)(x + 2) x D 1 x + 1 x + 2
A(x + 1)(x + 2) + B(x D 1)(x + 2) + C(x D 1)(x + 1)
=
(x D 1)(x + 1)(x + 2)
A(x2 + 3x + 2) + B(x2 + x D 2) + C(x2 D 1)
=
(x D 1)(x + 1)(x + 2)
(A + B + C)x2 + (3A + B)x + (2A D 2B D C)
=
(x D 1)(x + 1)(x + 2)
A+B+C=5
A
1
1
1 D1 5
3
=
3A
+
B
=
7
B
3
1
0 7 = D2
2A D 2B D C = 6
C
2 D2 D1
6
4
5(1)2 + 7(1) + 6 18
Method 2: covering up (x D 1),
= 3;
=
(1 + 1)(1 + 2)
6
2
5(D1) + 7(D1) + 6 4
covering up (x + 1),
= D2;
=
(D1 D 1)(D1 + 2)
D2
5(D2)2 + 7(D2) + 6 12
covering up (x + 2),
= 4.
=
(D2 D 1)(D2 + 1)
3
2
5x + 7x + 6
3
2
4
Either way,
.
=
D
+
(x D 1)(x + 1)(x + 2) x D 1 x + 1 x + 2
22. Method 1:
0
and may or may not have
0
a
a removable discontinuity; an infinite form looks like ,
0
where a 0, and has a vertical asymptote.
P(x) D B(x D a)
(x D a)(x D b)
P(x) D B(x D a)
=
xDb
Since this is true for any x (except x = b), its particularly true
for x = a, so
P(a) D B(a D a) P(a)
A=
=
aDb
aDb
which is what you are calculating if you cover up x D a and
plug in a.
A = (x D a)
g(x) D g(1)
(x3 D 2x2 D x + 6) D 4
= lim
x1
xD1
xD1
x 3 D 2x 2 D x + 2
(x D 1)(x 2 D x D 2)
= lim
= lim
x1
x1
xD1
xD1
= lim (x 2 D x D 2) = D2;
b. lim
x1
x1
g(x) D g(3)
(x 3 D 2x 2 D x + 6) D 12
= lim
x3
xD3
xD3
x3 D 2x2 D x D 6
(x D 3)(x2 + x + 2)
= lim
= lim
x3
x3
xD3
xD3
= lim (x2 + x + 2) = 14
lim
x3
x3
Q7. m = 3
Q8. m =
Q9. (x D 3)
Q10. 3 + 5i
c. y = D2(x D 1) + 4 = D2x + 6
y
19 D 7
=4
5D2
1. a. Near x = 2,
f (2.001) D f (2)
vM
2.001 D 2
D 0.003999999
=
= D3.999999 M D4
0.001
Near x = 4,
f (4.001) D f (4) 0.008006001
vM
=
4.001 D 4
0.001
= 8.006001 M 8
f (x) D f (2)
(x 3 D 6x 2 + 8x + 5) D 5
= lim
x2
xD2
xD2
x 3 D 6x 2 + 8x
(x D 2)(x 2 D 4x)
= lim
= lim
x2
x2
xD2
xD2
2
= lim (x D 4x) = D4;
x
1
b. lim
x2
x2
f (x) D f (4)
(x 3 D 6x 2 + 8x + 5) D 5
= lim
x4
xD4
xD4
x 3 D 6x 2 + 8x
(x D 4)(x 2 D 2x)
= lim
= lim
x4
x4
xD4
xD4
2
= lim (x D 2x) = 8
lim
x4
x4
x (min)
3
b. yQ(3) M 3 m/min
yQ(7) M D4 m/min
c. In the everyday sense of speed (without reference to
direction), the object is slowing down at 3 min and
speeding up at 7 min. But in the more precise terminology
of physics and mathematics, the object is decelerating
(accelerating in the negative, or downward, direction) at
both timesgetting slower in the positive direction (that
is, gaining negative velocity) at 3 min, and getting faster
in the negative direction (also gaining negative velocity) at
7 min. Both accelerations are about 2 m/min2, which
means that at this rate of deceleration, the velocity would
lose 2 m/min every minute.
4. a.
y (ft)
1
2
x (s)
1
b. yQ(1) M D
yQ(4) M
1
ft/s
2
1
ft/s
4
300
200
100
x
5
10
15
20
b. vav =
t6
c. y = 3(x D 6) + 2 = 3x D 16
The line is tangent to the graph.
8. a. lim
x2
x2
lim
x3
d(t)
10
f (x) D f (3)
(x 3 D 11x 2 + 36x D 26) D 10
= lim
x3
xD3
xD3
= lim (x2 D 8x + 12) = D3
x3
t
10
214
e. 3x2 D 22x + 36 = 0
D(D22) (D22)2 D 4(3)(36)
x=
2(3)
11 13
= 2.4648, 4.8685
=
3
Precalculus with Trigonometry: Solutions Manual
2007 Key Curriculum Press
g. g(x) = 1776x1775
h. The rate of change is given by g(x) = 10x D 51;
g(3) = D21 < 0, so f (x) is decreasing at this point.
x
1
9. f Q(x) = 7x6
10. f Q(x) = 9x8
10
f(x)
x
1
16. f Q(x) = 5x
f (x)
f(x)
10
x
1
10
x
1
f (x)
10
x
1
10
x
1
19. f Q(x) = 3x 2 D 8x + 1
= x D
4 D 13
4 + 13
(x D
3
3
4 13
vertices at x =
= 0.1314, 2.5251
3
10
f(x)
25. a. If the rule worked, then you would have f Q(x) = x2xD1.
b. According to part a, f Q(0) = 02 D1 = 0. However, the
function is increasing at this point, so the derivative (rate
of change) is greater than zero.
c. The derivative of an exponential function cannot be found
using the power function shortcut because, as shown in
part b, using this shortcut gives at least one answer that is
wrong.
5
5
20. f Q(x) = 3x2 D 5 = 3 x +
xD
3
3
5
vertices at x =
= 1.2909
3
f (x)
10
x
1
b.
Review Problems
R0. Journal entries will vary.
R1. a. f (D2) = 8 + 8 D 10 D 6 = 0
g (D2) = 8 + 8 D 8 D 8 = 0
h (D2) = 8 + 8 D 6 D 10 = 0
You can also calculate these values using synthetic
substitution.
57 D82
c. 2 | 1 D10
2 D16
82
1
D8
41
0
f (x) = (x D 2)(x D 4 D 5i)(x D 4 + 5i)
Zeros at x = 2, 4 5i.
y
b. f (x) = (x + 2)(Dx2 + 4x D 3)
g(x) = (x + 2)(Dx2 + 4x D 4)
h(x) = (x + 2)(Dx2 + 4x D 5)
50
x
x3 D 4x2 + 7x + 11
17
= x2 D 2x + 3 +
xD2
xD2
d(2) = 23 D 4(2)2 + 7(2) + 11 = 17
R2. a. f (x) = ax + bx + cx + d
a + b + c + d = 14
8a + 4b + 2c + d = 26
27a + 9b + 3c + d = 60
64a + 16b + 4c + d = 110
1
1 1 1
a
14
8
4 2 1
b
26
27
9 3 1
c
60
64 16 4 1
d
110
a
1
1 1 1 D1 14
D1
26
17
b
8
4 2 1
=
=
60
D32
c
27
9 3 1
110
30
d
64 16 4 1
f (x) = Dx3 + 17x2 D 32x + 30
b. f (5) = D125 + 425 D 160 + 30 = 170
f (6) = D216 + 612 D 192 + 30 = 234
c. y = Dx3 + 17x2 D 32x + 30
R2 = 1 indicates perfect fit.
b.
c. g(x) = x2 D 10x + 27 +
The term
1
.
xD3
1
0
has the infinite form
.
xD3
0
0
d. : indeterminate form
0
a
, where a 0: infinite form
0
9x D 18
9x D 18
=
x2 D 5x + 4 (x D 1)(x D 4)
3
6
=
+
xD1 xD4
3
: horizontal translation by 1, vertical dilation by 3
xD1
6
: horizontal translation by 4, vertical dilation by 6
xD4
e. h(x) =
d.
y
100
x
h(x)
216
1
2
0 = h(x) =
9x D 18
x=2
x2 D 5x + 4
b. vav =
f(x)
c. Removable discontinuity at x = 2
v
50
100
2
x
10
d.
f(x)
x2
10
1000
x
2
For f (x) the points are (6, 0) and (2, 4). But this gives
b = 42 DD 06 = i. But b is the coefficient of the imaginary
part, so it must be real. For Df (x) the point of tangency is
D0
(2, D4), so a = 2 and b = D4
2 D 6 = 1, so the zeros
are 2 i, so
Df (x) = (x D 6)(x D 2 D i)(x D 2 + i)
= (x D 6)(x2 D 4x + 5)
= x3 D 10x2 + 29x D 30
f (x) = Dx3 + 10x2 D 29x + 30
x
2
f(x)
34
50
54
52
50
54
70
10
104
6
D29
27
9 3 1
64 16 4 1
10
30
f (x) = Dx3 + 10x2 D 29x + 30
Dx3 + 10x2 D 29x + 30 = 0
x3 D 10x2 + 29x D 30 = 0
(x D 6)(x2 D 4x + 5) = 0
(x D 6)(x D 2 D i)(x D 2 + i) = 0
C2. a. D1 | 6
17
D24 D35
D6
D11
35
6 11
D35
0
f (x) = (x + 1)(6x 2 + 11x D 35)
= (x + 1)(2x + 7)(3x D 5)
Zeros are D1, D 72 , 53 .
T10.
D7
b. In D1 = D1
1 , D1 is a factor of D35 and 1 is a factor of 6. In 2 ,
D7 is a factor of D35 and 2 is a factor of 6. In 53 , 5 is a
factor of D35 and 3 is a factor of 6.
c. For g(x) the possible rational roots are 1, 5,1,7,3 35 , that is,
11 , 13 , 51 , 53 , and so on.
D1 | 3 D19
13
35
D3
22 D35
3 D22
35
0
g(x) = (x + 1)(3x2 D 22x + 35)
= (x + 1)(x D 5)(3x D 7),
so the roots are D1, 5, 73 .
For h(x) the possible rational roots are
35, 40, 56, 70, 112, 140, 280
1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 20,1,28,
2, 3, 6
5 | 6 D35
D31
280
30
D25 D280
6
D5
D56
0
h(x) = (x D 5)(6x2 D 5x D 56)
= (x D 5)(2x D 7)(3x + 8),
so the roots are 5, 72 , D 83 .
ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = f (x)
8a + 4b + 2c + d = 19.4
27a + 9b + 3c + d = 40.1
64a + 16b + 4c + d = 74.2
125a + 25b + 5c + d = 123.5
0.3
8
4 2 1 D1 19.4
40.1
4
27
9 3 1
=
74.2
D5
64 16 4 1
123.5
11
125 25 5 1
f (x) = 0.3x 3 + 4x 2 D 5x + 11
Using a calculator, f (6) = 189.8 and f (7) = 274.9.
T11. 2 | 1 D12
2
1 D10
T12.
54
D20
34
D68
68
0
d(t)
= t 2 D 10t + 34
tD2
Roots are t = 10 2D36 = 5 3i .
T13. There is only one real root, which means the position is at
the stripe only once.
T14. d(3) = 13 ft, d(3.01) = 13.089701 ft
13.089701 D 13
vav =
= 8.9701 ft/s
3.01 D 3
T15. vav (t) =
Chapter Test
T16.
T1. (x D 5)(x D 2) = x 2 D 7x + 10
10
t
T4.
3
y
10
t3 D 12t2 + 54t D 81
tD3
(t D 3)(t2 D 9t + 27)
= lim
t3
tD3
= lim(t 2 D 9t + 27) = 9 ft/s
x
1
T18. lim
t3
t3
T5.
T19.
d(t)
x
30
20
T6. A cubic function has three zeros, but the graph crosses the
axis only once; so the remaining zeros must be nonreal.
T7. 3 | 1
1
1
3
4
D7
12
5
D15
15
0
10
t
2
218
1.
z
5
a
5
b a
x
b
(7, 4, 3)
(10, 20, 5)
0 0 6.6386
100
[A]
M
0 0 6.2619 ; the fixed point is approximately
14.
0 0
1
(6.6386, 6.2619).
0.4 cos(D20)
15. [B] = 0.4 sin(D20)
0
2. b D aA = 3i + 16j + 2k
A
aAb 70 + 80 + 15
5. cos = A A =
= 0.8371
74525
|a ||b |
= 33.1626
A
0.4 0 0
16. [C] = 0 0.4 0
0
0 1
17. The graphs should match.
18.
aAb aAb
6. proj = |aA|cos = |aA| A A = A
|a ||b |
|b |
70 + 80 + 15
=
= 7.2011
525
proj = 720.1190 m
A
7. (aA R b )aA = D407 D 54 + 1003 = 0
A
(aA R b )aA
A
cos = A A A = 0 (aA R b ) aA
|a R b ||a |
A
Perimeter
of Each
Total
P
36
36
12
48
16
64
64
4
= 1.3333
3
256
= 83.333
3
50
4
= 63,568,114.6772
19. Total P = 36
3
20.
n
81
36
0.45 D0.78 20 x
0.45x D 0.78y + 20
0.45 10 y = 0.78x + 0.45y + 10
11. 0.78
0
0
1 1
1
16
64
9
0.45x D 0.78y + 20
x
12. 0.78x + 0.45y + 10 = y
1
1
0.45x D 0.78y + 20 = x
e0.78x + 0.45y + 10 = y
D0.55x D 0.78y = D20
D0.55 D0.78 x
D20
d c d=c
d
0.78 D0.55 y
D10
D1
x
D20
D0.55 D0.78
3.5130
c d=c
d c
d=c
d
y
0.78 D0.55
D10
23.1639
P = (3.5130, 23.1639)
c
0.4 cos 70 D5
0.4 sin 70 4
0
1
= 7.1111
1
21. r = , N = 4
3
log N log 4
D=
=
= 1.2618
log 1r log 3
n
4
=0
lim A = lim 81
22. n
n
9
n
4
lim P = lim 36
=
n
n
3
This makes sense because an object of dimension less than
two has zero area, while an object of dimension greater than
one has infinite length.
23. The signs of the x2- and y2-terms are opposite. Actually, this
turns out to be a degenerate hyperbola (two intersecting
lines):
25x2 D 9y2 D 200x + 18y = D391
25(x 2 D 8x + 16) D 9(y 2 D 2y + 1)
= D391 + 2516 D 91
25(x D 4)2 D 9(y D 1)2 = 0
xD42
7D12
D
=0
3
5
y
5600
.
1 + 0.5cos
5600
3960
3280
3960
3280
= cos D1
= 360n 34.0772
3960
The crash occurs at (r, ) = (3960, 325.9227).
cos =
x
4
3
30.
64 = [64 cis(0 + 360n)]1/3
= 641/3 cis(0 + 120n)
= 4 cis 0, 4 cis 120, 4 cis 240
2 2
x
y
+
=1
24.
5
3
Focal radius: c = a2 D b2 = 25 D 9 = 4
c 4
= = 0.8
a 5
a
5
Directrix distance: d = =
= 6.25
e 0.8
10
Eccentricity: e =
x
10
25.
32.
y
D
x
(180 2)
e yQ = 3 sin t + 1
xQ = 5 cos t + 2
x
2
9 2
27. V = 2xy2 = 2x 9 D 25
x
18
3
= 18x D 25 x
Using the methods of Section
15-5, the maximum occurs when
3
54 2
V Q = 18 D x = 18 1 D x2 = 0
25
25
25 53
x=
=
= 2.8867
3
3
Then y = 6 = 2.4494;
radius is r = y = 6 = 2.4494;
103
altitude is h = 2x =
= 5.7735.
3
220
35. 12 + 15 + 18 + + 36 + 39
=
10
(9 + 3n) = $255
n=1
tn
Rounded
100
100
120
120
138
138
154.2
154
168.78
169
181.902
182
1
1
1
1
40.
= 1 + 1.2 + 1.2 + 1.2 +
2
3
4
n=1n 1.2
= 1 + 0.4352 + 0.2675 + 0.1894 +
1
1
1
1
s100 = 1 + 1.2 + 1.2 + 1.2 + +
2
3
4
1001.2
= sum(seq(1/X^1.2,X,1,100,1)) = 3.6030. . .
41. 1 | 1 D25 249 D225
1 D24
225
1 D24 225
0
This means that 1-ft trees are free.
1500
1000
500
x
5
10
15
20
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