Single-Phase Motors

Single-phase AC motors are as

ubiquitous as they are useful serving as the prime power
sources for a seemingly
limitless array of smallhorsepower applications in
industry and in the home.
The main advantage of these
motors is their ability to
operate from a single-phase
power supply

Single-Phase Motors
The single-phase induction
machine is the most frequently
used motor for refrigerators,
washing machines, clocks, drills,
compressors, pumps, and so
forth.
They are designed to operate on
120 V or 240 V.
They range in capacity from
fractional horsepower to several
horsepower depending on the
application.
2

Single-Phase Induction Motor

In general, an ac polyphase squirrel-cage motor connected to
a polyphase line will develop starting torque.
A squirrel-cage motor connected to a single-phase line
develops no starting torque, but having been started by some
external means, it runs approximately like a polyphase motor.
Single-phase induction motors are classified in accordance
with their starting methods and are usually referred to by
names descriptive of these methods.

Single-Phase Induction Motor

Single-Phase Induction Motor

The single-phase
motor stator has a
laminated iron core
with two windings
arranged
perpendicularly
One is the main
and
The other is the
auxiliary winding
or starting
winding

Auxiliary Windings
Two windings that are 90 apart physically and
carrying currents 90 apart in phase produce a
rotating magnetic field.
Single-phase induction motors contain an auxiliary
winding displaced by 90 electrical degrees from
the main winding.

Single-Phase Induction Motor

This single-phase
motors are truly twophase machines.
The motor uses a
squirrel cage rotor,
which has a laminated
iron core with slots.
Aluminum bars are
molded on the slots
and short-circuited at
both ends with a ring.

Stator with laminated

iron core

Main winding

Slots with winding

Rotor with
laminated
iron core

+
+

Bars

_
_
Starting winding

Ring to short
circuit the bars

Single-Phase Induction Motor

Squirrel cage rotor

Single-Phase Induction Motor

The single-phase induction motor operation

can be described by two methods:

Double revolving field theory; and

Cross-field theory.

Double revolving theory is perhaps the easier

of the two explanations to understand

Learn the double revolving theory only

Single-Phase Induction Motor

Single-Phase Induction Motor

Split-Phase Induction Motor

The split-phase motor

Split-phase motors have two stator windings, a

main winding (also referred to as the run
winding) and an auxiliary winding (also referred
to as the start winding)

Capacitor Type Motors

Permanent-split-capacitor motor

Capacitor-start motor

Shaded-Pole Induction Motors