Experimental Investigation of Coexistence Interference On Multi-Radio 802.11 Networks PDF

Experimental Investigation of Coexistence
Interference on Multi-Radio 802.11 Networks

Arsham Farshad, Mahesh Marina, Francisco Garcia
School of Informatics,The University of Edinburgh
Agilent Technologies, Scotland
WiNMee 2012- Paderborn
Introduction
Multi-radio Platforms: Advantages and Challenges
A multi-radio platform
Experimental Investigation of Coexistence Interference on Multi-R
Introduction
Expected advantages:
Reduce co-channel interference
Achieve higher performance
Achieve more efficient spectrum
usage
Introduction
Expected advantages:
Reduce co-channel interference
Achieve higher performance
Achieve more efficient spectrum
usage
Challenges: Coexistence
interference
Receiver blocking
Adjacent channel interference (ACI)
Introduction
Coexistence Interference
Receiver Blocking
Receiver Blocking
Receiver blocking is a result of limited dynamic range of power
amplifier and A/D converter.
Introduction
Coexistence Interference I
Adjacent Channel Interference
Adjacent Channel Interference(ACI) is due to:

Imperfect bandpass filter in the radio hardware.
Use of partially overlapped channels.
ACI is caused by extraneous power from transmissions in adjacent channels.
Introduction
Coexistence Interference II
Adjacent Channel Interference
Solutions:
Channel & Antenna separation
Use channels from different bands (e.g., Dhananjay et. al.
SIGCOMM09).
Chereddi2007, Nachtigall2008:
For 40cm antenna separation, channel separation should be 4.
Only 3 channels can be used in the first sub-band of 5GHz band.
With two channel separation, 320cm separation between
antennas is required!
Introduction
Our Goals
Goals:
Ease antenna and channel separation constraints.
Reduce multi-radio platform dimensions and deployment costs.
Increase spectrum usage efficiency.
Experiment Setup
Experiment Setup
3.5m
RX
TX
3.5m
Experiment setup
Router Platforms
Platform
OS/Firmware
Radio Interfaces
Device Drivers
Antennas
Gateworks Avila and Cambria, Ubiquiti RouterStation

Openwrt attitude r27891
Compex WLMAG54-23dBm and MicroTik R52Hn mini PCI cards
ath5k / ath9k r2011-06-22
Cisco
dualband
dipole
omni
(2dBi@2.4GHz, 5dBi@5GHz)
Laird dualband omni (3dBi@2.4GHz,
5dBi@5GHz)
Gateworks Avila platform

equipped with two Compex cards.
Experiment Setup
Variable Parameters and Measurement Metrics
Measurement metrics:
UDP Throughput
Minimum Antenna Separation: smallest antenna separation that
yields closest to maximum throughput.
Variable parameters:
Antenna separation
Transmission rate ( 6Mbps and 54Mbps)
Transmission power for the Tx interface
Antenna polarization
Multi-Radio Coexistence Interference: Multiband Case
Minimum Antenna Separation for Interfaces in

Different Bands I
20
6Mbps, Same Polarization

Minimum Antenna Separation(cm)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
5
10
14
17
20
Transmit Power (dBm) for the Transmission Interface
23
Minimum antenna separation at different bit-rates and interferer transmit power levels.
Minimum Antenna Separation for Interfaces in

Different Bands II
20

6Mbps, Diff. Polarization
54Mbps, Diff. Polarization
Minimum Antenna Separation(cm)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
5
10
14
17
20
Transmit Power (dBm) for the Transmission Interface
23
Minimum antenna separation at different bit-rates, polarizations and interferer transmit power
levels.
Antenna Polarization
Definition
The direction of electric field of a radio wave relative to the ground.
Cross polarized antennas
Polarization state of a signal will be almost independent of the

transmitted polarization after sufficient reflection and bouncing of
signal.
10
Throughput Performance with Closely Spaced

Antennas
Throughput-Same Polarization
Normalized Throughput-Same Polarization
Throughput-Diff. Polarization
Normalized Throughput-Diff. Polarization
30
25
0.75
20
0.5
15
10
0.25
5
0
Normalized UDP Throughput
UDP Throughput(Mbps)
35
0
6
12
18
24
Rates(Mbps)
36
48
54
Received UDP throughput for different bit-rates, 6cm antenna separation and 17dBm txpower.
11
Multi-Radio Coexistence Interference: Single-Band Case
Maximum Achievable Bit-Rates When Using Widely

Separated Channels within a Band (5GHz)
Maximum Acheivable Rates(Mbps)
Same Polarization
Diff. Polarization
54
48
36
24
18
12
9
6
5dBm 10dBm 14dBm 17dBm 20dBm 23dBm
Transmit Power for the Transmission Interface
Maximum achievable bit-rates for interfaces configured with widely separated channels within the
5GHz and 40cm antenna separation.
12
Microscopic View of MAC Behaviour in Presence of

ACI I
BusyTime-Same Polarization
100
MAC Busy Time (%)
80
60
40
20
channel 36
channel 40
channel 44
30
50
channel 48
0
10
20
40
Time(s)
60
70
80
Percentage of time MAC is sensed Busy due to transmission on the adjacent channel.
13

ACI II
BusyTime-Diff. Polarization
MAC Busy Time (%)
100
80
60
40
20
channel 36
channel 40
channel 44
30
50
channel 48
0
10
20
40
Time(s)
60
70
80
14

ACI III
100
80
5
4
60
3
40
2
20
channel 36
channel 40
channel 44
30
50
channel 48
RX UDP Throughput(Mbps)
MAC Busy Time (%)
BusyTime-Diff. Polarization
Throughput-Same Polarization
Throughput-Diff. Polarization
0
10
20
40
Time(s)
60
70
80
Using differently polarizedantennas reduces the required channel separation down to 2
channels.
15
Different Antenna Polarizations, Network Performance Study
Network Topology Study for Differently Polarized

Nodes
Experiments Setup
Changing polarization changes the

radiation pattern of the antenna.
It could potentially have a negative
impact on mesh network topology and
link qualities.
Experiment Setup:
Using IFMesh multi-interface testbed in
Informatics Forum at the University of
Edinburgh.
IFMesh multi-interface mesh

testbed.
Calculate ETX metric and measure UDP

throughput.
16
Different Antenna Polarizations, Network Performance Study
Network Topology Study for Differently Polarized

Nodes
Vertically Polarized
Horizontally Polarized
Mean ETX increases from 1.2 to 1.5.

UDP throughput degrades 17% in average.
17
Conclusions
Our Achievements
Demonstrated the benefit of using antenna polarization to alleviate

multi-radio coexistence interference.
Reduce required antenna separation to as small as 3cm.
Achieve up to four times higher bit-rates for widely separated
channels in a single band case.
Reduce channel separation to two channels in single-band setup.
Using differently polarized antennas has a marginal effect on the
mesh network topology in indoor environments.
Characterized adjacent channel interference using direct

observation of MAC behavior.
18
Conclusions
Future Work
Exploiting polarization diversity on multi-interface nodes with more

than two interfaces.
Investigate the coexistence interference in multi-interface 802.11n
platforms (cross-polarized configuration useful?).
19
Conclusions
Questions?

Experimental Investigation of Coexistence Interference On Multi-Radio 802.11 Networks PDF

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Experimental Investigation of Coexistence

Interference on Multi-Radio 802.11 Networks

WiNMee 2012- Paderborn

Multi-radio Platforms: Advantages and Challenges

Arsham Farshad, Mahesh Marina, Francisco Garcia