5 Branches of Philosophy

1. Epistemology
Epistemology is the study of knowledge. Epistemology deals with the process by which we can know that something is true. It
addresses questions such as:
--What can I know?
--How is knowledge acquired?
--Can we be certain of anything?

2. Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the study of reality. More specifically it is the study of reality that is beyond the scientific or mathematical
realms. The term metaphysics itself literally means beyond the physical. The metaphysical issues most discussed are the
existence of God, the soul, and the afterlife.

3. Ethics
Ethics is the study of moral value, right and wrong. Ethics is involved with placing value to personal actions, decisions, and
relations. Important ethical issues today include abortion, sexual morality, the death penalty, euthanasia, pornography, and the
environment.

4. Logic
Logic is the study of right reasoning. It is the tool philosophers use to study other philosophical categories. Good logic includes
the use of good thinking skills and the avoidance of logic fallacies.

5. Aesthetics
Aesthetics is the study of art and beauty. It attempts to address such issues as:
--What is art?
--What is the relationship between beauty and art?
--Are there objective standards by which art can be judged?
--Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?

Greek philosophers
1. Thales
The founder of natural philosophy, Thales was a Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher from the Ionian city of Miletus (c. 620 - c. 546 B.C.).
He predicted a solar eclipse and was considered one of the 7 ancient Sages.
2. Pythagoras
Pythagoras was an early Greek philosopher, astronomer and mathematician known for the Pythagorean theorem, which geometry
students use to figure the hypotenuse of a right triangle. He was also the founder of a school named for him.
3. Anaximander
Anaximander was a pupil of Thales. He was the first to describe the original principle of the universe as apeiron or boundless and to
use the term arche for beginning. In the Gospel of John, the first phrase contains the Greek for "beginning" -- the same word
"arche".

4. Anaximenes
Anaximenes was a 6th century philosopher, a younger contemporary of Anaximander, who believed that air was the underlying
component of everything. Density and heat or cold change air so that it contracts or expands. For Anaximenes, the earth was
formed by such processes and is an air-made disk that floats on air above and below.

5. Parmenides
Parmenides of Elea in southern Italy was the founder of the Eleatic School. His own philosophy raised many impossibilities that later
philosophers worked on. He distrusted the evidence of the senses and argued that what is cannot have come into being from
nothing so it must always have been.

Chinese philosophers
Confucius was a Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn periodof Chinese history.His
followers competed successfully with many other schools during the Hundred Schools of Thought era only to be suppressed in favor
of the Legalists during the Qin Dynasty.
Laozi was a philosopher and poet of ancient China. He is best known as the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching[1] and the founder
of philosophical Taoism, but he is also revered as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions.
Menciuswas a Chinese philosopher who is the most famousConfucian after Confucius himself.
Han Fei also known as Han Feizi, was a Chinese philosopher who, along with Li Si,Gongsun Yang, Shen Dao and Shen Buhai,
developed the doctrine of Legalism.
Sun Tzu (/sundzu/;[2] also rendered as Sun Zi) was a Chinese military general, strategist, and philosopher who lived in the Spring
and Autumn period of ancient China. The name he is best known by is actually an honorific which means "Master Sun":

Pre socratic philosophers

Pythagoras is probably the best known of any of the names on this list. The theorem which bares his name was well-known in
Egypt long before his birth.
Democritus was perhaps the most successful of the ancient philosophers from a scientific standpoint, and yet he was largely
ignored in the ancient world.
Thales of Miletus is often credited with being the first systematic philosopher of the Western world. He was the first to reject
supernatural explanations and seek reasons behind events.
Heraclitus, also known as Heraclitus the Black, the Obscure, and the Weeping Philosopher for his negative outlook and mysterious
sayings.
Anaxagoras was the favorite philosopher of the Athenian leader Pericles. The age of Pericles is considered the golden age of
Athens and it was in this age that scientific philosophy flourished. Anaxagoras treated all events as scientifically explicable instead of
being caused by supernatural agents.

Filipino philosophers
Camilo O.Osias - He advocated that the educational system must contribute towards the achievement of the goals of education by
inculcating in the minds and hearts of the youth the value of preserving the patrimony of the country, promoting the general welfare
of the people.
Rafael Palma - Advocated academic freedom The teacher is not supposed to dramatize. He has no right to impose on his
students his theories or personal belief.

Jorge Bocobo - Filipino culture and tradition should be the basis of a truly Filipino education. He equated education with patriotism
and nationalism and believed that education is a means of preparing the individual for a democratic way of life.
Francisca Tirona Benitez - Epitomized the ideal woman she believed every Filipina should aspire to be: one who has successfully
combined the art of homemaking
Andres D. Bonifacio - A mans worth is not measured by his stations in life neither by the height of his nose nor the fairness of skin
and certainly not by whether he is a priest claiming to be Gods deputy.