Académique Documents
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CHAPTER SIX:
Statute Construed as Whole and in Relation to other Statutes
It should have one purpose and one intent; Construe its parts and section in connection with other parts
Optima Statuti Interpretatio est ipsum statutum - the best interpreter of a statute is the statute
itself
Do not inquire too much into the motives which influenced the legislative body unless the motive is stated
or disclosed in the statute themselves.
Aisporna v. CA
pointed out that words, clauses, phrases should not be studied as detached/isolated expressions
Consider every part in understanding the meaning of its part to produce a harmonious whole
Meaning of the law is borne in mind and not to be extracted from a single word
Most important: Every part of the statute must be interpreted with reference to the context
provisions because it is by this that the statute will be given effect as a whole.
RP v. CA
Issue: whether or not an appeal of cases involving just compensation should be made first by DARAB
before RTC under Sec. 57
RULING: SC said that the contention of the Republic and the Land Bank in the affirmative side has no
merit because although DARAB is granted a jurisdiction over agrarian reform matters, it does not have
jurisdiction over criminal cases.
Sajonas v. CA
Issue: what period an adverse claim annotated at the back of a transfer certificate effective?
RULING: In construing the law Sec. 70 of PD 1529 (adverse claim shall be effective for a period of 30
days from the date of the registration) care should be taken to make every part effective
Mejia v.Balalong
Issue: how to construe next general election in Sec. 88 of the City Charter of Dagupan City.
RULING: the phrase refers to the next general election after the city came into being and not the one
Uytengsu v Republic
Issue: whether the requirement the requirement for naturalization that the applicant will reside
continuously in the Philippines from the date of the filing of the petition up to the time of his admission to
Philippine citizenship refers to actual residence or merely to legal residence or domicile
RULING; such requirement refers to actual or physical residence because to construe it otherwise is to
render the clause a surplusage.
An applicant for naturalization must be actually residing in the Philippines from the filing of the petition
for naturalization to its determination by the court
Almeda v. Florentino
Law the municipal board shall have a secretary who shall be appointed by it to serve during the term of
office of the members thereof
Amendment the vice-mayor shall appoint all employees of the board who may be suspended or
removed in accordance with law
Construction of both Law and Amendment the power of the vice-mayor to make appointment pursuant
to the amendatory act is limited to the appointment of all employees of the board other than the board
secretary who is to be appointed by the board itself
unconstitutional? A: The construction that should be adopted should be the one that is constitutional and
the one that will render it invalid should be rejected.
The Court should favor the construction that gives a statute of surviving the test of constitutionality
The Court cannot in order to bring a statute within the fundamental law, amend it by construction
Taada v. Tuvera
This is the case regarding Art. 2 of the Civil Code especially the phrase unless otherwise provided.
One should understand that if the phrase refers to the publication itself it would violate the constitution
Lacson v. Roque
Issue: the phrase unless sooner removed of a statute that states the mayor shall hold office for four years
unless sooner removed
RULING: the court held that the phrase should be construed in relation to removal statutes. Thus the
phrase meant that although the mayor cannot be removed during his term of office, once he violates those
that are stated in removal statutes.
King v. Hernaez
Relation of RA 1180 (Retail Trade Nationalization Act) to Commonwealth Act 108 (Anti Dummy Law)
Dialdas v. Percides
Facts: a alien who operated a retail store in Cebu decided to close his Cebu store and transfer it to
Dumaguete. RTL (retail trade law) and Tax Code Sec. 199 were the statutes taken into consideration in
this case. The former authorizes any alien who on May 15, 1954 is actually engaged in retail, to continue to
engage therein until his voluntary retirement from such business, but not to establish or open additional
stores for retail business. The latter provides that any business for which the privilege tax has been paid
may be removed and continued in any other place without payment of additional tax.
Issue: whether the transfer by the alien from Cebu to Dumaguete can be considered as a voluntary
retirement from business.
RULING: No. Although the trial court affirmed the question, the SC ruled otherwise stating that RTC
overlooked the clear provision of Sec. 199.
breakages derived from all races should be distributed and allocated in accordance with Executive Orders
because no law should be viewed in isolation.
Reference statutes
A statute which refers to other statutes and makes them applicable to the subject of legislation
Used to avoid encumbering the statute books of unnecessary repetition
Supplemental statutes
Intended to supply deficiencies in existing statutes
Reenacted statutes
Statute which reenacts a previous statute or provision.
Montelibano v. Ferrer
Issue: application of Sec. 3 fo the City Charter of Manila is valid in the criminal complaint directly file by
an offended party in the city court of Bacolod?
RULING: The court ruled that the criminal complaint filed directly by the offended party is invalid and it
ordered the city court to dismiss it. The provisions of the City Charter of Manila Bacolod on the same
subject are identically worded, hence they should receive the same construction.