Johnson K.

Gaos brief autography

(August 7, 2015)

Johnson K. Gao, used name: Kuixiong Gao (Chinese name , Gao Kui-Xiong) US citizen born in May 3, 1937, Shanghai, China, married to Catherine W. Gao
(Chinese name , Wei Cheng, or US name calling Cheng Wei, US citizen born in
October 29, 1939, Shanghai, China). He is a multi-talented renaissance man. His wife is
a senior biochemist in cancer nucleic acid research and genetic engineering/cloning.
They have two sons. Johnson K. Gao is a research professor in Cell Biology and
Immunocytochemistry (with numerous research articles and scientific books published),
an artist (with wide range of art pieces published) and an amateur music composer (with
several CDs and single music tracks published).
His scientific achievements include more than forty scientific research articles on
different research projects and six books. He used the name Kuixiong Gao for most of
his scientific publications. That name was listed in the American men & women of
Science(1) since 1992. His scientific endeavor covers broad areas, including embryonic
induction of lens by presumptive retina in frog, muscle biochemistry, molecular
structure of neuro-muscular junction, liver enzymes in relation to diabetes, mechanism
of action of herbal contraceptives and hormonal metabolism, the role of growth factor
in embryonic development, membrane bio-genesis, etc. His research papers had been
requested by more than two hundred laboratories all over the world.
He studied in the Department of Zoology, specialty in Tissue and Embryonic
Development at the Nanjing University from 1957~1962 for his BS and MS degrees. As
for Biochemistry was concerned, he felt a little bit proud that Prof. Zheng Ji () had
been his teacher, who edited the textbook of Biochemistry, which had been used by
most universities at that time. Prof. Zheng lived the longest life (110 years of age)
among all Chinese professors. When he was a student experimental embryologist, he
created many three-eyed tadpoles in 1961. His supervisor was Prof. Wang Xi-cheng (
), who had been the only directly supervised Chinese student of the Nobel Prize
winner of 1935 in Physiology or Medicine - Hans Spemann. (2) Prof. Wang learned the
lens induction micro-operation technique from Spemann and he taught that skill to
Johnson K. Gao. In preparing his master's degree thesis on lens induction by
presumptive retina, he used a vital stain of embryo with Nile blue dye (3) as a marker,
which was kindly given by the top famous Chinese biologist - Prof. Tong Di-zhou (
).(4) He used dioxin to replace alcohol and xylene in paraffin microscopic slide
preparation and he successfully preserved the dye color in the section. Due to that a
result Gao got a special handwriting congratulation letter from Prof. Tong, because

Tongs research group had tried the same Nile blue dye many times in amphioxus
embryo experiments without success in retaining the dye color in paraffin sections.
Then, he entered the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai in 1962, pursuing a Ph.
D. degree in Immunology and Experimental Embryology under the advisor of Prof.
Zhuang Xiao-hui ( ) - the Director of the Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology.
Meantime he learned the muscle protein purification technique in Prof. Cao Tian-qin's
( ) lab(5) in the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry. He also studied the
Immunology in a newly established lab headed by Dr. Huang Yong-an ( ), who
came from Pasteur Institute, Paris, France(6) to Chinese Academy in Shanghai.
When he worked at a time as a micro-analytical biochemist, he established a gas liquid
chromatographic method that can detect prostaglandins at sub nanogram (one billionth
of a gram) level with electron capture detector to study the mechanism of action of
herbal medicine. The work was published in 1979. It is worthy to be mentioned that his
classmate Kuo-Chen Chou ( , same Nanjing University, but, different
department) had encouraged him to pay attention to the Quantum Chemistry and to join
Shanghai Quantum Chemistry discussion group activities during late 1970s, when they
were both in the Chinese Academy in Shanghai. He had the great privilege to read
Chou's creative article on enzyme kinetic speed calculation before it was published on
Sciencia Sinica around 1976. After he read Chou's outstanding manuscript, he predicted
that Chou would get world wide famous in the future. And his prediction went true that
now Prof. Chou, K. C. becomes an authority in computational enzymology and bioinformation. And they still keep touch on various things. Later, as a microscopist and
microphotographer, he invented the silanated water-soluble amino plastic for electron
microscopy to observe lipoprotein molecules in membrane bio-genesis. (7-11) When the
president of Carnegie Institution of Washington - James D. Ebert visited the Shanghai
Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, around 1982, Dr. Gao showed
him his high magnification pseudo-color electron micrographs to verify the lipovitellin
molecules of yolk platelet in relation to the biosynthesis of newly formed membrane in
the first cleavage of frog egg, Ebert was very exited when he saw those computerized
EM color photo prints, because those images could be the first batch of pseudo-color
EM photos in the world.
After that meeting when Ebert went back to USA, he twice mailed his annual President
report of Carnegie Institution to Dr. Gao. It was truly an honor to a young scientist.
In 1984 he was invited as a visiting assistant professor in Biochemistry to USA to do
research work at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK). At that time most of
mainland Chinese people coming to USA were students to attend in universities, to be
invited as a visiting professor who did not have received any US education, was very

rare around 1984. Through 48 different experiments, he invented the solid-core

liposome for drug delivery in 1985. The word - "solid core liposome" was first
introduced to the audience by Dr. Gao in his presentation held just on the Day of
Chinese Mid Autumn Moon festival that year. Then, he published an article as the first
author of Solid core liposomes with encapsulated colloidal gold particles. (12) It was
actually a gold nano-technology before the terminology "nanotech" becomes widely
used/accepted as of today. Due to his unique preparation method of colloidal gold, Prof.
Hayat M. S. invited Dr. Gao to contribute a chapter in his book on colloidal gold. Based
on his solid core liposome invention, UTK had applied a patent for that technique.
Then, Dr. Gao moved to UNC-Chapel Hill to do neuro-muscular junction research in
1986. In the beginning, the original lab-head at UTK called him and confirmed that Dr.
Gao was the primary inventor of nanogold solid core liposome. That guy further twice
shipped the chemicals to Dr. Gao (at UNC) and asked him to produce two batches of
nanogold-agarose-gelatin microbeads (the main material for making solid core
liposome) for them. Dr. Gao finished that job on time and mailed products back to
UTK. However, later on, he found that the man had cheated and removed out Kuixiong
Gaos name from the patent application without good reason. That seemed unlawful. As
a consequence to express his angry, Dr. Gao decided not to offer his Know-HowKnowledge and assistantship related to that patent anymore. Having no real knowledge
about preparing solid core liposome, that cheating person finally ran into legal troubles
with his investors and he left UTK.
During late 1980s and early 1990s, Dr. Gao contributed something special in
neuroscience (At UNC)(13,14) and diabetes research (When he worked at University of
Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH). He had developed a procedure using
epipolarization microscopy and immunogold silver staining (IGSS) to localize
carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in liver cells at sub-cellular level. He invented a
new method using polyethylene glycol as a water-soluble embedment for preparation of
microscopic slides of tissue sections in 1990. (15) That method, using PEG and water to
replace wax and organic solvents, is an alternative and a better method than the centuryold paraffin section method for immunostaining and also for environmental protection.
The 5~7 micron IGSS section has to be further embedded in a dental resin and cut to 20
pieces of semithin section. He was one of the pioneers using immunogold silver stainepipolarization microscopic detection and image processing method that bridged the
gap between light microscopy and electron microscopy for macro molecule localization
within cells.(16-18) He was invited second time by Prof. Hayat, M. S. to contribute a
chapter to his book. "Colloidal Gold Silver Stain: Principles, Methods, and
Applications"(19) One of his colorful and high resolution IGSS and epipolarization
micrograph of enzyme sub-cellular localization photos was selected as a front cover by

the Journal of Microscopy Society of America - JMSA. (20) The text part was published
in the following issue of JMSA.(21) His co-worker and lab head - Dr. Cardell R. R. had
been the President of Microscopy Society of America in 1995. Based on his finding at
molecular level in study of glycogen synthesis and decomposition plus his knowledge
in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Dr. Gao proposed a new hypothesis, which
could explain the more fundamental cause of diabetes type 2, and he suggested to use
TCM to cure that disease, in stead of using insulin alone, (22) especially when patients are
insulin resistant.
Like other advanced hypothesis, it may need to wait 5~10 years before most physicians
and pharmaceutical industry would accept his idea in paying more attention to liver
health and carbohydrate-metabolizing enzyme balancing in hepatocytes for curing
diabetes mellitus type 2.(23) An early response to his new hypothesis was that a
prominent TCM doctor, who was quite famous and successful in curing diabetes with
herbs and acupuncture, said that Dr. Gao's article is the theoretical base of his years
practice - i.e. to enhance liver and kidney function for diabetic patients. And he wanted
to see Dr. Gao and he flew from China to visit Dr. Gao's home in Dallas, Texas, USA.
In 2002, Dr. Gao was invited as a visiting professor by Prof. Anold de Loof of the
Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium,(24, 25) (From 1994 till 1998 Prof. De Loof was
the President of the European Society for Comparative Endocrinologists.) to do some
research project, chiefly to make demonstration and teach his Ph. D. students how to
run the PEG water-soluble embedding and sectioning method in an attempt to help them
to solve their difficulty in showing insect growth hormone with immunocytochemistry.
He made a demonstration to them with his technique and the experiment concluded that
the albino locust is not because that they are lacking of pigment granules. But, they
have no hormone or mechanism to pump out pigments to the surface skin. In 2004 Dr.
Gao and his wife were invited by an advanced cosmetics product company in Shanghai
to give demonstration on how to prepare polypeptide coated nano-gold-agarose-gelatin
microbeads and to increase the efficiency of drug delivery into cultured epithelium
cells. They used the lab facilities in the Shanghai Institute of Physiology and the ultracentrifuge equipment was offered by Chinese Academy in Shanghai. The electron
microscopic photos showed that the experiment was very successful. In 2005 Dr. Gao
and his wife were invited by their old friend Prof. Zhang Yong-lian (), the Head
of Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and
Cell Biology(26) to give a lecture on Dr. Gao's water-soluble PEG embedding method,
IGSS and epipolarization microscopy technique, nano-gold solid core liposome, etc.
They also discussed the possible utilization of those methods to enhance Prof. Chang's
research group work. In 2009 Dr. Gao and his wife were invited by the Yangtze River

delta area science and technology development forum and they visited many cities
around Shanghai. They also made a side visit to their old friend Prof. Xu Zhi-hong (
), - a botanist and the former President of Beijing (Peking) University. Prof. Xu
was also a former Vice-President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. On that meeting
in Xu's house located in the West Jian Guo Road, Xu Jia Hui district. Prof. Xu and Prof.
Gao discussed many things for hours on life and science. Since Prof. Xu was the
president of a quite famous University that time, Prof. Gao expressed his "Open the
door to see the mountain" ( ) - "Straight opinion". He said that the current
educational system of the world over could have some common illness. It needs to have
a drastic change, or, even an educational revolution to adept to the computer age, which
has been changing the world knowledge and information structure. The old time "rote
learning" () and "stuffing the duck style" () of education is out of date,
which constitute divesting the students (); the time duration on college study
is too long, that wastes the most creative time of a man - the golden age between 22~28
years of age in a man's life. In the computer age, the knowledge and information are
overflowing. The web and TV course can offer similar or even better class than the
class on Harvard University campus. As was observed by Dr. Gao that to the majority of
students, about half of courses what they had studied in the classroon could never be
used in their future career. The "rote learning" () and "stuffing the duck style"
() of education increase the financial (loan) burden () of students after
graduation; It is better to teach student how to obtain useful knowledge on the web
quickly, instead of forcing them to store not-so-useful knowledge in their brain. Thus, it
could greatly save of educational time. More importantly, most of universities and
political leaders are currently only emphasizing in patriotism education. But, they forget
to teach students to consider the whole mankind's benefits. Many things or factors that
are threatening the existence of whole human being could not be solved by one nation,
or, based on the patriotism and nationalism. A good university needs to teach students
with globalism (globism), or, Homo Sapiensism. A similar opinion of their talk is also
shown on a short video produced by Dr. Gao recently.(27)
As an artist, he published his drawing A Lonely Hut ( , Mao Wu) in a
childrens journal ( , Xiao Peng You) when he was thirteen years of age.
Then, he learnt the basic painting skill from his high school art teacher Mr. Zhang BeiLu (), who was a master in oil painting. In the late 1950s when he was at the
Nanjing University, he became a student of Prof. Li Jian-Chen (), who was the
top famous artist in watercolor painting in China and the author of the book:
, Shuicaihua Jifa (Skills in Watercolor Paintings). Prof. Li lived over a hundred
years and was known as the father of watercolor of China. During the same time period,
he self-studied other drawing techniques through a thick book: Drawing with Pen and

Ink Brush. The art image of A House with very fine lines was his practice with pen
and ink during that period of time. (27) He began to publish his arts, chiefly birds and
animals, as illustrations for biological books written by his university professors. He
practiced his first oil painting along 1960. It was a portrait of his college classmate, Mr.
William Lu (Chinese name , Lu Wei-Cheng or , Fang Mian-Shui), who is
a Canadian biologist/artist born in Hongzhou, China. He also learnt the skill of Chinese
ink-brush quick painting over rice paper to paint swimming shrimps vividly. That was a
unique style created by the great Chinese art master, Mr. Qi Bei-Shi ().
One of his Chinese ink-brush paintings of swimming shrimp was published in the
Phoenix journal of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in the fall issue of 1990. A
few pieces of shrimps were included in the album. (28, 29) He developed his oil painting
style by studying the essence from great art pieces from different time period in
worldwide famous palaces and museums. He made many global trips, including six
times to Europe. He had visited many palaces, such that Louvre, Versailles,
Fountainebleau, and others in Vienna, Madrid, Venice, Rome, Innsbruck, Geneva,
Prague, Budapest, the fantasy castle Neuschwanstein in Bavaria, Germany, and
various castles in England, Scotland, Germany and Belgium. He also visited St.
Petersburg and Moscow in Russia. All of those trips led to the broadening of his view
and increasing his ability in art appreciation. Besides, he also visited Hawaii, Caribbean
islands, Australia and New Zealand, the Great Wall and the Forbidden City in China,
Kings palace in Thailand, etc. All of those experiences helped him tremendously in his
artistic creation. His serial paintings with his son Raymond Gao titled Seas of the
World were based on those travels. That was part of his fulfillment of a Chinese motto:
"" (In order to seek true knowledge, one has to
read ten thousand volumes of book and walk on feet for five thousand of kilometers).
Gao combined the science and NanoArt(30, 31) together. It was Johnson Gao who
produced the worlds first pseudo-color electron microphotograph early in 1983, which
can show 75 lipoprotein molecules at a magnification x1,100,000. At such a
magnification a rapeseed can be enlarged to the size of a stadium. That is a nano-art
piece before the word NanoArt was created. One pseudocolor EM photo was collected
in the Catherine Gao edited album. Another microphotograph had won the
immunohistochemistry photo contest in 1996 held by Sigma Chemical Company.
Some economic professor said that the stock prices are un-predictable. Dr. Gao did not
very much believe in it. After six years' painstaking research he invented the Gaos
Equation for stock prediction in 2000. That equation has four terms: $n+x = n$d + $x +
n$v. The term $n+x denotes the stock price under prediction at the time unit n+x, which
could be the next week, or, the next day, or, even the next hour, etc. That equation is

based on his dynamic balancing theory of moving average. And he published the book:
Prediction of Stock with Gaos Equation.(32) One of the original copy was sent to the
National Library of France; Another copy was sent to the Library of Congress.
Furthermore, he invented a stock forecast sliding ruler. The colorful stock predictionsliding ruler can be seen in page 21 of Catherine Gao edited book. He hoped that the
principle of Gao's stock prediction sliding ruler can be incorporated into a new cellular
phone for easy use in the future.
Among all of his publications he would like to say that the book - The Wonder of
Cultured Cells - Super Selfish: (A Critical Argument with Karl Marx) (33) is his most
important work, with a unique microphotograph of the internalization of protein-coated
nanogold concentrated agarose-gelatin microbeads, which is a wonder of cultured cells
shown by him experimentally with a unique microphotograph that the full cell body
was stuffed with those nanogold-agarose-gelatin microbeads, perhaps no one in the
world besides himself, even those famous Nobel Prize winners as he believed, had ever
experimentally shown the similar image before his announcement. That was a
discovery, which could have prominent inference to the mankind, and he analyzed the
co-relationship between membrane bio-synthesis gene and selfish gene. And with
several up-grades of selfishness, he explained the meaning/contribution of selfish gene
in evolution, and he also claimed the urgent importance to promote Homo Sapiensism,
which is a higher rank than patriotism for the whole human being in society evolution.
The human society evolution could be concisely described in Dr. Gao's words as that it
starts from "Individualism" (i.e. Put the individual's benefit to the highest position) and
it develops into "Familism" (i.e. Put the family's common benefit to the higher position
than individual family members' benefit, and each single member will sacrifice personal
benefit or even gives out his/her life for fighting with the natural force or invader that
could cause the perishing of that family), then to "Tribism" (i.e. Put the tribe's benefit to
the higher position than families' and individuals' benefit and each single
member/family will sacrifice personal benefit or even gives out his/her life for fighting
with the natural force or invader that could cause the perishing of that tribe), to
"Kingdomism" (i.e. Put the kingdom's benefit to the higher position than tribes',
families' and individuals' benefit and each single member/family/tribe will sacrifice
personal benefit or even gives out his/her life for fighting with the natural force or
invader that could cause the perishing of that kingdom), to "Nationalism (Patriotism)"
(i.e. Put the national benefit to the higher position than states', tribes', families' and
individuals' benefit and each single member/family/tribe/state will sacrifice personal
benefit or even gives out his/her life for fighting with the natural force or invader that
could cause the perishing of that nation), finally to "Homo Sapiensism (or, Globism or
Earthism)" (i.e. Put the whole human being's benefit to the highest position above all

nations', tribes', families' and individuals' benefit and each single

member/family/tribe/nation will sacrifice personal benefit or even gives out his/her life
for fighting with the natural force or outer space invader that could cause the
extinguishing of the mankind). In the final analysis, the core of each level is still
controlled by selfish gene, but it is expressed at enlarged or up-graded scales of
selfishness. Sun Yetsam's "" [meaning: (Everything) under the heaven (shall
consider first) for (the benefit of the) public (or, for the people)] is actually for the upgraded selfishness, because public (people) is consists of many individuals. To the top
high level of public of human society, it is "Homo Sapiensism", or, "Globism", It is still
belong to the human's selfishness. That is whole human being's selfishness, not cow's,
horse's, fishe's, rice's, wheat's, etc., (all life forms of human's foods') benefits. The two
slogans will co-existence. "Long Live Homo Sapiensism!" and "Long Live
Selfishness!"
According to a reliable and most acceptable philosophy, every thing must have its
beginning and its end, i.e. its birth and its death. The human being as a biological
species must have its Doom's Day. The human being is now facing two major threats.
Unfortunately, they are both caused by human being's own activities. The first
threatening is the global pollution, which is caused by industry wastes resulting in the
global warming, bad weather and raised ocean level. The original aim of all industries,
including automobile, airplane, TV, computer, textile, steel manufacturing, energy
producer, variety of entertainment facilities, etc. is for a better life. However, the
overdevelopment of industry will finally go to its apposite, i.e. to destroy life and lose
all entertainments. The second threatening is the slow but very successful reproduction
mechanism of human being. Superficially to see, in compared with corn, rapeseed,
dandelion, fish, pig, hen, bee, fly, and so forth, the possibility of off-spring yield in
human being is quite low. However, the survival rate of human infant is much higher
than other species. The original aim of reproduction of human being is to get superiority
growth of human species in the natural selection. Regrettably, the over-population of
human being will cause the result that the total weight of human being could equal to
the weight of whole Earth itself. At that time human being will become an endangered
species, not because of its less in quantity, but its over population. That will lead to the
Doom's Day of human being to come, and verify the true philosophy that everything
has its end. Dr. Gao had proposed a sister equation to the famous Einstein equation (34) E
= mC2 in the above-mentioned book edited by Catherine Gao and in Gao's "An open
letter to Nobel Prize winners and political leaders of various nations" (35) , in which he
predicted with the equation E = 7B2 44 that the Doom's Day (Year) could be A. D. 3552,
if the exponential growth rate of human population is not correctly managed and the
basic materials needed beyond the resources that the earth can supply. Furthermore, his

book raised questions below: What is the selfish gene? Why selfishness is related to the
formation of cell membrane? What is the significance of selfishness in evolution? Why
the selfish gene will long survive? How selfishness may enlarge and up-graded from
individual size to the national size? Why A. D. 3552 could be the year that the total
weight of human being will equal to the weight of the Earth?
Dr. Gao loves music. He can play Chinese violin from his childhood. Due to the need
of song-writing for inter-class drama competition when he was in the high school, he
self-studied the music composition theory for two summer vacations. Almost every day
by tram plus walk he came to the Shanghai People's Central Library to read Ding Shande () edited music composition theory, because that was a college level music
composition theory book and it was not allowed to be carried out from the library. Then,
he continued his song writing at the university, although his major was experimentaldevelopmental biology. Then, due to the heavy professional research work in science,
he could not spend too much time on song writing, until he was retired from university.
He followed the instruction of software to compose music on computer, such that
Sibelius(36) and other software song-writing tools. With the aid of a set of computer he
can establish his own band and to be the conductor himself to express the emotion of
performance. Through eight years practice and hard work, he had published many song
tracks and he posted them on the web like cdbaby.com, Apple.com/itunes,
Amazon.com, etc.(37, 38) Some sites are for free downloading. His "Welcome Song", (39)
"Olympic Marching Song",(40) "Paris and Loire Valley (Romantic Night Along the Eiffel
Tower)",(41) "Suzhou - the Eastern Venice", "Blue Hong Kong Waltz" in a harbor music
CD(42) were quite popular and were downloaded by many music lovers. Music sheet
book for "Olympic Marching Songs",(43) "Mothers' Day Song",)(44,45) "Fathers' Day
Song",(46) "The Autumn Fog",(47, 48) "Blame War Waltz",(49) etc. are also available to the
public. It could be expected that his name in music will surpass his name in science in
the future.
Besides, he had published Singlish (simplified English)(50) as a universal language and
PinYin Shorthand.(51) People may ask Dr. Gao - "Where does your energy come from,
and let you do so many things?" His answer is simple - "To learn from the spirit of Da
Vinci"(52) and believe in that - Genius is the twin brother of Diligence". His 28 Chinese
character poem "Stone Song" could also be quoted here.
The English meaning should be like
that - "I am a huge chunk of stone from the blue mountain. Becoming a lovely jade
piece was not my dream. Only those who could withstand thousands strokes by a great
master, it may turn out a giant stature, that could exist for many generations."

References
1.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Men_and_Women_of_Science

2.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Spemann

3.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile_blue

4.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong_Dizhou

5.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13238-010-0074-2#page-1

6.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute

7.

http://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/found.htm?key_author=GAO+KUI-XIONG+ZHOU+MEI-YUN

8.

Gao Kuixiong, Ku Kuo-yen, Acta Biologiae Experimentalis Sinica, 16,325-337, 1983.

9.

Kuixiong Gao, et.al. Acta Biologiae Experimentalis Sinica,18,13-23, 1985.

10. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SWSB198201007.htm
11. https://www.scribd.com/doc/153972677/A-Mini-Review-of-Water-Soluble-Aminoplastic-Resin-for-Electron-Microscopy
12. Gao, K. X. and Huang L. 1987. Solid core lipsomes with encapsulated colloidal gold particles. Biochem, Biophys. Acta,
897,377-383.
13. Sealock, R. , Butler, M. H., Kramarcy, N. R., Gao, K. X. , Murnane, A. A., Douville, K. and Froehner, S.C. 1991.
Localization of dystrophin relative to acetylcholine receptor domains in electric tissue and adult and cultured skeletal
muscle. J. Cell Biol. 113(5):1133-1144.
14. Peng, H. B., Gao, K. X., Xie, M. Z. and Zhao, D. Y. 1988. Development of acetylcholinesterase induced by basic
polypeptide-coated latex beads in cultured Xenopus muscle cells. Develop. Biol., 127, 452-455.
15. Gao, K. X. and Godkin, J. D. 1990. A new method for transfer of polyethelene glycol-embedded tissue sections to silanated
slides for immunohistochemistry. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 39(4):537-540.
16. Gao, K. X., Morris, R. E., Giffin, B. F. and Cardell, R. R. 1993. Immunogold-silver staining and epipolarized light
microscopic detection of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycogen phosphorylase in rat liver. Histochemistry,
99:341-346.
17. Gao, K. X. and Cardell, E. L. 1994. Pseudocolor image processing of PEPCK subcellular distribution in rat hepatocytes
shown with IGSS and epipolarization microscopy. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 42:1651-1653.
18. Gao, K. X., Giffin, B. F. , Morris, R. E. , Cardell, E. L. and Cardell, R. R. 1994. Optimal visualization of immunogoldsilver staining of hepatic PEPCK with epipolarized light microscopy. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 42:823-826.
19. Gao, K. X. and Gao, A. W. Increased sensitivity for detection of immunogold-silver stain with epipolarization microscopy.
In Hayat, M. A. ed. "Colloidal Gold Silver Stain: Principles, Methods, and Applications". CRC press. Boca Raton, FA,
1995.
20. Gao, K. X. and Cardell, R. R. 1995. The front cover of color microphotograph on JMSA 1(3).

21. Gao, K. X. and Cardell, R. R. 1995. JMSA 1:4 ,151-161, 1995.

22. http://www.omjournal.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Store_Code=omjournal&Screen=PROD&Product_Code=011-3
23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2
24. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Leuven_(1834%E2%80%931968)
25. http://www.thethirdwayofevolution.com/people/view/arnold-de-loof
26. http://www.sibcb.ac.cn/ePI.asp?id=7
27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OV1f_UM1Kek
28. http://www.amazon.com/Johnson-K-Gao-Renaissance-type-Today/dp/1312350342
29. https://books.google.com/books?
id=mOf_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=a+renaissance+type+of+men+johnson+gao&source=bl&ots=cBRDwQ_Zrt
&sig=3gh_O9Z2j2X4EqqaJMw2txf0NtY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAGoVChMIzLzkmoqNxgIViwOSCh3ZuAAg
#v=onepage&q=a%20renaissance%20type%20of%20men%20johnson%20gao&f=false
30. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoart
31. http://nanoart21.org/nanoart-exhibitions/thumbnails.php?album=search&type=full&search=johnson+gao
32. http://www.amazon.com/Prediction-Stocks-Gaos-Equation-Johnson/dp/1411615751
33. http://www.amazon.com/The-Wonder-Cultured-Cells-Super-Selfish/dp/1462699936
34. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
35. https://www.scribd.com/doc/143698893/An-Open-Letter-to-Nobel-Prize-Winners-and-Political-Leaders-of-VariousNations
36. http://www.sibelius.com/home/index_flash.html
37. http://cdbaby.com/all/huanying
38. http://soundcloud.com/johnson-k-gao
39. http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/johnsongao
40. http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/johnsongao3
41. http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/johnsongao17
42. http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/johnsongao4
43. http://www.amazon.com/Gaos-Music-Olympic-Games-Johnson/dp/0615209890
44. https://www.scribd.com/doc/221966703/Mother-s-Day-Song

45. https://www.scribd.com/doc/222357243/Mother-s-Day-Song-in-Chinese
46. https://www.scribd.com/doc/225503862/Father-s-Day-Song
47. https://www.scribd.com/doc/245378535/English-Version-of-the-Music-Sheet-of-The-Song-of-Autumn-Fog,
48. https://www.scribd.com/doc/234697590/Music-Sheet-of-Song-of-Autumn-Fog
49. https://soundcloud.com/johnson-k-gao/johnson-gao-wondering-along-a
50. http://www.amazon.com/Singlish-Declaration-Universal-Language-Simplified/dp/146269635X/ref=sr_1_32?
ie=UTF8&qid=1434257828&sr=8-32&keywords=Johnson+Gao
51. http://www.lulu.com/shop/johnson-gao-jack-sun/pinyin-shorthand-a-bilingual-handbook-bw/paperback/product274020.html
52. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci

This is a photo of Johnson K. Gao in Washington DC in 1994.

Catherine W. Gao's portrait.

J. K. Gao and C. W. Gao in sugar beach, Alabama, 1985.

Mr. and Mrs, Gao, a trip to Atlanta and stopped in Trio City - Chattanooga in 1991.

Mr. and Mrs. Gao in Rockingham drive, Knoxville, TN, when the Dogwood tree was blossom in front of their house.

Frog egg yolk platelet, electron micrograph, pseudocolor treated, showing lipovitellin molecules. x1,1000,000.

During 1983 J. K. Gao invented the aminoplastic water-soluble EM embedding medium, then he
used silylating agent to turn the sample into hydrophobic for easy thin-sectioning, with that method
he preserved lipid in the newly formed membrane at the first cleavage of frog egg. After he got the
negative EM image, it was then transferred to pseudo-color image to show the lipid molecule
clearly, which might be the first color EM picture in the world.

IGSS of PEPCK in hepatocyte, which led J. K. Gao propose the new hypothesis of liver originated diabetes.

Internalization of protein coated agarose-gelatine microbeads (in purple color) by cultured cells. That
image provides the evidence of the existence of selfish gene and greedy gene. The photo was used in J.
K. Gaos book The wonder of cultured cells - super selfish: A critical argument with Karl Marx
(ISBN 9781462699933).

A little house (rescanned from photo print of pen and ink drawing)

This is a Chinese ink brush painting on rice paper by Johnson K. Gao

according to the famous Chinese art master Qi Bai-shi' style.

Orchid and A Grasshopper

Johnson Gaos painting for his son Alvins 20th birthday, with calligraphy by Alvins grandfather Z. J. Wei.

Gao's Stock Ruler

Calligraphy of Song of Autumn Fog.

Stone Song - A poem with 28 Chinese characters.