2016

WORKBOOK
Detailed Explanations of

Try Yourself Questions

Electrical Engineering
Electromagnetic Theory

Static Electromagnetic Fields

T1 : Solution
Consider the coaxial cone of figure, where the gap serves as an insulator between the two conducting
cones. Here V depends only on , so Laplaces equation coordinates becomes
2 V =

1
d
dV
=0
sin

d
r sin d
2

z
Vo

1
2

Gap
Potential V() due to conducting cones.

Since r = 0 and = 0, are excluded, we can multiply by r 2 sin to get

d
dV
=0
sin
d
d
Integrating once gives
sin

or

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dV
=A
d
dV
A
=
d
sin
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Integrating this results in

V = A

d
d
1/ 2 sec2 / 2 d
d (tan / 2)
=A
= A
=
sin
2cos / 2 sin / 2
tan / 2
tan / 2

= Aln(tan /2) + B
We now apply the boundary conditions to determine the integration constants A and B.
V ( = 1) = 0 0 = A ln (tan 1/2) + B
or
B = A ln (tan 1/2)

tan / 2
V = Al n

tan 1 / 2

Hence

tan 2 / 2
V ( = 2) = Vo Vo = A ln

tan 1 / 2

Also

Vo
tan 2 / 2
ln

tan 1 / 2

or

A=

Thus,

tan / 2
Vo l n

tan 1 / 2
V=
tan 2 / 2
ln

tan 1 / 2

E = V =

1 dV
A
a =
a =
r d
r sin

Vo
a
tan 2 / 2
r sin l n

tan 1 / 2

Taking 1 = /10, 2 = /6, and Vo = 50 gives

tan / 2
50l n

tan / 20 = 95.1 l n tan / 2 V

V=
0.1584
tan /12

ln

tan
/
20

E=

95.1
a V/m
r sin

T2 : Solution

uuur
dl1
uuur
d l2
uuur
d l3

d a

d a$

d a

3
90
0

ur uur
E
d l

=
Copyright

/2

4 sin a$ d a$

+
=0

x
1

+ 4 sin $ d a$

4 sin a$ d a$
=1

= 90

4
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Electrical Engineering Electromagnetic Theory

T3 : Solution
r
E at (3, 2, 1) due to 10 C/m2 is

r
E due to 20 C/m2 is

10
10 x
s
( x) =
n =
2 0
2 0
2 0
20
20 $
s
(
z
n =
z$ ) =
2 0
2 0
2 0
r
5 x 10 $
5

z =
( x 2z ) V/m
E =
0 0
0

Total,
T4 : Solution

ur
E 1 = x$ + 2y$ 2z$
Tangential components are continuous across the boundary ie
ur
ur
E 1tan = E 2 tan
ur
$
$

E 2 = x + 2y + E 2z z
Normal components are continuous
D1z = D2z

11z = 2 2z

2.(2) = 4 E2z

E 2z = 1

ur
E 2 = x$ + 2y$ z$ V/m

T5 : Solution

r ur
ur
$
$ $
F = I (L B) = 10 (2z 0.02(y x))
ur
F
= 0.2 ( z$ (y$ x$ ) ) = 0.2 ( x$ ) 0.2 ( y$ )
L

= 0.2 ( x$ + y$ ) N/m

T6 : Solution
Let,
+
V2

+
V1

r = 3, E2, D2
20 V
r = 2, E1, D1

d = 1 cm
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A = 100 cm2
From boundary conditions,
D1 = D2

2 0E1 = 3 0E2

Also

E2 =

2
E1
3

V2 + V1 = 20 V
E2 d + E1 d = 20 V
2

E1 + E1 d = 20
3

E1 =

20
3
= 2000 = 1200 V/m
5
5
d
3

D1 = D2 = 2 0 E1 = 21.2 nC/m2
T7 : Solution

Jc = Jd

0r =

r =

2f 0

10
2 90 10 8.852 10 12
1
1000 = 1.998 2
=
2 9 8.852

r =

T8 : Solution

= tan2 = tan 60 = 1.732

= 240 =

1
2 4

1 +

120

(1 + 3)

1
4

r =

Complex permittivity

10 9

1.234
(1 j 1.732)
c = 1 j
=

36

= 1.234

= (10.91 j18.9) 1012 F/m

x = 10.91
y = 18.9

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Electromagnetic Waves
Propagation

T1 : Solution
We know that
for wave number K =
is propagation constant.

but for metals

j ( + j )

j j (/j +1)

>> 1

j j

45

(1 + j )
2

K = =

Intrinsic impedance =

(1 + j )
2

(1 j )
2

E
j
= =
H
+ j

In the case of a good conductor (metal)

metal =

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j
=

45 =

(1 + j )
2

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T2 : Solution
= tan (2 )

Loss tangent
Given

= 130 + j 75 = 150 30
=

tan (60) =

T3 : Solution
r
E = 10cos(4 108 t z ) x

r
B
E =
t

y
x

x
y

10cos(4 108 t z ) 0
=

10 cos(4 108 t z ) y
z

B
= 10 sin(4 10 t z ) y =
t
8

r
B =

10 sin(4 10 t z) y dt

10
4 108

cos(4 108 t z ) y

= 2.5 108 cos(4 108 t z ) y

= 2.5 108 cos(4 108 t (z + 1)) y
T4 : Solution
HT
Hi

21
= + =
1
2

4
2 120
=
3
120
120 +
2

4 Ei
.
cos (1010 t z ) y$
3 120
64
cos 1010 t z y$ = 169.8 cos 1010 t z y$ mA/m
=
120

HT =

T5 : Solution
= 0.01, = 2
, are always positive in lossy medium.

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= + j = 0.01 + j2 (m1)
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Electrical Engineering Electromagnetic Theory

T6 : Solution
Given,

r
2 A
K =
0 m
r
Wb
B2 = 6 x + 4z 2
m

Let,

r
Wb
B1 = B1x x + B1y y + B1z z 2
m

From boundary conditions, normal components of B are continuous i.e.

B1n = B2n

B 1z = 4
r
r
A
1
B2
[6 x + 4z ]
Now,
=
H2 =
4 0
m
2

r
r
B1
=
H1 =
1

1
A
B1x x + B1y y + B1z z
6 0
m

Again from boundary conditions,

r
r
(H1 H2 ) n12 = Kr
r r
r
r
r

H1 n12 = H 2 n12 + K
1
1
2
B1x ( y ) + B1y ( x) =
[6( y )] + y
6 0
4 0
0
equating terms on both sides
1
1
2

B1x =
(6) +
6 0
4 0
0

B1x = 9 12 = 3

(n12 = z )

r
B1 = 3 x + 4z Wb/m2

T7 : Solution
Medium (1) : Dielectric (c = 4), 1
Medium (2) : Air, 2
wave from the dielectric enters free space
So,

2 1
= + =
2
1

1 2
1 + 2

2 1
1
=
2 +1
3

Power density for z > 0 (free space) is

Pt = (1 2 ) Pi
2

1 1 Ei

= 1 .
9 2 1

(Pi = incident power density (in dielectric))

8 1 100
.
2 = 235.8 mW/m2
9 2 120

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Transmission Lines

T1 : Solution
(i)

Z in = Z 0

Z L + jZ 0 tan d
Z 0 + jZ L tan d

2.6
25 + j 50 tan

= 50
2

2.6
50 + j 25 tan

= 50

1 + 2 j tan(5.2)
= 33.74 + j24.07
2 + j tan(5.2)

(ii)Reflection coefficient at input end

i =
but here

ZL Z 0
ZL + Z 0

ZL = 100
Z0 = 50

100 50
50
1
=
=
100 + 50
150
3
(iii) Net input impedance seen from the transmission end of line is
Zin = 33.74 + j 24.07
Net equivalent diagram of line is

i =

0.5 A0

100

Zin

Current through 100 resister is

=

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Z in
0.50
100 + Z in

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Electrical Engineering Electromagnetic Theory

10

i =

33.74 0.5
133.74 + j 24.07

i = 0.122 0.02198 j = 0.12410.21

i1 = 0.5 i

Current through Zin

= 0.378 + 0.02198 j
= 0.37863.327
So power dissipated in 100 resistance is

P1 = i2 R
= (0.124)2 100 = 1.537 Watt
Power dissipated is 25 resistance is equal to power dissipated in Zin ( line is lossless)

P2 = i2 Real part of Zin

P2 = (0.3786)2 33.74
P2 = 4.836 W

T2 : Solution

Zin = Z 0
l =

Z L + jZ 0 tan l
Z 0 + jZ L tan l

2 5
5
.
=
8
4
5
=1
4

tan l = tan

Zin = 75

j 50 + j 75
= 75 j 5
75 50

= 375 90
T3 : Solution

Zin at input of Z02 line is

Zin 2

Z 022
=
ZL

Similarly,

Zin1 =

Z 012
Z in 2 = Z0

Zin2 =

Z 012
Z 022
=
Z0
ZL

Z01 = Z 02

50
Z0
= 75
100
ZL

= 53

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11

T4 : Solution
For a lossless line

Z0 =

L = 100
C

v =

1
= 3 108 m/s (Vacuum)
LC

L =

Z0
100
=
= 0.33 106 H/m
v
3 108

T5 : Solution
Z in max = sZ0
Z in min =
Z in max
Z in min

Z0
s

75
= s2 =
50

9
4

Where s is the standing wave ratio (VSWR)

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