Gas Turbines

Engineering Standard
SAES-K-502
30 April, 2002
Combustion Gas Turbines
Rotating Equipment Standards Committee Members

Al-Odan, N.M., Chairman
Al-Hashim, I.G.
Al-Hotan, K.Z.
Al-Swailim, F.K.
Beckenbach, J.W.
Brown, E.W.
Carney, B.
Graham, M.K.
Kawthar Ali, M.H.
Leary, B.
Nguyen, L.V.
Sabri, H.A.
Salamah, M.M.
Samaha, M.E.
Ward, R.P.
Previous Issue: 31 October, 2000
Next Planned Update: 1 November, 2003
Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right marginPage 1 of 46

Primary contact: Younes H. Makki on phone 874-6637
Document Responsibility: Rotating Equipment
SAES-K-502
Issue Date: 30 April, 2002

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents
Scope............................................................. 2
Conflicts and Deviations................................. 2
References..................................................... 3
Design............................................................ 4
Installation.................................................... 23
Inspection and Tests.................................... 24
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SAES-K-502

Page 3 of 46
SAES-K-502

Scope
1.1
This Standard defines the mandatory minimum requirements

for design, manufacture and installation of gas turbine units
(industrial or heavy duty and aero-derivative). This entire
Standard may be attached to and made a part of purchase
orders.
1.2
A combustion gas turbine (CGT) consists of three basic

components, these being a compressor, a combustor and a
turbine. In addition, the gas turbine unit includes a base frame
and accessory and auxiliary systems for starting, operating,
stopping, protecting and monitoring the gas turbine. Diagnostic
and prognostic systems may also be included.
1.3
The gas turbine unit shall be of a Manufacturer's standard

design except for changes required to satisfy Saudi Aramco
environmental and safety requirements. The type of gas turbine
shall be specified on the Data Sheet as one of the following:
- Heavy Duty or Industrial.
- Aero-Derivative.
- Hybrid (aero-derivative gas generator and heavy industrial
power turbine).
The gas turbine may be of single or multiple shaft design as
specified in data sheets.
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SAES-K-502

1.4
For outdoor operation, the gas turbine shall be packaged in an

enclosure. For indoor operation, the gas turbine shall be either
in an enclosure or free standing. The Vendor shall provide on
the Data Sheet, the heat rejection rate from the unit to the
building. An overhead crane, capable of lifting the heaviest
component of the gas turbine, shall be provided. Specific
requirements for the building are not covered by this Standard.
Conflicts and Deviations

2.1
Any conflicts between this Standard and other applicable Saudi

Aramco Engineering Standards (SAESs), related Materials
System Specifications (SAMSSs), Standard Drawings (SASDs) or
industry standards, codes and forms shall be resolved in writing
by the Company or Buyer Representative through the Manager,
Consulting Services Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
2.2
Direct all requests to deviate from this Standard in writing to the

Company or Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal
company procedure SAEP-302 and forward such requests to the
Manager, Consulting Services Department, Saudi Aramco,
Dhahran.
References
The selection of material and equipment and the design, construction,
maintenance and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this
Standard shall comply with the latest edition of the references listed
below, unless otherwise noted.
3.1
Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure
Page 5 of 46
SAES-K-502

SAEP-302
Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a

Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-A-004
General Requirements for Pressure

Testing
SAES-A-105
Noise Control
SAES-A-112
Meteorological and Seismic Design Data
SAES-B-006
Fireproofing for Plants
SAES-B-009
Fire Protection and Safety Requirements

for Offshore Production Facilities
SAES-B-068
Electrical Area Classification
SAES-J-505
Combustible Gas and Hydrogen Sulfide

in Air Detection Systems
SAES-K-501
Steam Turbines
SAES-K-511
Diesel Engines
SAES-Q-005
Concrete Foundations
SAES-Q-007
Foundations and Supporting Structures

for Heavy Machinery
SAES-Q-010
Cement Based Non-Shrink Grout for

Structural and Machinery Support
SAES-Q-011
Epoxy Grout for Structural and

Machinery Support
Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications
Page 6 of 46
SAES-K-502

12-SAMSS-007
Fabrication of Structural and

Miscellaneous Steel
30-SAMSS-001
Diesel Engines
32-SAMSS-008
Inlet Air Filtration Systems for

32-SAMSS-009
General Purpose Steam Turbines
34-SAMSS-625
Vibration, Axial Position, and Bearing

Temperature Monitoring Systems
Saudi Aramco Standard Drawing

AD-036006
Fuel Treatment Facilities for Combustion

Gas Turbines Typical Schematic
Saudi Aramco Forms and Data Sheets

8002-ENG &
Combustion Gas Turbine Data Sheet
8002-M-ENG
Saudi Aramco Inspection Requirements
Form 175-320200
Turbines: Steam, General Purpose or

Special Purpose or Heavy Duty and
Aero-derivative Gas Turbines
Saudi Aramco Product Specification

A-888
3.2
Diesel
Industry Codes and Standards

American Petroleum Institute
API STD 614
Lubrication, Shaft Sealing and Control

Oil Systems for Special Purpose
Applications
Page 7 of 46
SAES-K-502

API STD 616
Gas Turbines for Refinery Services
National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 72
National Fire Alarm Code
American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME PTC 1
General Instructions (Performance Test

Code)
ASME PTC 22
Performance Test Code on Gas Turbines
ASME SEC VIII
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/Pressure

Vessels
International Organization for Standardization

ISO 2314
4
Gas Turbines - Acceptance Tests
Design
4.1
General
4.1.1 Gas turbine units shall be supplied by Vendors qualified
by experience. To qualify, the Vendor must have
manufactured at least two turbines of identical or greater
speed, firing temperature (4.1.4) and power rating (4.1.5 to
4.1.10) for operation on fuels of similar specification.
These turbines must have been in continuous service for at
least one year and must be performing satisfactorily.
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SAES-K-502

Alternatively, the Vendor may satisfy this experience

requirement based on an individual component life in
comparable or more severe service conditions. Experience
need not be concentrated in a single turbine unit but may
be spread through separate operating turbine components
such as gas generators and power turbines. To qualify,
however, each of the referenced turbines must have been in
continuous service for at least one year and must be
performing satisfactorily.
For gas turbine models that have been in service for less
than 6 years, the Vendor must demonstrate that the lives of
critical parts have been thoroughly analyzed and that they
satisfy all preliminary and final design criteria. The
criteria and the results of critical parts analyses shall be
made available to the Purchaser for review.
4.1.2 The life requirements for major components are based on
the following assumptions:
a.
Base load operation (4.1.10);
b.
Natural gas fuel;
c.
Time between starts of 100 hours minimum,

calculated average on a yearly basis.
Page 9 of 46
SAES-K-502

For heavy duty industrial combustion gas turbine (CGT)

units, rotors, casings, bearing housings, supports,
baseframe and the unit's structure shall have a minimum
expected life of 160,000 operating hours (over 20 years).
Planned time between major overhauls (TBO) shall be a
minimum of 48,000 operating hours. The time between
hot gas path inspections, if needed, shall be at least 24,000
hours and between combustion/borescope inspections, not
less than 8,000 hours. The Vendor shall provide correction
factors for inspection intervals depending on different
loads, fuels and times between starts. A list of materials of
construction for the unit shall be submitted through the
Company or Buyer Representative for review by the
Coordinator, Mechanical & Civil Engineering Division,
Consulting Services Department.
For aero-derivative gas turbine units, the planned time
between major overhauls (TBO) shall be a minimum of
25,000 operating hours. The time between
combustion/borescope inspections, shall not be less than
4,000 hours. The Vendor shall provide correction factors
for inspection intervals depending on different loads, fuels
and times between starts. A list of materials of
construction for the unit shall be submitted through the
Company or Buyer Representative for review by the
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SAES-K-502

4.1.3 Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and Vendors

who manufacture or package turbines or engines under a
license agreement with OEMs shall have their
manufacturing facilities surveyed and approved by Saudi
Aramco. All Vendors must have the capability of meeting
Saudi Aramco's material and safety requirements.
Vendors shall demonstrate that they have the necessary
resources in place for timely production and testing, if
required, of the ordered unit(s). Vendor capabilities shall
include but shall not be limited to the following:
- Evaluation of life expectancies of gas turbine
components operating under high ambient air
temperature conditions;
- Prediction of the unit's base load (4.1.10) based on a
no-load factory test;
- Sufficient design, materials, welding and
manufacturing engineering resources in place to
support the plant's manufacturing operation and to
implement any changes required by the Purchase
Order;
- Field service engineering resources to support
installation, commissioning, problem correction and
performance testing;
- Experienced engineering staff qualified to conduct
improvement programs on life limiting components.
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SAES-K-502

Documentation substantiating the Vendor's prior

experience shall be submitted through the Company or
Buyer Representative to be reviewed for compliance by the
Consulting Services Department prior to order placement.
The Vendor shall provide contact names of other Users and
locations of shipped units to enable verification of
satisfactory field operation of referenced turbines. Vendor
shall provide a list of all approved repair shops.
4.1.4 Firing Temperature is defined as the Vendor's stated,
calculated, cycle average total temperature in a new unit,
in front of first stage turbine rotating blades when
delivering ISO rated power at ISO conditions. The
exhaust temperature for this cycle is the Vendor's stated
Exhaust Temperature quoted in the literature.
4.1.5 ISO Rated Power is the continuous power developed by a
new gas turbine unit (flange to flange), while the unit is
operating at sea level, at base load and at 100% of rated
speed in the following, standard operating conditions
(refer to ISO 2314):
Inlet air temperature (total) :
Inlet pressure (total)
15C
: 1.0133 bar abs (14.696 psia)
Inlet air relative humidity : 60%

Exhaust pressure (static)
Page 12 of 46
: 1.0133 bar abs (14.696 psia)
SAES-K-502

The inlet conditions are measured at the compressor inlet

flange and the exhaust conditions are measured at the
turbine exhaust flange. The power, for mechanical drive
units, is measured at the shaft output flange. Therefore,
no inlet losses, exhaust losses or power transmission losses
are included. When a complete generator train is
supplied, the ISO rated power is defined at the generator
power output terminals. The ISO rated power is used for
rating comparison with other turbines and should not be
confused with site rated power.
4.1.6 Site Rated Power is defined as the continuous output (net
shaft power) available from a gas turbine unit operating at
or below base load (4.1.10) at site rated conditions:
- Maximum temperature.
- Minimum atmospheric pressure (depending on
elevation).
- Maximum humidity.
- Site rated speed.
Since Manufacturers rate gas turbines at ISO conditions,
the following correction factors for converting from ISO
conditions to site conditions shall apply:
X1
= Site rated temperature correction factor**.
X2
= Elevation (minimum ambient pressure)

factor**.
X3
= Maximum humidity factor**.
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SAES-K-502

X4
= Inlet and exhaust losses correction factor

(including inlet filters, inlet and exhaust
silencers and inlet and exhaust ducts. The
factor shall not be more than 0.97 for
simple cycle units. It may be less than 0.97
for co-generation or combined cycle
units)**.
X5
= Gearbox and transmission loss factor, if

any**.
X6
= Deterioration and contingency factor:
X6
= 0.90 for generator drive single shaft and

multiple shaft units.
X6
= 0.90 for mechanical drive multiple shaft

units.
X6
= 0.85 for mechanical drive single shaft unit.
** To be provided by the Manufacturer.

A7
= Auxiliary power (HP), if any (shaft driven

generator, hydraulic pump or compressor).
SITE (HP)
= ISO (HP)*X1*X2*X3*X4*X5*X6 -A7

(HP)
Commentary Note:
The site rated power should be greater than or equal to the power
required by the driven equipment in normally deteriorated
condition and under all operating conditions.
4.1.7 Site Rated Speed is the rotational speed required by the

unit to achieve the Site Rated Power. This speed should be
equal to or close to the normal speed corresponding to the
maximum efficiency point specified by the Manufacturer.
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SAES-K-502

4.1.8 Site Rated Temperature, is the highest recorded ambient

temperature (Refer to meteorological records listed in
SAES-A-112), increased by 5.5C due to the ambient air
heating by site equipment (heat island effect, only if the
unit is to be located next to other plant equipment).
However, a lower temperature may be specified if an
exceptionally high ambient temperature exists at the site
during short periods of time. In this case, the User may
agree to operate temporarily above the base load (4.1.10),
accepting the resulting accelerated rate of turbine
deterioration, frequency of maintenance and increased
operating cost. This site rated temperature also applies to
generator drivers for power island applications which are
not connected to the grid.
Site rating of generator drivers, for sites connected to the
grid, shall be calculated at the average site rated
temperature.
4.1.9 Minimum Temperature shall be the minimum recorded
ambient temperature (refer to SAES-A-112).
4.1.10Base Load is the Vendor's defined output limit required to
achieve the operating life of over 20 years and the TBO as
specified in 4.1.2. The base load varies with the ambient
air temperature, pressure, relative humidity, inlet and
exhaust pressure drops and the mechanical condition of
the unit.
Commentary Note:
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SAES-K-502

The Manufacturer provides the calculated base load and peak

load values for a brand new unit only. For a used unit, the turbine
control takes into account the deteriorated condition of turbine
components and holds the firing temperature within the limit
required by the hottest turbine parts to achieve the 48,000 hr TBO
for CGT's (or 25,000 hr for aeroderivatives). To assure this TBO,
the site rated power (4.1.6) should not exceed the base load.
4.1.11 Peak Load is the output when firing at a temperature limit

above base load temperature as specified by the
Manufacturer. Peak load operation capability is intended
only for limited or emergency use. The higher gas
temperatures associated with peak load operation will
result in a higher rate of wear and tear on hot gas path
components. The Manufacturer shall provide inspection
and maintenance intervals for peak load operation. Under
no circumstances shall the unit be allowed to operate
above the peak load.
4.1.12The following information shall be specifically included in
the proposal:
a)
ISO base load, firing temperature, exhaust

temperature, heat rate, heat consumption, airflow,
exhaust flow at 100% shaft speed, fuel consumption
and output correction factors for the specified range
of fuels (e.g., sweet gas, sour gas, diesel, crude or
other liquid hydrocarbon fuels).
b)
Base and peak loads versus ambient temperature

curves at the standard conditions as follows: sea
level, new unit, gas fuel, 100 hr/start, no inlet &
exhaust losses (or state the included inlet & exhaust
losses).
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SAES-K-502

c)
Correction Factors (curves): Output, heat rate, heat

consumption and airflow versus compressor inlet
temperature; Exhaust temperature versus inlet
temperature. Inlet and exhaust pressure drop effect
on the output and heat rate.
d)
Shaft output torque versus shaft speed curves for the

specified speed range (e.g., 50% to 105 %) for the
design conditions and for site rated conditions.
e)
Output shaft torque versus speed curve in the

operating speed range for the site rated conditions.
f)
Heat rate versus load and heat consumption versus

load. Exhaust temperature versus load and exhaust
flow versus load for various ambient temperatures
(curves).
g)
Speeds (data): Shaft speed(s), in design and in rated

conditions. The maximum continuous and the
minimum output shaft operating speeds. The
maximum continuous speed shall be at least equal to
105% of the highest speed required by the driven
equipment. (The driven equipment data sheet shall
specify the power required for operation above
100% turbine rated speed. The maximum power
required must be less than the peak load).
h)
Compressor discharge temperature and pressure for

site rated conditions and at the minimum ambient
temperature on base load.
i)
Minimum and maximum generator output (for

generator drive).
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SAES-K-502

j)
Load gear limit for both mechanical and generator

drive.
4.1.13Gas turbines shall be specified utilizing the API STD 616,

latest revision, as a base document.
Commentary Note:
Paragraph 4.1.13 does not change the requirement of paragraph 1.3
that the gas turbine shall be of a Manufacturer's standard proven
design with the exceptions stated in 1.3. The exceptions to API are
required to be addressed in order to streamline inspection
procedures and processing of non-material requirements.
4.1.14When the turbine Vendor is assigned unit responsibility for

a complete train, this responsibility means trouble-free
startup and operation for the specified operating hours of
the entire train of equipment comprising gas turbine
driver, power transmission, driven equipment and
accessory and auxiliary equipment. This responsibility
shall include the following:
- Common control system;
- Power transmission components;
- Equipment layout and baseplate design;
- All accessory and auxiliary equipment, including the
entire fuel and lube oil systems;
- Monitoring and protection equipment design;
- Gas turbine axial compressor and turbine washing
system;
- Performance and reliability of the complete train;
- Lateral and torsional dynamic analysis;
- Noise attenuation to the required level.
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SAES-K-502

4.1.15Equipment noise levels shall be determined in accordance

with SAES-A-105.
4.1.16The Vendor shall advise whether acoustic treatment will be
required to meet the noise requirements of SAES-A-105.
The need for acoustic treatment shall be determined after
review of the plant requirements.
4.1.17The Vendor shall submit, prior to order placement, a
typical maintenance inspection schedule for the assumed
base load operation with the contract fuel. The
information shall include manhours to perform typical
inspections, outage times and lists of parts needed,
including consumables. Sufficient information shall be
provided by the Vendor to evaluate the cost of the unit
ownership for a period of 20 years based on base load
operation and the contract fuel. Also, recommendations
for inspection intervals shall be provided for operation
above the base load up to the peak load and for operation
on any specified alternate fuel(s).
4.1.18The Vendor shall provide parts lists and the current actual
cost of parts as follows:
- Spare parts and consumables for the first two years of
operation.
- Parts and consumables for a combustion inspection.
- Parts and consumables for a hot gas path inspection.
- Parts and consumables for a major inspection.
- Recommended spares to be stored by the User (long
lead items).
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SAES-K-502

- Major components that must be replaced because of

their lives being less than 20 years. [i.e., turbine
nozzles and blades, combustion liners and transition
pieces, rotors (if applicable), compressor blades, inlet
guide vanes, inlet and exhaust ducts, expansion
gaskets, inlet and exhaust silencers, lube oil coolers,
motors, pumps, gears, etc.]
4.1.19If the proposed unit is similar to units that are already in
operation in Saudi Aramco, the Vendor shall provide a list
of major interchangeable spare parts and a list of parts
that are unique to the new unit. The current cost of the
unique parts shall also be included. This information shall
be submitted through the Company or Buyer
Representative for review by the Coordinator, Mechanical
& Civil Engineering Division, Consulting Services
Department.
4.1.20The compressor and turbine casings shall be designed to
contain a rotating blade failure while the rotor speed is at
or below the maximum trip speed.
4.1.21Any fragment generated due to rubbing of rotating parts
on stationary parts must be sufficiently small to be
contained in the casing while the rotor speed is at or below
the maximum trip speed.
4.1.22For heavy industrial units, jacking points shall be provided
under each vertical flange of the compressor and the
turbine casing and under the inlet plenum and the exhaust
diffuser to allow the unit to be supported on jacks during
overhaul.
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SAES-K-502

4.1.23Borescoping holes (Manufacturer's standard) shall be

provided in the compressor, combustor and turbine casings
to facilitate borescope inspection of the unit.
4.2
Compressor
4.2.1 The Vendor shall provide the option for coated compressor
blading (both stator and rotor). This information shall be
submitted through the Company or Buyer Representative
for review by the Coordinator, Mechanical & Civil
Engineering Division, Consulting Services Department.
4.2.2 The unit shall be equipped with a compressor off-line and
on-line washing systems. If the Manufacturer does not
supply an off-line washing system, provisions for off-line
washing shall be made. The Manufacturer shall provide
instructions for both off-line and on-line washing and
shall list allowable cleaning detergents and recommended
washing frequencies.
4.2.3 The starting device shall be capable of cranking the
compressor rotor for off-line washing.
4.2.4 The unit control shall include a drying cycle which can be
selected by the operator to start a unit after off-line
washing.
4.3
Combustor
4.3.1 The Manufacturer shall provide the allowable variation of
the Wobbe Index for the contract fuel(s).
4.3.2 Removal of combustion liners (baskets) and transition
pieces in heavy industrial units shall not require opening of
the combustion casing.
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SAES-K-502

4.3.3 An automatic drain valve shall be provided at the lowest

point of the combustion casing to drain any liquid that
may enter the combustion casing when the unit is shut
down. A manual valve shall also be provided in the drain
line, downstream of the automatic valve, at a point easily
accessible. The drain line shall be led to a non-pressurized
sewer. Aero derivative units may have an automatic drain
valve, standard for the unit.
4.4
Turbine
4.4.1 The proposed materials and coatings of turbine
components shall be submitted through the Company or
Buyer Representative for review and approval by the
4.4.2 The turbine shall be capable of a hot restart at any time
after a trip. If this cannot be achieved, the Vendor shall
specify the interval between start attempts required by the
turbine under any operating conditions. The end user
organization shall be consulted for agreement to the
restart limitations.
4.4.3 When crude oil is used for fuel, the unit turbine section
shall be equipped with off-line and on-line washing
system. If the Manufacturer does not supply an off-line
washing system, provisions for off-line washing shall be
made. The Manufacturer shall provide instructions for
both off-line and on-line washing and shall list allowable
cleaning detergents and recommended washing
frequencies.
4.5
Inlet Air System

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SAES-K-502

The entry of hydrocarbon gases into the gas turbine inlet shall be
prevented to avoid the possibility of a runaway unit (loss of
controllability). To minimize the chance of such an incident, the
gas turbine unit(s) shall be located upwind in relation to other
plant equipment. In addition, the requirements of paragraph
4.14.7 shall be fully adhered to. The gas detectors as specified in
4.14.7 shall be capable of initiating gas turbine trip in the event
of a gas leak.
4.5.1 The air inlet shall be upstream of the exhaust stack in the
prevailing wind conditions.
4.5.2 The position of the air inlet and the exhaust stack shall be
such that recirculation of exhaust gases cannot occur in
any wind conditions.
4.5.3 The air inlet shall be outside of a three-dimensional fire
hazardous zone as defined in SAES-B-006 for onshore
facilities and SAES-B-009 for offshore facilities.
4.5.4 The proposed location of the combustion gas turbine
intake shall be submitted through the Company or Buyer
Department.
4.5.5 The relationship between the position of the exhaust stack
and the air inlet shall be a minimum horizontal distance of
7.5 m (25 ft).
4.5.6 The inlet air filtration system shall be a self cleaning
system in accordance with 32-SAMSS-008.
4.5.7 A manometer readout shall be provided at the turbine inlet
flange.
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SAES-K-502

4.5.8 The inlet plenum and the inlet duct shall have drain pipes
installed in all low points. The bottom of the inlet plenum
shall slope away from the compressor inlet flange towards
the drains. A slope of 1/1000 to 5/1000 is acceptable. The
drain pipe diameter shall be 25 mm (1 in) minimum and
for units with evaporative coolers, the diameter shall be 50
mm (2 in) minimum. The drains shall slope downwards
continuously and shall be connected to a common trap
fitted with an automatic drain valve. Failure of the
automatic drain valve shall be indicated by an alarm. The
drain system shall be configured such that the maximum
liquid level shall not be less than 250 mm (10 in) below the
bottom of the inlet plenum. The inlet plenum drain
arrangement is required for units that are equipped with
compressor wash systems.
The drain system shall be air tight. In areas where rain
can enter the inlet air system, a water droplet catcher shall
be installed.
4.5.9 Holes in the plenum low points, open to atmosphere are
not acceptable.
4.6
Exhaust System
4.6.1 The discharge of the gas turbine exhaust gases shall be
outside of a three-dimensional fire hazardous zone as
defined in SAES-B-006 for onshore facilities and SAES-B009 for offshore facilities.
Page 24 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.6.2 The proposed location of the combustion gas turbine

exhaust shall be submitted through the Company or Buyer
Department.
4.6.3 The exhaust stack shall discharge outside any classified
electrical area (refer to SAES-B-068).
4.6.4 The exhaust stack of turbines in onshore hydrocarbon
handling facilities shall be covered to a height of ten (10)
feet above grade, platforms or walkways, with insulation
and liquid tight metal jacketing to limit the skin
temperature to 230C. The turbine Manufacturer shall
also supply any required extensions to the supporting
structure and safety provisions for personnel protection
(4.6.10).
4.6.5 The exhaust duct and expansion joints shall be provided
by the Vendor.
4.6.6 A pressure indicator shall be provided at the turbine
exhaust plenum. Also, a connection with a double block
valve for sampling the exhaust gas shall be provided.
4.6.7 Thermal insulation shall be installed inside the exhaust
plenum walls to maximize the plenum life.
4.6.8 The exhaust plenum and the exhaust silencers shall be
Manufacturer's standard.
4.6.9 The exhaust plenum shall be provided with an access door,
at grade level or with a ladder and access platform if
located above grade, to facilitate inspection.
Page 25 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.6.10When specified, external insulation shall be installed on

any surface up to ten (10) feet above grade, walkways, or
platforms, for personnel protection and/or reduction of
heat rejection. The exposed surface temperature shall not
exceed 75C.
4.7
Fuel System
Commentary Note:
This section addresses part of the fuel system in the gas turbine unit and
within the scope of supply of the Vendor. The remainder of the system,
located outside of the turbine and which may or may not be within the
scope of supply of the Vendor is addressed in sections 4.8 and 4.9.
The Wobbe Index is the ratio of the lower heating value of fuel
gas divided by the square root of the product of relative density
of the fuel gas (with respect to air at ISO conditions) and the
absolute temperature of the fuel gas.
WI
LVH
(G x T) 0.5
(1)
4.7.1 The primary and backup fuels shall be as specified on the Data Sheets. The turbine
shall be designed for operation using the back-up fuel for up to two months per year. The
percentage of H2S present in the fuel gas shall be specified on the data sheets.
Page 26 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.7.2 For gaseous fuels, the chemical composition of the supplied

fuel gas shall be provided for Summer and Winter months,
together with the Lower Heating Values. Wobbe Index
variations shall not exceed 5%.
4.7.3 Diesel, per Saudi Aramco Product Specification A-888, is
the preferred fuel oil for combustion gas turbines with
dual (liquid/gas or liquid/liquid) fuel systems.
4.7.4 Other fuels such as natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum
gas, crude oil, residual fuels and heavy distillate fuels may
be used. The Vendor shall provide, as part of experience
qualifications, documented evidence of prior successful
experience of burning these fuels in the proposed turbine
and the effect on turbine rating, availability, reliability,
parts life and frequency of overhauls.
4.8
Fuel Gas Treatment

4.8.1 In order to standardize the fuel gas treatment facilities for
combustion gas turbines, the equipment specified in
paragraphs 4.8.2 through 4.8.9 shall be installed.
Standard Drawing AD-036006 shows a fuel treatment
facility schematic. The proposed fuel system schematic
shall be submitted through the Company or Buyer
Representative for review and approval by the
Page 27 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.8.2 A safety shutdown valve shall be installed in the gas supply

line at the plot limit. Multiple supply branches shall each
be equipped with a safety shutdown valve. The plot limit
valve shall automatically trip on primary gas knock out
drum high liquid level, preceded by high level alarm and
shall also be capable of being manually tripped. The valve
shall be operated by means of an electric motor (M.O.V.)
or by air (A.O.V.) and shall be of a "Fail Safe" design.
4.8.3 A primary knock-out drum shall be provided for the
maximum expected gas consumption of the plant. The
knock-out drum shall be installed downstream of the
safety shutdown valve and the plant pressure control valve
except when there are two or more branches which could
have different pressure requirements. Each branch shall
be equipped with a safety shutdown valve, a pressure
control valve and a knock-out drum.
4.8.4 In order to prevent a condensate mist carryover or hydrate
formation, a fuel gas superheater shall be supplied and
designed to deliver 40C superheated fuel gas to the
turbine gas distribution system. The superheater must be
sized for the total maximum expected gas consumption of
the plant or the branch under all operating conditions.
Heat may be obtained from gas, steam or electricity,
depending on economics, reliability and available plant
facilities. The superheater shall be located downstream of
the separator (knock-out drum). The requirement of a
fuel superheating system is also applicable to gas turbines
being provided with dual fuel systems.
Page 28 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.8.5 A particle filter and coalescing filter/separator shall be

installed close to the gas turbine, downstream of the
pressure control valve. The filters shall be of the Vendor's
proven design. Screw type mounting of the particle or
coalescing filter cartridges is not acceptable. Block and
bypass valves shall be provided for the filters.
The particle filter shall have the following particle removal
efficiency:
- For sizes 3 microns and above :
100%
- For sizes 0.5 to 3 microns : 99%

In addition to the fuel gas composition, flow, temperature
and pressure as specified in the data sheets, the coalescing
filter/separator shall be sized to satisfy the following
requirements:
- Liquid droplets carryover
- Liquids to be removed
: 50 ppmw
: condensate, oil, water.
- Droplets removal efficiency:

0.5 to 8 micrometers : 99.5%
8 micrometers and above : 100%
Coalescing filters shall have automatic drain valves. This
arrangement is necessary to protect the filters from being
flooded. Level indicators with alarms and manual drain
valves are not acceptable. Differential pressure devices
with alarm and shutdown settings across the filter shall be
provided.
Page 29 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.8.6 A fuel gas strainer and a blow-down pipe connection to

flare shall be provided upstream of the gas supply
connection to the turbine on-base fuel skid. The strainer
shall be purchased together with the combustion gas
turbine from the turbine Manufacturer. The internals of
this strainer shall be martensitic stainless steel.
The blow-down pipe shall be provided with an automatic
valve. The blow-down shall be used for purging and
warming up the fuel system until the fuel entering engine
reaches a superheated fuel gas temperature of 40C to
ensure that the fuel gas is free of liquids, with a minimum
purge time of approximately 5 minutes prior to starting
the turbine.
All piping between the gas fuel superheater and the
temperature measuring location near the gas turbine
shall be insulated to ensure that the heat loss into the
surrounding is minimal.
4.8.7 Horizontal piping sections shall be installed sloped towards
knock-out drums or filters/separators to allow drainage.
All low points shall be provided with valved drain
connections and all high points shall have valved vent
connections.
Page 30 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.8.8 Double block and bleed valve arrangements shall be

provided for each gas turbine unit. This is in addition to
the safety shutdown valve mentioned in 4.8.2. The two
block valves shall be of the fast acting automatic type
with the automatic bleed valve located between them.
The first block valve shall be installed downstream of the
unit's knock-out drum. The second block valve shall be
located/installed as close as possible to the gas turbine
unit. This will ensure that gas fuel is immediately cut-off
from the gas turbine unit once a shutdown signal is
initiated. The amount of gas fuel trapped between the
block valves is immediately bled/vented to a safe location.
The proposed fuel system schematic (including the double
block and bleed valves) shall be submitted through the
Company or Buyer Representative for review and
approval by the Coordinator, Mechanical & Civil
4.8.9 Gas supply/distribution piping shall be stainless steel, full
penetration butt-welded, and hydrotested.
4.9
Liquid Fuel Treatment

The extent and method of liquid fuel treatment shall be
determined for each project individually and shall depend on the
fuel quality (grade) and the requirements of individual turbine
make and type. Proposals by the Vendor for burning liquid fuel
shall detail the fuel treatment required. Proposals shall be
submitted through the Company or Buyer Representative for
review and approval by the Coordinator, Mechanical & Civil
4.10 Lube Oil System and Hydraulic Oil System

Page 31 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.10.1The lube oil system shall be of the manufacturer's

standard design. However, it shall be specified utilizing
API STD 614, latest revision, as a base document. The list
of exceptions, additions or deletions to API STD 614
provided by the Manufacturer shall be submitted through
the Buyer or Company Representative for review and
approval by the Coordinator, Mechanical and Civil
4.10.2The lube oil system piping, downstream of lube oil filters
shall be 316 stainless steel or better. Carbon steel valves
with stainless steel trim are acceptable.
4.10.3If there is a possibility of mixing a synthetic lube oil from a
turbine with a mineral lube oil from driven equipment, the
entire equipment train shall be designed to operate on
synthetic oil.
4.10.4If the lube oil system is custom designed (not the
Manufacturer's standard construction), it shall be sized to
handle both the turbine and the driven equipment.
Wherever there is space limitation (such as may be the
case on an offshore production facility), a combined lube
oil system shall be specified.
4.10.5The location of the lube oil reservoir shall be in accordance
with the turbine Manufacturer's standard construction. If
the lube oil system is to be custom designed, the reservoir
shall be separate from the turbine baseplate. The
retention time shall not be less than 8 minutes, based on
normal flow and retention capacity.
Page 32 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.10.6Dual lube oil filters shall be provided. The filter elements

shall be of the disposable cartridge type. Separate
switchover valves for the lube oil filters and coolers are
preferred.
4.10.7Lube oil coolers shall be provided with 316L stainless steel
tubes and heads. Turbulators are not acceptable.
4.10.8For turbines equipped with anti-friction bearings,
instrumented metal chip detection in the lube oil drain
lines shall be provided as a minimum. Annunciation of
detected chips or debris shall be provided in the plant
control room.
4.11 Starting System
4.11.1 The type of starting system shall be determined for each
project individually and shall be listed on the data sheets.
The system may be one of the following:
- Electric motor;
- Diesel engine;
- Steam turbine;
- Hydraulic motor;
- Air expansion turbine.
Page 33 of 46
SAES-K-502

Diesel engines shall be in accordance with SAES-K-511

and 30-SAMSS-001. If a steam turbine starter is used, it
may be utilized as a helper, rated approximately 4% of
ISO output of the gas turbine unit. The helper steam
turbine accessory gearbox and coupling shall be designed
for continuous operation. Starting steam turbines shall be
general purpose turbines in accordance with SAES-K-501
and 32-SAMSS-009.
4.11.2 The starting system shall be capable of three consecutive
start attempts. The Vendor shall specify waiting periods
required for recovery of the starting system in various
operating conditions.
4.11.3 The torque curve of the driven equipment shall be
obtained from the driven equipment supplier. As a
minimum, the torque shall be provided from zero speed to
self-sustaining speed of the train.
4.11.4 If black start capability is specified, the starting device
shall be a diesel engine or an electric motor fed from a
dedicated diesel generator set supplied by the CGT
manufacturer. An electric motor is the preferred starter.
4.12 Controls and Instrumentation
4.12.1The control system shall be electronic, microprocessor
based. The Buyer shall specify the degree of redundancy
required. The turbine control shall be common with the
load control.
Page 34 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.12.2The turbine control function shall include starting,

operating, stopping, protecting, monitoring and cleaning
(on-line and off-line) of the gas turbine unit. When
specified, diagnostic and prognostic systems shall be
integrated into the control system.
4.12.3The starting system shall have provisions for manual, semi
automatic or automatic starting capabilities. The starting
cycle shall be automatic unless otherwise specified.
4.12.4The control system shall provide a purge period to displace
the entire volume of the gas turbine and the inlet and
exhaust systems, three to five times before firing the unit.
4.12.5A purge air system shall be provided for the control
cabinet, accessory compartment, gas turbine compartment
and purged exhaust stack, where applicable. The purge
air shall be taken from the clean air plenum of the filter
housing.
4.12.6Vibration measurement and monitoring of heavy
industrial units shall be provided on the bearings. The
following instrumentation shall be provided:
- One event per revolution sensor (key phasor) on each
shaft.
- Journal bearings shall have radial shaft relative
displacement sensors (X-Y probes) mounted at 45
from the vertical centerline.
- Bearing housings shall have a piezo-velocity seismic
transducer displaying vertical velocity in RMS.
- The thrust bearings shall have dual probes with voting
logic monitoring the axial position.
Page 35 of 46
SAES-K-502

The shaft relative displacement sensors shall be used for

diagnosis, monitoring and alarm. The vertical seismic
transducers shall be used for diagnosis, monitoring, alarm
and emergency shutdown. Installation and calibration
shall be in accordance with 34-SAMSS-625.
4.12.7Vibration measurement and monitoring of aero derivative
engines shall be per the Vendor's standard. A minimum of
two transducers are required, one on the compressor
casing and one on the turbine casing. Both transducers
shall be used for alarm and emergency shutdown.
Installation shall be in accordance with 34-SAMSS-625.
4.12.8For heavy industrial units, bearing lube oil drain
thermocouples shall be provided for every bearing. One
thermocouple in a combined drain is not allowed.
Hydrodynamic thrust and radial bearings shall each have
a replaceable RTD installed in a pad that is expected to
carry the greatest load. Lube oil drain thermocouples
shall be utilized for alarm and emergency shutdown.
Installation shall be in accordance with 34-SAMSS-625.
Page 36 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.12.9The arrangement, grouping and number of panels for

instrumentation shall be in accordance with the
Manufacturer's standard. However, the installation of
these shall be in an air conditioned cabin located in the
vicinity of the unit. Instrumentation and controls for the
driven equipment, including intermediate transmission
and auxiliary equipment shall preferably also be installed
in the above mentioned cabin. The Vendor shall provide a
detailed description or listing of all instruments and
controls required for the driven and intermediate
transmission equipment.
4.12.10
The instrumentation system shall comply with the
electrical area classification requirements designated in the
Purchase Order or on the approved electrical area
classification drawing.
4.13 Electrical System
4.13.1The electrical equipment shall comply with the electrical
area classification requirements designated in the
Purchase Order or on the approved electrical area
classification drawing.
4.13.2Vendor standard, proven electrical installations meeting
international codes are acceptable, subject to compliance
with special material requirements and safety items listed
in the Purchase Order and agreed upon and documented
during the bid clarification and pre-award meetings with
the Vendor.
Page 37 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.13.3Batteries supplying power for the DC auxiliary system and

turbine control power shall be located in a separate
ventilated building, adjacent to the turbine control
compartment.
4.14 Protection System
4.14.1The overspeed system shall be independent of the turbine
speed control and shall be redundant. A minimum of one
electric (electronic) and one mechanical trip devices per
shaft shall be provided. If a totally electronic system is
provided, a triple redundant system with three shaft
probes and two out of three voting logic shall be provided.
In the case of multiple shafts, each shaft shall have its own
overspeed trip protection. The trip system shall allow online testing without overspeeding the turbine (simulation).
A load coupling failure shall not result in a turbine speed
increase beyond the specified overspeed limit. Alarm and
trip speeds shall be specified by the Vendor.
4.14.2Over temperature protection shall be independent from
the turbine temperature control. A minimum of six
thermocouples shall be placed circumferentially in the
turbine exhaust gas stream to measure exhaust gas
temperatures. Alarm and trip temperature settings for the
average exhaust temperature from the thermocouples shall
be provided by the Vendor.
4.14.3Heavy industrial turbines shall have turbine wheelspace
thermocouples. Two thermocouples per wheelspace are
required. The thermocouples shall be replaceable during
operation. Alarm settings for the maximum allowable
wheelspace temperatures shall be provided by the Vendor.
Page 38 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.14.4Aero derivative engines shall have, as a minimum, two

wheelspace thermocouples downstream of the last turbine
wheel. The thermocouples and the conduits shall be as
small as possible, shall utilize the existing struts in the
turbine/exhaust casing and shall cause no significant
disturbance to the air and hot gas flow.
4.14.5The fire protection system shall be of the Vendor's
standard when the unit is packaged in an enclosure. The
protection system shall consist of a fire detection system,
fire suppression system and, for gas fueled units, a gas
detection system. The fire extinguishing medium shall be
carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide cylinders shall be stored
in a separate building, close to the turbine or in the DC
battery building (paragraph 4.13.2).
4.14.6The fire detection system shall be in accordance to NFPA
72. Additional means of detection, such as optical, are
acceptable.
4.14.7If sweet gas fuel is being used, one combustible gas
detector shall be installed down wind of the fuel supply
pipe flange, close to the turbine or the turbine
compartment for packaged units. A second gas detector
shall be installed on the opposite side of the unit, as close as
possible to the fuel manifold. If sour gas is used as the
primary or the alternate fuel, H S detectors shall be
substituted for the combustible gas detectors. Detector
types shall be as specified in SAES-J-505.
2
4.15 Couplings
Page 39 of 46
SAES-K-502

4.15.1Load couplings shall be of the dry, flexible diaphragm or

disc type. If the load is higher than the capability of
flexible couplings, solid couplings may be provided.
4.15.2The load coupling for mechanical drive units shall be a
torque metering coupling, designed for continuous
operation. The coupling monitor display shall include
torque, speed and power. Strain gauge type couplings are
not acceptable.
4.16 Baseplates
4.16.1A baseplate shall be required on all packaged units. A
single baseplate to accommodate the turbine, accessory
and auxiliary equipment, driven equipment, gear unit,
lube oil system, control van and instrumentation panels is
preferred. However, baseplates over 12 m (40 ft) long may
be split into bolted and doweled sections to be assembled at
the site. Soleplates are acceptable only for very large gas
turbine units which must be shipped in sections for site
assembly.
4.16.2Leveling shims shall be 316 stainless steel. The Vendor
shall provide shim packs 3 mm to 13 mm (0.125 in to 0.5
in) thick.
4.17 Piping
4.17.1Provisions shall be made for bypassing the bearings of the
unit and driven equipment during lube oil system flushing.
4.17.2Fuel piping welds shall be subjected to 100% radiography.
4.18 Materials
Page 40 of 46
SAES-K-502

Materials of construction of the gas turbine unit shall be

Manufacturer's standard for the specified operating conditions,
except as required by the Data Sheets or specified in the
Purchase Order. The suitability of the materials quoted by the
Manufacturer shall be reviewed for each project individually.
All materials in the hot gas and fuel gas sections of the turbine in
contact with sour gas shall be corrosion resistant. Turbine
materials and coatings proposed by the Manufacturer require
approval by the Coordinator, Mechanical & Civil Engineering
Division, Consulting Services Department.
4.19 Dynamics
The turbine Manufacturer shall be responsible for providing a
lateral and torsional critical speed and unbalance response
analysis for each of the train components and a torsional analysis
for the complete train. The analysis shall be submitted through
the Company or Buyer Representative for review and approval
by the Coordinator, Mechanical & Civil Engineering Division,
Consulting Services Department. All results shall be within the
requirements of the relevant equipment Specifications.
5
Installation
5.1
The entire equipment train shall be mounted on one common

foundation. The foundation shall be in accordance with SAESQ-007. Cement based grout shall be in accordance with SAESQ-010. Epoxy based grout shall be in accordance with SAES-Q011.
5.2
Control valves shall be provided with double block and bleed

valves.
Page 41 of 46
SAES-K-502

5.3
Anchor bolts material, galvanization, double nut requirement,

and sleeve material shall be in accordance with 12-SAMSS-007,
SAES-Q-007, and SAES-Q-005.
Inspection and Tests

6.1
Inspection
Inspection during manufacture shall be in accordance with the
Vendor's procedures with the exception of components required
to satisfy special material requirements and safety procedures
detailed in this Standard, the Purchase Order and the minutes of
bid clarification and pre-award meetings. Buyer's inspection of
the equipment shall be in accordance with the Form 175-320200,
Inspection Requirements, corresponding to the particular
equipment and as specified in the Purchase Order.
6.2
Hydrostatic Tests
6.2.1 Pressure containing parts (including auxiliaries) shall be
hydrostatically tested with water in accordance with the
following minimum test pressures:
a)
Turbine and combustor casings: 1.5 times casing

maximum operating pressure.
b)
Welded piping for liquid fuel, external lube oil, gas

fuel and steam up to the casing: in accordance with
SAES-A-004.
c)
Pressure vessels, filters, coolers, etc., in auxiliary

systems: 1.5 times rated pressure (unless a more
stringent code applies).
Page 42 of 46
SAES-K-502

6.2.2 If the component tested is to operate at a temperature at

which the strength of a material is less than its strength at
room temperature, the hydrostatic test pressure shall be
multiplied by a factor obtained by dividing the allowable
working stress for the material at room temperature by
that at operating temperature. The stress values used shall
conform to those given in the ASME SEC VIII D1, for the
materials used. The pressure obtained shall be the
minimum pressure at which the hydrostatic test shall be
performed. The Data Sheet shall list actual hydrostatic
test pressures.
6.2.3 All tests shall be in accordance with code requirements
where applicable and in the event a discrepancy exists
between the test code pressure and the test pressure in this
Standard, the higher pressure shall apply.
6.2.4 Tests shall be maintained for a sufficient period of time to
complete examination of parts under pressure. The
hydrostatic test shall be considered satisfactory when no
leaks are observed for a minimum of 30 minutes. Large
and heavy casings may require a longer testing period to
be agreed upon by the Buyer and the Vendor. All
hydrostatic tests shall be witnessed.
6.3
Mechanical Running Test
Page 43 of 46
SAES-K-502

6.3.1 The mechanical running test shall be performed in

accordance with the Vendor's standard procedures and
with the consent of the Buyer. Acceptance criteria shall be
made available for review and approval by the
Consulting Services Department. The minimum duration
of the test shall be 4 fired hours (cumulative), including at
least 30 minutes at stabilized conditions at maximum
continuous speed.
Dismantling of the unit is required only in the event of an
unsatisfactory test.
The Vendor shall provide the results of the mechanical
running test and shall predict the unit's base load for ISO
and site rated conditions.
6.3.2 Test procedures and acceptance criteria shall be based on
API STD 616 and shall be mutually agreed upon by
Vendor, Buyer and the Mechanical & Civil Engineering
Division of Consulting Services Department.
6.4
Additional Tests
6.4.1 The following optional tests shall be considered for
inclusion in the Purchase Order:
a)
Performance test: The machine shall be

performance tested in accordance with the ASME
PTC 1 and ASME PTC 22 (or ASME modified). The
test procedure shall be agreed upon with the
Manufacturer.
Page 44 of 46
SAES-K-502

b)
Complete unit test: Such components as

compressors, gears, drivers, and auxiliaries that
make up a complete unit shall be tested together
during the mechanical running test. This complete
unit test shall be performed in addition to separate
tests of the individual components.
c)
Gear test: The gear shall be tested with the unit

during the mechanical running test.
d)
Sound level test: The noise level test shall be

performed in accordance with SAES-A-105.
e)
Auxiliary equipment test: Auxiliary equipment such

as oil systems and control systems shall be tested in
the Vendor's shop. Details of the auxiliary
equipment tests shall be developed jointly by the
Buyer, the Vendor and the Mechanical & Civil
Engineering Division of Consulting Services
Department.
6.4.2 String tests are not normally carried out in the

Manufacturer's shop. Test procedures (for load and heat
rate tests) shall be jointly developed with the turbine
manufacturer.
6.4.3 The turbine manufacturer shall submit a report on the
unit site performance arrangement with all the required
details. This report shall include all protective settings
and the necessary curves to define actual site
performance. The vendor shall also provide the unit's
performance degradation curve versus time (Output &
Efficiency vs. Time).
Page 45 of 46
SAES-K-502

6.4.4 Upon the completion of all required tests, the gas turbine
rotor(s) shall be axially and radially locked for shipment.
Such arrangement will help in minimizing the chance of
any impact damage on bearings that may result during the
on-road transportation of the gas turbine unit(s).
Revision Summary
31 October, 2000 Major revision.
30 April, 2002
Minor revisions.
Page 46 of 46

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Engineering Standard

Rotating Equipment Standards Committee Members

Previous Issue: 31 October, 2000

Next Planned Update: 1 November, 2003

Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right marginPage 1 of 46

Document Responsibility: Rotating Equipment

Issue Date: 30 April, 2002

Combustion Gas Turbines

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Conflicts and Deviations................................. 2

Inspection and Tests.................................... 24

Document Responsibility: Rotating Equipment

Issue Date: 30 April, 2002

Combustion Gas Turbines

Document Responsibility: Rotating Equipment

Issue Date: 30 April, 2002

Combustion Gas Turbines

This Standard defines the mandatory minimum requirements

A combustion gas turbine (CGT) consists of three basic

The gas turbine unit shall be of a Manufacturer's standard

Document Responsibility: Rotating Equipment

Issue Date: 30 April, 2002

Combustion Gas Turbines

For outdoor operation, the gas turbine shall be packaged in an

Conflicts and Deviations

Any conflicts between this Standard and other applicable Saudi

Direct all requests to deviate from this Standard in writing to the

Saudi Aramco References

Document Responsibility: Rotating Equipment

Issue Date: 30 April, 2002

Combustion Gas Turbines

Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

General Requirements for Pressure

Meteorological and Seismic Design Data

Fireproofing for Plants

Fire Protection and Safety Requirements

Electrical Area Classification

Combustible Gas and Hydrogen Sulfide

Foundations and Supporting Structures

Cement Based Non-Shrink Grout for

Epoxy Grout for Structural and

Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications

Document Responsibility: Rotating Equipment

Issue Date: 30 April, 2002

Combustion Gas Turbines

Fabrication of Structural and

Inlet Air Filtration Systems for

General Purpose Steam Turbines

Vibration, Axial Position, and Bearing

Saudi Aramco Standard Drawing

Fuel Treatment Facilities for Combustion

Saudi Aramco Forms and Data Sheets

Combustion Gas Turbine Data Sheet

Turbines: Steam, General Purpose or

Saudi Aramco Product Specification

Industry Codes and Standards

Lubrication, Shaft Sealing and Control

Document Responsibility: Rotating Equipment

Issue Date: 30 April, 2002

API STD 616

Combustion Gas Turbines

Gas Turbines for Refinery Services

= ISO (HP)X1X2X3X4X5X6 -A7