Exploration LAN Switching Semester 3

LAN Design
LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 1
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Describe how a hierarchical network supports the
voice, video and data needs of a small and medium-
sized business.
Match the appropriate Cisco switch to each layer in
the hierarchical network design model.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business
Describe the key principles of hierarchical network
design
Describe the role of a converged network in supporting
small and medium-sized (SMB) business voice, video,
and data needs
Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each
Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
Identify the considerations used to select a switch for a
hierarchical network
Identify the key features of switches that are used in
hierarchical networks
Identify the key features of switches that are used in
hierarchical networks
Identify the switch features found in each level in a
hierarchical network
Summary
Hierarchical Design model addresses performance,
scalability, maintainability & manageability issues.
Traffic Analysis is used to monitor network
performance.
Hierarchical Design Model is composed of 3 layers:
Access
Distribution
Core
Switches selected for each layer must meet the needs

of each hierarchical layer as well as the needs of the
business.
Configure a Switch
Objectives
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for
100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard.
Explain the functions that enable a switch to forward
Ethernet frames in a LAN.
Configure a switch for operation in a network
designed to support voice, video, and data
transmissions.
Configure basic security on a switch that will operate
in a network designed to support voice, video, and
data transmissions.
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as
defined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE
802.3 standard
Describe the key elements of Ethernet/802.3 networks:
CSMA/CD, half-, full-duplex, collisions
Ethernet frame, MAC address
802.3 standard
Describe the design considerations for Ethernet/802.3
networks
802.3 standard
Describe the LAN design considerations to reduce network latency
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
Describe the switch forwarding methods: store-and-
forawd & cut-through (fast-forward, fragment-free)
Explain symmetric and asymmetric Switching
Describe how memory buffering works
Compare Layer 2 with Layer 3 switching
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to navigate
the command-line
Describe the Cisco IOS help facilities
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to access the
command history
Describe the boot sequence of a Cisco switch
Describe how to prepare the switch to be configured
Describe how to perform a basic switch configuration
Describe how to perform a basic switch configuration
Describe how to verify the Cisco IOS configuration
using the Show command
Describe how to manage the Cisco IOS configuration
files
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to configure
password options
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to configure a
login banner
Describe the how to configure Telnet and SSH on a
switch
Describe the key switch security attacks: MAC address
flooding, spoofing attacks, CDP attacks, and Telnet
attacks
Describe the key switch security attacks: MAC address flooding,
spoofing attacks, CDP attacks, and Telnet attacks
Describe how network security tools are used to
improve network security
Describe why you need to secure ports on a switch
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to disable
unused ports
Secure MAC Address Types
Summary
LAN Design
Process that explains how a LAN is to be
implemented
Factors to consider in LAN design include
Collision domains
Broadcast domains
Network latency
LAN segmentation
Summary
Switch forwarding methods

Store & forward – used by Cisco Catalyst switches
Cut through – 2 types
Cut through
Fast forwarding
Summary
Symmetric switching
Switching is conducted between ports that have the
same bandwidth
Asymmetric switching
Switching is conducted between ports that have
unlike bandwidth
Summary
CISCO IOS CLI includes the following features

Built in help
Command history/options
Switch security
Password protection
Use of SSH for remote access
Port security
VLANs
Objectives
Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network.
Explain the role of trunking VLANs in a converged
network.
Configure VLANs on the switches in a converged
network topology.
Troubleshoot the common software or hardware
misconfigurations associated with VLANs on switches
in a converged network topology.
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network
Converged Network
Converged Network
Converged Network
Benefits of VLANs
Converged Network
VLAN characteristics
Converged Network
Converged Network
Describe the VLAN port membership modes
Converged Network
Converged Network
Converged Network
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network
Explain the role of a trunk when using multiple VLANs
in a converged network
Converged Network – 802.1Q tagging
The tag control information field contains:

3 bits of user priority - Used by the 802.1p
standard, which specifies how to provide
expedited transmission of Layer 2 frames. A
description of the IEEE 802.1p is beyond the
scope of this course; however, you learned a
little about it earlier in the discussion on voice
VLANs.
1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI) -
Enables Token Ring frames to be carried
across Ethernet links easily.
12 bits of VLAN ID (VID) - VLAN identification
numbers; supports up to 4096 VLAN IDs.
Converged Network
Describe how to manage broadcast domains with
VLANs
Converged Network
Describe how a trunk works
Converged Network
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
Converged Network
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
Describe the steps to configure trunks and VLANs
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create a
VLAN on a Cisco Catalyst switch
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to manage
VLANs on a Cisco Catalyst switch
trunk on a Cisco Catalyst switch
trunk on a Cisco Catalyst switch
Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs
Describe how to use the troubleshooting procedure to
fix a common problem with VLAN configurations
IP subnet mismatch
Summary
VLANS
Allows an administrator to logically group devices
that act as their own network
Are used to segment broadcast domains
Some benefits of VLANs include
Cost reduction, security, higher performance,
better management
Summary
Types of Traffic on a VLAN include

Data
Voice
Network protocol
Network management
Communication between different VLANs requires the

use of
Routers
Summary
Trunks
A common conduit used by multiple VLANS for
intra-VLAN communication
EEE 802.1Q
The standard trunking protocol
Uses frame tagging to identify the VLAN to which a
frame belongs
Does not tag native VLAN traffic
Implement VTP
Objectives
Explain the role of VTP in a converged switched
network
Describe the operation of VTP: VTP domains, VTP
Modes, VTP Advertisements, and VTP Pruning.
Configure VTP on the switches in a converged
network.
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
Switched Network
Explain the role of VTP in a multi-switch network
Switched Network
Switched Network
Switched Network
Describe the Operation of VTP
Explain the role of domains in VTP
Describe how VTP exchanges domain and VLAN
information between switches in the same VTP domain
VTP revision number
Describe the role VTP modes play in enabling VTP to
distribute and synchronize domain and VLAN
configuration information in a network
Describe the role VTP modes play in enabling VTP to
distribute and synchronize domain and VLAN
configuration information in a network
Explain how VTP pruning functions
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Configure VTP on a Cisco Catalyst Switch
Converged Network
Configure VTP domain on server & client
Converged Network
Configure VTP mode
Converged Network
Manage VLANs on a VTP enabled network (Server)
Converged Network
Assign ports to VLANs on VTP Clients
Converged Network
Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configuration
problems
Converged Network
problems
Converged Network
problems
Summary
VTP is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to exchange
VLAN information across trunk links.
A switch can be in one of 3 VTP operating modes
Client
Cannot create, modify or delete VLAN
Server
Can create, modify & delete VLAN
Transparent
Can create, modify, & delete LOCAL VLAN
Forwards VTP advertisements.
Summary
VTP pruning
Limits unnecessary dissemination of VLAN information.
Verify VTP configuration

Show VTP status
Show interfaces trunk
Implement Spanning
Tree Protocols
Objectives
Explain the role of redundancy in a converged
network
Summarize how STP works to eliminate Layer 2 loops
in a converged network
Explain how the STP algorithm uses three steps to
converge on a loop-free topology
Implement rapid per VLAN spanning tree (rapid
PVST+) in a LAN to prevent loops between redundant
switches.
Explain the Role of Redundancy in a
Converged Switched Network
Redundancy in a hierarchical network – which path?
Redundancy in a hierarchical network – path failure
Redundancy can disable a hierarchical network
Layer 2 loops may occur
broadcast
Layer 2 loops may occur
CAM change
Broadcast Storms
Spanning Tree Topology
Summarize How STP works to Eliminate
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
24576 or x4096
below lowest BID
28672
Default priority:
32768
Explain the role of the BPDU in STP
Describe the role of STP port states and BPDU timers
in the operation of STP
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Define convergence for a switched network and
summarize the 3 step process STP uses to create a
loop free topology
Explain the STP decision sequence is used to elect a
root bridge for a network
Describe the process of electing a root port on a switch
Describe the process of electing designated ports and
non-designated ports on a switch
The port ID is appended to the

port priority. For example, switch
port F0/2 has a default port
priority value of 112.2, where
112 is the configurable port
priority value, and .2 is the port
ID. (128 default)
Cisco PortFast Technology
Cisco PortFast Technology
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Summarize the features of the PVST+, RSTP and rapid
PVST+ variants of STP
Describe the features of PVST+
Describe the features of RSTP
Describe RSTP edge ports
Describe the RSTP link types
Describe the RSTP port states and port roles
Describe how to configure rapid PVST+
Describe how to configure rapid PVST+
Describe how to design STP to avoid problems
Describe how to identify and solve the key STP
configuration issues
Summary
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loops
from being formed on redundant networks
STP uses different port states & timers to logically
prevent loops
There is at least one switch in a network that serves as
the root bridge
Root bridge is elected using information found in BPDU frames
Root ports are determined by the spanning tree

algorithm and are closest to the root bridge
Summary
STP lengthy convergence time (50 seconds) facilitated

the development of:
RSTP
convergence time is slightly over 6 seconds
Rapid PVST+
adds VLAN support to RSTP
is the preferred spanning-tree protocol on a Cisco switch
netowrk
Implement Inter-
VLAN Routing
Objectives
Explain to the satisfaction of a qualified instructor how
network traffic is routed between VLANs in a
converged network.
Configure inter-VLAN routing on a router to enable
communications between end-user devices on
separate VLANs
Troubleshoot common inter-VLAN connectivity
issues.
Explain How Network Traffic is Routed
Between VLANs in a Converged Network
Describe the routing options between VLANs
native
802.1q
native
Describe the role of interfaces and subinterfaces in
supporting inter-VLAN routing
802.1q
802.1q
native
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
Performance
-Because there is no contention for bandwidth on separate
physical interfaces, physical interfaces have better performance
when compared to using subinterfaces.
-When subinterfaces are used for inter-VLAN routing, the traffic
being routed competes for bandwidth on the single physical
interface.
Access Ports and Trunk Ports

-Connecting physical interfaces for inter-VLAN routing requires
that the switch ports be configured as access ports.
-Subinterfaces require the switch port to be configured as a
trunk port so that it can accept VLAN tagged traffic on the trunk
link.
Cost - financially, it is more cost-effective to use
subinterfaces over separate physical interfaces.
Routers that have many physical interfaces cost more
than routers with a single interface. The same with
switches.
Complexity
-Using subinterfaces for inter-VLAN routing results in a less
complex physical configuration than using separate physical
interfaces, because there are fewer physical network cables
interconnecting the router to the switch.
-On the other hand, using subinterfaces with a trunk port results
in a more complex software configuration, which can be
difficult to troubleshoot.
Port Limits
-Physical interfaces are configured to have one interface per
VLAN on the network. On networks with many VLANs, using a
single router to perform inter-VLAN routing is not possible.
Routers have physical limitations that prevent them from
containing large numbers of physical interfaces.
-Subinterfaces allow a router to scale to accommodate more
VLANs than the physical interfaces permit. Inter-VLAN routing
in large environments with many VLANs can usually be better
accommodated by using a single physical interface with many
subinterfaces.
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN
Connectivity Issues
When using the traditional routing model for inter-VLAN
routing, ensure that the switch ports that connect to the
router interfaces are configured on the correct VLANs.
Connectivity Issues
When you suspect that there is a problem with a switch
configuration, use the various verification commands to
examine the configuration and identify the problem.
One of the most common inter-VLAN router
configuration errors is to connect the physical router
interface to the wrong switch port, placing it on the
incorrect VLAN and preventing it from reaching the
other VLANs.
Connectivity Issues
Describe the common switch configuration Issues
VLAN
mismatch
Connectivity Issues
Describe the common IP Addressing Issues
Wrong
Address
Space
Connectivity Issues
Describe the common IP Addressing Issues
Trunk
problem
Connectivity Issues
Summary
Inter-VLAN routing is the process of routing information
between VLANs
Inter-VLAN routing requires the use of a router or a
layer 3 switch
Traditional inter-VLAN routing
Requires multiple router interfaces that are each connected to
separate VLANs
Summary
Router on a stick
this is an inter-VLAN routing topology that uses router sub
interfaces connected to a layer 2 switch.
Each Subinterface must be configured with:
An IP address
Associated VLAN number
Configuration of inter VLAN routing

–Configure switch ports connected to router with correct VLAN
–Configure each router subinterface with the correct IP address
& VLAN ID
Verify configuration on switch and router
Configure a Wireless
Router
Objectives
Describe the components and operations of basic
wireless LAN topologies.
Describe the components and operations of basic
wireless LAN security.
Configure and verify basic wireless LAN access.
Configure and troubleshoot wireless client access.
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
Describe why wireless LANs are a popular choice for
small business LAN implementations
Describe the 802.11 wireless standards
Describe the components of a 802.11-based wireless
infrastructure
Describe how wireless networks operate
Describe how to plan a wireless LAN
of Basic Wireless LAN Security
Describe the threats to wireless LAN security
Describe the wireless protocols. The description will
include a description of 802.1x, a comparison of WPA
and WPA2 as well as comparison of TKIP and AES
Describe how to secure a wireless LAN from the key
security threats
Configure and Verify Basic Wireless LAN
Access
Configure a wireless access point
Configure and Verify Basic Wireless LAN
Access
Configure a wireless NIC
Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless
Client Access
Describe how to solve access point firmware issues
Client Access
Describe how to solve incorrect channel settings
Client Access
Describe how to solve common RF interference issues
Client Access
Describe how to correct antenna misplacement
Client Access
Describe how to solve the common problems
associated with wireless LAN encryption types
Client Access
Describe how to solve authentication problems
associated with wireless LANs
Summary
Wireless LANs use standards such as
IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11g
IEEE 802.11n
Basic Service set

–Mobile clients use a single access point for connectivity
Extended service set

–Multiple access point that share an SSID
Summary
WLAN security practices/methods include
–MAC address filtering
–SSID making
–Implementing WPA2
Configuration of wireless NIC and access point

–Configure both of them the same way
•SSID
–Ensure that the latest firmware is installed
Troubleshooting WLANs include doing the following:

–Check channel setting
–Check for interference

Exploration LAN Switching Semester 3

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Exploration LAN Switching Semester 3

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

LAN Design

LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 1

 Switches selected for each layer must meet the needs

LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 2

 Describe the LAN design considerations to reduce network latency

 Describe the Cisco IOS help facilities

 Describe how to perform a basic switch configuration

 Switch forwarding methods

 CISCO IOS CLI includes the following features

LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 3

The tag control information field contains:

 Types of Traffic on a VLAN include

 Communication between different VLANs requires the

LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 4

 Verify VTP configuration

LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 5

The port ID is appended to the

 Root ports are determined by the spanning tree

 STP lengthy convergence time (50 seconds) facilitated

LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 6

 Access Ports and Trunk Ports

 Configuration of inter VLAN routing

 Verify configuration on switch and router

LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 7

 Basic Service set

 Extended service set

 Configuration of wireless NIC and access point

 Troubleshooting WLANs include doing the following:

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi

Switches selected for each layer must meet the needs

Describe the LAN design considerations to reduce network latency

Describe the Cisco IOS help facilities

Describe how to perform a basic switch configuration

Switch forwarding methods

CISCO IOS CLI includes the following features

Types of Traffic on a VLAN include

Communication between different VLANs requires the

Verify VTP configuration

Root ports are determined by the spanning tree

STP lengthy convergence time (50 seconds) facilitated

Access Ports and Trunk Ports

Configuration of inter VLAN routing

Verify configuration on switch and router

Basic Service set

Extended service set

Configuration of wireless NIC and access point

Troubleshooting WLANs include doing the following: