1.

8 p.

Write down the equations for each reaction of the following chain!
Na NaOH
NaCl HCl ZnCl2
ZnSO4
Zn(OH)2
Zn(NO3)2
2.

ZnO

5 p.

150 g 12% Cr2(SO4)3 solution was addedCr2(SO4)3.15H2O until part of Cr2(SO4)3 in

solutions becomes 30%.
Calculate the mass of Cr2(SO4)3.15H2O added to solution!
3.

8 p.

The chemical formula of mineral selenite could be written: CaSO4xX. Experimentaly is

established that selenite contains 23,3 % calcium, 18,6 % sulphur, 55,8 % oxygen and
one more element.
What is chemical formula of selenite! How much of selenium contains selenite?
4.

13 p.

Limestone usually contains a bit of sand. To determine the mass part of calcium
carbonate in limestone a sample weighting 0.1327 g is treated with 10.00 ml of
hydrochloric acid wih concentration 0.4555 mol/l. The excess of hydrochloric acid is
neutralized with 20.41 ml of sodium hydroxide (0.1001 mol/l).
a) Calculate the mass part of calcium carbonate in the limestone.
Uncleared lime was obtained from the given limestone however calcium carbonate was
not completely resolved. To determine the part of calcium carbonate resolved a sample of
uncleared lime (0.1111 g) was treated with 10.00 ml of hydrochloric acid (0.4993 mol/l).
Excess of hydrochloric acid was neutralized with 14.24 ml of sodium hydroxide (0.1001
mol/l).
b) Calculate the composition of the uncleared lime.
5.

6 p.

In cookery to make duff looser ammonium hydrogencarbonate is used. Write down the
equations to obtain the compound only from carbon, air and water.
6.

5 p.

Group the oxides according to the conditions 1.-4.

CaO , SiO2 , SO2 , MgO , Fe2O3 , SO3 , BaO , P2O5

1.
2.
3.
4.

Oxides form acids when reacting with water

Oxides form bases when reacting with water
Oxides form alkali when reacting with water
Oxides doesn't react with water

In cases when reaction occurs write the appriate equation!

7.

11 p.

While solving in water 3.60 g of a white crystalline substance A, occured 3.36 l of

hydrogen gas. While solving in water 4.21 g of a similar white crystalline substance B,
occurs 4.48 l of hydrogen gas. Said that in the beginning of the 20th Century compound
B was used for military purposes.
1. Name substances A and B!
2. Write the equations the reactions occoured!
3. Can you say for what purpose substance B was used during World War One?
8.

8 p.

By long heating of magnesium carbonate hydrate its mass decreased 4.4 times.
Determine the formula of magnesium carbonate hydrate and write the equations for
chemical reactions.
9.

9-10

6 p.

On 17,6 grams of sodium chloride was poured excess of conc. sulfuric acid and the
evolved gas was introduced in 106 g of 20.0% sodium carbonate solution. Wheather the
obtained solution will be acidic or alkaline?
10.

10

8 p.

Write down the equations for each reaction of the following chain!
CO2 Na2CO3
NaHCO3
Na2SO4
NaBr
NaNO3
HNO3
Fe(OH)3
11.

10

Fe(NO3)3

5 p.

Fishermen catched plaices and brought them home. Some fisherman usher them in a bath
filled with fresh water, after some time the plaices became much bolder. Why? What
should the fisherman do to let plaices live in the bath?

12.

10

6 p.

Nowdays a modern and widely used method of analyses is masspectrography wich is

based on sorting the particles according to their mass.
Air was analysed with a masspectrometer. The obtained masspectrum is shown in the
picture.
Solve the spectrum pointing coumpounds related to the peaks in the spectrum.

M, g/mol
13.

10

6 p.

When protractedly holded in the air water obtained from an underground water source
usually occurs brown precipitation of iron(III) hydroxide although instantly obtained
underground water usually doesn't contain Fe3+ ions. How is this to be explained?
14.

10

6 p.

100 ml of water in 20C was saturated with ammonia and in this solution carbon dioxide
was introduced until the composition of the solution became constant. Occured 160 g of
precipitation. Calculate the composition of the solution after the introduction of carbon
dioxide. The solubility of carbon dioxide should be discounted. In 20C temperature
solubility of ammonia in water is 52.6 l in 100 l of water.
15.

10

5 p.

In thermal power stations it's important to prevent incrustation in boilers. The hardness of
water is eliminated using ionits - balls of polymer containing SO3H groups. Hydrogen
atoms in these groups are able to exchange with calcium or magnesium ions:
calcium and magnesium ions remain bounded to the polymer. Calculate mass for ionite
needed to soften 1,0 m3 water with total hardness 3,0 mmol/l. 1,0 g of ionite contains 10
mmol SO3H groups.
16.

10

5 p.

In the water of a salt lake mainly sodium chloride is found during summer it crystallizes.
However in winter crystallization of another compound may occur and the formed
precipitation can last even until the next summer. From 1.00 tonn of this compound one
may obtain to 619 kg of common salt. What is this compound and how can one obtain
common salt from it?
17.

10-11

6 p.

It's certain that gaseous NO2 molecules in low temperatures dimerize. Explain why a
similar process doesn't occour with molecules of SO2 .
18.

11

8 p.

Write down the equations for each reaction of the following chain!
CaCO3 CaO CaCl2 CaSO4 CaS CaCl2 Ca3PO4 Ca3P2
19.

11

PH3

8 p.

To 0.500 litres of BaCl2 solution whose osmotic pressure at 200C is 14.6 kPa was added
0.500 litres Na2SO4 with the same osmotic pressure. Calculate quantity of substances in
the given solutions as well as in the obatained and the osmotic pressure of the obtained
solution.
20.

11

5 p.

Especially comfortable way to verify when the distilled water has actually been distilled
is to determine its pH.
If pH is near to 7.0 then the water is distilled in the same day
If pH is in the interval 5.56.0 the water is distilled some days ago.
Explain the sense of this test if necessary write down equations for appropriate reactions.
21.

11

8 p.

To 200,0 g of 24,34% FeCl3 solution was added 16.35 g of zink powder and then the
bowl was closed. Substances in the solution reacted. After the reaction to a sample of the
solution potassium rodanide was added. The solution didn't became red. When solution of
ammonia was added to another sample precipitation formed. By adding more ammonia
the ammount of precipitation decreased.
Calculate the composition of the solution after the reaction.
22.

11

11 p.

In separate bowls 3,100 g Pb(NO3)2 and 1,580 g KMnO4 was heated and the formed gases
were introduced in 1 litre of water. In the same water also was introduced a gas formed
while 1,008 g of Na2SO3 reacting with excess of sulfuric acid. To what volume should the
obtained solution be diluted for its pH to become 4.
23.

11

15 p.

Colourless substance A doesn't react with oxygen nor in the room temperature nor in
elevated temperature however it:
1. exothermicaly reacts with a silver-white metal B by forming the only one product
of the reaction D whose mass is 1.66 times that of B;
2. above 800 oC reacts with colourless very hard substance C forming a gaseous
product E whose mass is 3.67 times that of C;
In atmosphere of E heated metal B burns forming D and a dark fine powder F whose
chemical composition is the same as that of C.
What are compounds A-F? Write equations of the chemical reactions noted.
24.

11-12

14 p.

In 1748 the city of Pompei buried by volcano in 79 AD was digged out. Among the
plenty of findings a fragment of the Roman waterpipe was obtained which was coated by
a dense yellowish oxide. To find out what was the waterpipe made of chemists acted as
follows: weighted 2.00 grams of the waterpipe's fragment (metal with the oxide) and then
dropped drop by drop 50.0 % acetic acid (univalent acid, HA) solution ( = 1,06 g/ ml,
MHA = 60,1 g/ mol) until the sample was competely dissolved. They needed 2.17 ml of
acetic acid for it.
Determine what metal the waterpipe was made of.
Explain the choice of the ancient Romans.
25.

11-12

8 p.

The very top of the Monument of Freedom - Mother Latvia is covered with basical
copper(ii) carbonate (CuOH)2CO3 or Cu(OH)2xCuCO3 layer. This compound is water
insoluble but as one can see in the upper part of the Monument's column a part of
Cu(OH)2xCuCO3 from the head of the Monument has shifted down the colmun because
of rain (see the picture). Try to explain how the insoluble basical copper carbonate can be

shifted down by rain.

26.

12

8 p.

Write down the equations for each reaction of the following chain!
C2H5OH
MnCO3
27.

12

CH3COOH
Mn(NO3)2

CH3COOCH3

CH3OH

CH3OCH3

CO2

K2CO3

6 p.

When 1,00 l of cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene mixture was hydrogenated evolved 5.18
kJ of heat. Calculate composition of the mixture. Heat of hydrogenation of cis-2-butene is
119.0 kJ/mol and that of trans-2-butene - 114.6 kJ/mol.
28.

12

11 p.

Already since 1872 problem of so called acidic rains is actual. Acidic atmospherical falls
decrease pH of the lakes seriously affecting biological processes. When decreases pH of
the lakes begins disolving of aluminium hydroxide what simplifying could be written:
Al3+ + 2H2O
Al(OH)2+ + H3O+;
2+
Al(OH) + 2H2O
Al(OH)2+ + H3O+;
Al(OH)2+ + 2H2O
Al(OH)3 + H3O+;
In the last time it's proved that exactly the soluble aluminium compounds (Al3+, Al(OH)2+,
Al(OH)2+) are one of the main factors determining the toxical effect of the acidification of
the environment because the soluble compounds much easily can get into organisms of
various living beings.
Supposing that aluminium in lake is only in form of Al3+, Al(OH)2+, Al(OH)2+ and

Al(OH)3 calculate what part (in molar %) of aluminium compounds are in insoluble
Al(OH)3 form in the following lakes:

Vertage lake, lake's water's pH = 5,0

Chortock, lake's water's pH = 6,4

Aluminium hydrocomplexes' stability constants:

;
;
;
17,9
25,2
K1 = 10 ; K2 = 10 ; K3 = 10
Make conclusions about the lake's pH influence on Al compounds solubility. In wich lake
you predict the less toxical action of aluminium compounds.
9,0

29.

12

6 p.

In a reaction of some gaseous alkane with a gaseous halogen formed a gaseous compound
wich contains 86.4% of halogen. Write the equation for this reaction.
30.

12

6 p.

Finish the chemical equations!

CH3CH2Cl + KOH + KCl
+ KOH
C2H4 + +
+ CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + KCl
31.

12

13 p.

In elemental analyses of a colourless substance X was established that it contains 65.5%

C, 5.46% H and oxygen. Compound X is a weak acid; 0.10 g of X in a solution
completely reacted with 18.2 ml 0.10 mol/l Sodium hydroxide (indicator - phenolftalein)
[reaction 1]. Product of this reaction - compound Y:
1. in a cold alkaline solution reacts with acetylchloride (CH3COCl)(in excess)
forming Q [reaction 2];
2. reacts with iodomethane (in excess) forming Z [reaction 3];
3. protractedly holded in air this solution becomes yellow and later - brown.
Besides compound X reacts with silver oxide in ammonia (silver mirror reaction)
[recation 4] to form yellow compound A. But in a neutral medium it gives blue colour
when treated with diluted FeCl3 solution.
What's compounds X, Y, Z, Q, A? Write equations for reactions 1 - 4.
What purposes is compound X used for in praxis? Wich of the described reactions is
basis for practical applications of X?

32.

12

10 p.

A and B are gases which easily react with benzene in presence of aluminium chloride. In
sunlight they react mutually and depending on stochiometry three liquid compounds may
form. One of its is charachterized by sweetish odour and it was uesed for narcosis in the
beginning of the 20th century. Write equations for all reactions. Explain why in one case
forming of C and C' is likely whereas in other - not.

Good luck!