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1. Introduction.
Adequate energy supply is central to the
current quality of life in industrialized countries.
Much of the current energy supply is derived from
non-renewable resources and therefore at some point
in the future these energy sources will diminish or end.
All forms of energy supply result in some
form of negative environmental impacts.
Most
notably, fossil fuel consumption leads to generally
diminished air quality and greenhouse gas emissions
that contribute to global climate change. The Kyoto
Accord represents an important first step but only a
first step in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Nipper estimates we will need to cut the use of fossil
2. Methodology.
Humber Colleges electromechanical lab was
used as the controlled setting. The lab consists of a
series of small electric motors all with electrical
4
1800
3
208
60
0.0137
0.0817
0.0318
0.0138
0.006
0.020
79.4
hp
Pole
rpm
Phase
V
Hz
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m
W/mK
face, the motor coils, the pulley and the support hot
and cold ends. The FLIR cameras software permits
acquisition of an average temperature over an area as
well as point values.
The conduction loss was determined from the
temperatures at either end of the support legs and from
the physical properties of the motor according to
Equation 4.
Equation 1
e =
Pmechanical
(100) =
Pelectrical
30 (100)
3VI cos( )
Equation 4
Pconduction =
Ac (Th Tc )
d
Equation 5
Equation 2
IR =
Pmechanical
(100)
Pmechanical + Pthermal _ loss
100 100
S = HP * ML * Hr * 0.746 * $kWh *
Eff A Eff B
Radiation
Convection
Motor
Electrical Power
Mechanical
Power
Conduction
Pcond . =
Pm = N
Ac (Th Tc )
30
FLIR Systems
60.9 C
60
Coil
Pulley
Support
40
Face
20
18.8
Equation 8
(1 + i )n 1
C
NPV = S
n
i
+
i
(
1
)
Object Parameter
Emissivity
Atmospheric Temperature
Atmospheric Transmission
Label
Support: Max
Support: Min
Pulley: Average
Face: Average
Coil: Average
Value
0.95
20.0 C
0.99
Value
40.9 C
39.6 C
33.8 C
46.0 C
60.1 C
FLIR Systems
56.0 C
Housing
40
20
18.8
Object Parameter
Emissivity
Atmospheric Temperature
Atmospheric Transmission
Label
Housing: Average
19
78
79
83
88
109
117
30.8
60.2
59.6
60.2
60.9
61.8
58.8
42.0
62.6
61.7
63.6
60.1
60.0
60.5
40
47
55
62
65
69
87
46.0
49.8
50.5
53.5
55.3
57.0
58.0
60.5
60.4
64.2
59.7
60.7
67.4
62.1
9
28
87
92
97
101
127
15.0
36.9
64.1
67.8
69.0
63.4
65.2
40.6
55.0
71.0
69.0
68.3
71.3
60.5
Value
0.95
20.0 C
0.99
Value
48.9 C
120.00
% of Electrical Energy
0.800
0.600
0.400
80.00
% Mechanical
60.00
% Conduction
40.00
% Radiation
20.00
0.00
0.200
% Unaccounted
100.00
% Convection
9
28
87
92
97
100
127
% Load
0.000
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
20.0
% Difference
(e-t)/e
0.0
-20.0
-40.0
-60.0
-80.0
-100.0
0
50
100
150
78
79
83
88
109
117
158
177
175
164
195
339
34
52
22
109
166
167
62
65
69
87
276
243
213
260
50
41
-63
61
87
92
97
101
127
70
-22
-52
118
102
-113
-75
-58
-116
185
4. Conclusions.
5. Nomenclature.
P = Power (W)
A = Surface area of the motor (m2)
Tm = Temperature of the motor (K)
Ts = Temperature of the surroundings (K)
Th = Hot Temperature of the support (C)
6. Acknowledgements
Financial support for this work has been
provided by the NSERC Chairs in Environmental
Design Engineering program and by McNeil
Consumer Healthcare. A scholarship for MN has been
provided by Materials and Manufacturing Ontario (an
Ontario Centre of Excellence).
We would like to thank Dr. T. Sharma for
providing access to Humber Colleges electrical
machines laboratory.
7. References.
[1] Nipper, Simon, Energy Is Now Part of the Big
Picture, Facilities Management, November,
2000 pp. 14-15.
[2] Bonnette, Austin H., Understanding the
Changing Requierments and Opportunities for
Improvement of Operating Efficiency of AC
Motors, IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, 1993, pp. 600-610.
[3] Graedel, Thomas, E., Streamlined Life-Cycle
Assessment, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998.
[4] Rennie, Ian, Improving Motor Efficiency for a
Better Environment, ABB Review, 2000, pp. 2027.
[5] Bonnette, Austin H., An Overview of How AC
Induction Motor Performance Has Been Affected