Key OS

#timeThey have estimated running times of 8, 6, 2, 10, and 4 minutes | 8 minutes
#How many percent of the CPU time is wasted, when a computer system has enough r
oom to hold two program and these programs are idle waiting for I/O half the tim
e | 25
#The first-come, first-served (FCFS) algorithm is fine for most systems | Batch
#the main characteristic of embedded operating system | memory size, speed of CP
U, screen size, powers
#The operating system does each of the following except | Ensures that...their e
xecution
#The process is the computational environment that includes each of the followin
g except | Operating system
#Threads can be implemented in each of the following ways except | Parent/child
processes
#Files are distinguished from other resources except that | The interface...most
other resources
#A UNIX process contains each of the following except | Thread segment
#The process manager deals with the following except | Window management
#The process manager commonly interacts with other components except | Device co
ntroller
#A trap instruction doesn t cause this CPU hardware step to occur | Return control
...trap instruction
#Booting a contemporary general purpose computer involves the following steps, e
xcept | Starting the command interpreter
#A common class of interrupt is | I/O
#A computer provides the user a virtual address space of 2^32 Words | 34567
#A Control/Status register that contains the address of the next instruction to
be fetched is called the | Program Counter (PC)
#A fetched instruction is normally loaded into | Program Counter
#A file is generally defined to be | A collection of similar records
#A page fault means that we referenced a page | that was not in main memory
#A possibility of deadlock can occur | If a system is in unsafe state
#A system has four processes and five allocated resources | 3
#A system with 32 bit virtual addressIf the page size is 16KB words and each tab
le entry occupies 4 bytes, what is the size of the page table | 1 MB
#All deadlocks involve conflicting needs for resources by | Two or more processe
s
#allows a resource to be held by a process as long as it is needed | No preempti
on condition
#An example of the key differences that can exist across (and even in) classes o
f I/O devices is | All of the above
#An Operating System is | A program...computer hardware
#Assume the following events and actions take placeThe following statement is tr
ueEvent Action | Event 6 caused deadlock
#1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6How many page faults
would occur for the FIFO replacement algorithms, assuming six frames | 10
#1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6How many page faults
would occur for the Optimal replacement algorithms, assuming six frames | 7
#Create,Delete,Open are to provide operations on files | Threads
#Device Driver is normally written by | Device's Manufacturer
#Dijkstra's Banker's Algorithm require the system to maintain the resource infor
mation for each process, including | The maximum...+The number...
#File structure can be | All of the other choices
#P-Priority scheduling; F- First-come, first-Server (run in order 8, 6, 2, 10, 4
); S-Shortest job first, determine the mean process turnaround timeIgnore proces
s | P-16.8, F-18.8, S-14
#is specified to indicate the directory where the file is located | Path
#How many is virtual memory bigger physical memory | 2
#If a deadlocked system, the processes can | do nothing
#If I-node contains 10 direct addresses of 4 byte and all disk blocks are 1024KB
, what is largest possible file | 10 MB
#If in a resource-allocation graph, each resource type has exactly one instance,
which of the following indicate a deadlock situation | The graph has at least o
ne cycle
#In a single processor system, mutual exclusion can be guaranteed by | Disabling
interrupts
#In a system employing a paging scheme for memory management, wasted space is du
e to | Internal fragmentation
#In general, which is the best technique for I/O Data transfer | Direct Memory A
ccess
#In order to implement mutual exclusion on a critical resource for competing pro
cesses, only one program at a time should be allowed | In the critical region of
the program
#In Term of storage ultilization the best method of dynamic Storage Allocation i
s | First fit
#enviroments preemtion is essential | None of the other choices
#is a block of formatted information used by processes to communicate | message
#is when each process involved in the impasse is waiting for another to voluntar
ily release the resource so that at least one will be able to continue on | Circ
ular-wait condition
#LRU replaces the page that has spent the | longest time in memory without
#MS-DOS is a example of | Monolithic system
#Page replacement algorithms determine | page to remove to provide space
#Personal desktop computers use a operating system | Single-user,multitask
#Random Access memory | Is volatile
#Shortest Job First Schedulers | Avoid Starvation + Minimize
#The actual location in main memory is called | Absolute address
#The aspect of disk performance that represents the time it take to position the
head a desired track is known as | Rotational delay
#The following requirement must be met by any facility or capability that is to
provide support for mutual exclusion | All of the above
#The four main structural elements of a computer system are | Processor, Main Me
mory, I/O Modules, System Bus
#The general role of an operating system is to | Provide a set of services to sy
stem users
#The Hardware mechanism that enables a device to notify the CPU is called | Inte
rrupt
#The i-nodes are used in which of the following allocation methods | Indexed all
ocation
#busily waits for an I/O operation to complete is called | Programmed I/O
#busy waits for an I/O operation to complete is called | Programmed I/O
#The interface between the operating system kernel and the user program is defin
ed by the set of that the operating system provides | System calls
#The major operating system services provide mechanisms for secure and efficient
| All of the other choice
#The page table for each process maintains | The frame location for
#The permanent blocking of a set of processes that compete for system resources
is called | Deadlock
#The scheduling strategy where each process in the queue is given a certain amou
nt of time, in turn, to execute and then returned to the queue, unless blocked i
s referred to as | Round-Robin
#The second-chance page-replacement algorithm | Moves pages...FIFO queue...
#The sheduling Strategy where each process in the queue is given a certain amoun
t the time | Roung-Robin
#The special files are | Both
#The system is said to be in an unsafe state if | The operating...complete their
work
#The task of subdividing memory between the OS and processes is performed automa
tically by the OS and is called | Memory Management
#The term multilprogramming means | Switching
#The two basic types of processor registers are | General and special registers
#The command will list all working processes | Ps

#Typical approaches to handle deadlocks do not include | Deterrence
#Typical operations on a byte stream file do not include the following | Delete
#What are the allocation methods of disk blocks for files | All of the above
#What is a "stripping" in RAID | Distributing data over multiple drives
#correct about trap instructions and interrupts | All of the above
#is incorrect about contiguous allocation of files | it does not cause disk frag
mentation
#What is interrupt vector | Part of memory...interrupt handlers
#is not a main function of an operating system | Provide user interfaces
#What is not correct about system calls | In terms of...procedure calls
#What is Software proposal in the solution of Mutual exclusion with Busy waiting
| All of the above
#What is the characteristic of deadlocked systems | Circular wait
#is the correct approach with the Hold and Wait condition to prevent Deadlock |
Request all resources initially
#is the correct approach with the Mutual Exclusion condition to prevent Deadlock
| Spool everything
#What is the main difference function between Operating Systems for Mainframe co
mputer and Personal computer | Many I/O devices
#What is the method to keep track of memory usages | Bit Maps + Linked Lists
#is the purpose of CPU scheduling algorithms | Allocate memory
#is the purpose of process synchronization | Let different
#is the value of mode bit in User Mode | File Management
#is the weakness of the Banker s algorithm | Requiring
#What kind of I/O devices that disks and tapes belong to | Block-oriented device
s
#What part of the boot process determines whether the peripheral devices are wor
king properly | Post
#When a virtual memory system manages memory in fixed length units, Which of the
following terms correctly represents its unit | page
#When an external device becomes ready to be serviced by the processor, the devi
ce sends this signal to the processor | Interrupt signal
#Which command can be used to display the contents of a file on the screen | Cat
#Which command can be used to list all file (include hidden files) inside curren
t directory | is-a
#Which command is used to change a file s name | Mv
#Which command is used to display the absolute pathname for the directory that y
ou are working in | Pwd
#Which command is used to jump on sub-directory | chage n
#Which command will display current day | date
#Which command would you use to create a sub-directory in your home directory |
Mkdir
#wrong statement about the quantum used in Round Robin algorithm | None of the a
bove
#is not a goal of a scheduling algorithm for batch systems | Response time
#is not an example of resource that is commonly space-multiplexed | Hard Drive
#is the correct description of transitions between process states below | 1: Pro
cess; 2: Scheduler; 3: Scheduler
#Which is the difference between personal computers and mainframe computers | Al
l of the above
#is the voluntary-condition which terminated process | Error exit
#actions generates an external interrupt | An input/output
#actions generates an hardware interrupt | An input/output operation is complete
d
#cannot be shared among different threads of a process | Stack
#Which of the following I/O software device layers is done by user-level softwar
e | Converting
#I/O software device layers is done by user-level software | Converting binary i
ntegers to ASCII for printing
#information bits in the entry of page table is used to indicate Page Fault | Pr
esent/absent bit
#information bits used by the various page replacement policies indicates if th
e page has been called lately | Referenced bit
#instructions should be allowed in user mode | Read the time-of-day clock
#is a hardware solution to the critical region problem | TSL
#is a preemptive scheduling algorithm | Round Robin
#is an operating system component | Process management
#is appropriate to determine program size and create page table | Process creati
on
#is appropriate to release page table and pages | Process termination time
#is not a condition necessary for deadlock to exist | preemption condition
#is not a CPU scheduling criterion | Response time
#is not a path name for the file /etc/passwd | None of the above
#is not a view of operating system | An abstract computer
#is not a well-known techniques for organizing the physical storage blocks for a
file | Indexed block allocation
#is not able to solve the race condition | Shared memory
#is not correct about hard links and symbolic links | Hard links can point to fi
les on other machines
#is not correct about the reliability of different RAID levels | All RAID levels
can survive one disk crash
#is not correct about user-level threads | With user-level...cannot be implement
ed
#is specified to indicate the directory where the file is located | Path name
#is true about the block size in disk space management | the larger...utilizatio
n is
#is used in mutual exclusion (exclusive control) | Contention
#process state transitions are illegal | waiting -> running
#process state transitions are legal | running -> ready
#vabout segmentation is false | None of the other choices
#about semaphores is true | All of the other choices
#about user-level threads and kernel-level threads is correct | None of the othe
r choices
#is correct about Shortest Job First | Minimize average waiting time
#is incorrect about timesharing and multiprogramming systems | All multiprogram
ming systems
#Which of the following statements is incorrect about user mode and kernel mode
| None of the above
#is not correct about Device independence | device independence...devices direct
ly
#is not correct about DMA | DMA controller faster than CPU
#synchronization mechanisms does not rely on busy-waiting | Semaphores
#part of a disk is used to boot the computer | MBR
#about DMA is incorrect | The controller
#is used in the Banker algorithm for dealing with deadlocks | Deadlock avoidance
#is when, in modern printing system, a disk accepts output from several users an
d acts as a temporary storage area for all output until the printer is ready to
accept it | Spooling
#writes the bottom 10 lines of a file to the screen | Tail
#writes the first 10 lines of a file to the screen | Head
#0 0 1 X 2 ,A system has four processes and five allocatable resourcesThe curren
t allocation and maximum needs are as follows..What is the smallest value of X f
or which this is a safe state | 1
#The operating system maintains a data structure called a | process descriptor
#Certain parts of processes that should not be executed concurrently are called
| critical sections
#On a magnetic disk, which is not a critical timing characteristic | Sector head
er erasure time
#10A computer has 2GB RAM of which the operating system..The process are all 450
MB and have the same characte..percent of the CPU time is wasted, when these pr
ograms..20% of the time | 4
#Which is not a characteristic of a thread | Thread parent identifier
#process state transitions is correct, when the scheduler picks a process from t
he ready queue to run | Ready - > running
#Basic process states include the following except | done
#In the bounded buffer problem solution, counting semaphores serve two purposes
| synchronization and count of the buffers
#process state transitions is correct, when the external event for which a proce
ss was waiting happens | Running -> Blocked (waiting)
#is a synchronization mechanism in which only one process/thread may be executin
g any of its member procedures at any given time | Monitor
#Which is the least common reason that a running thread might cease using the CP
U | Thread involuntarily releases CPU
#Operating system abstraction supports the ability to have operation even when t
here is only one CPU available | Pseudoparallelism
#How many context switches occur whenever application processes are multiplexed
| 4
#What is the sequential processes concept | No concurrency inside a process
#The operating system maintains a data structure called a | process descriptor..
.a process
#The OS implementation of a scheduler normally does not include | Procedure call
handler code
#The basic ideal behind the microkernel design is | All of the other choices
#In the synchronization context, process creation and destruction tend to be qui
te costly operations because of the following, except | Parent processes...child
processes
#Modern memory managers provide | larger than the physical machine s memory
#The main characteristics of layered system does not include | Each layer runs i
ndependently
#Files | abstraction of storage devices
#about test-and-set is incorrect | Test-and-set...machine instructions
#in a task of process management of OS | All of the other choices
#about AND synchronization are true except | Simultaneous semaphore...basic sema
phore
#The techniques by which a user-mode program can request kernel services include
| system call
#in an Operating system component | Process Management
#Device driver | is a collection of functions
#about monitors is incorrect | Monitors can solve...semaphores
#is not correct about system calls | system call is better than using procedure
calls
#Modern memory managers provide | Virtual Memory
#The collection of addresses that a thread can reference is called the | process
address space
#about IPC is incorrect | sender and receiver are on different machines
#The interface between the oprating system kernel and t..defined by the set of t
hat the operating system | System call
#The operating system does each of the following except | Ensures that...their e
xecution
#Thread descriptor | is the data structure...management information
#What is the main characteristic of embedded operating system | memory size, spe
ed of CPU, screen size, powers
#When a process s execution is paused | contents of the registers must be
#the main characteristic of Sensor Node operating system | is usually event driv
en
#The wait time in a timesharing system is also known as | response time
#Threads can be implemented in each of the following ways except | Parent/child
processes
#is not a main function of an operating system | Provide user interfaces
#Certain parts of processes that should not be executed concurrently are called
| critical sections
#Files are distinguished from other resources except that | interface is excepti
onally complex
#Where is the position of the opreating system in computer system | Above the ha
rdware and under
#A UNIX process contains each of the following except | Thread segment
#The ___P___ | semaphore operation is intended to atomically
#Information that must be saved prior to the processor transferring control to t
he interrupt handler routine includes | PSW and PC
#In the bounded buffer problem solution, counting semaphores serve two purposes
| synchronization and count of the buffers
#The process manager deals with the following except | Window management
#One examples of deadlocks that are not related to a computer- system environmen
t | Two cars crossing a single-lane
#What is interrupt vector | Part of memory which contains the addresses
#The process manager commonly interacts with other components except | Device co
ntroller
#Monitor | is a synchronization mechanism
#As one proceeds down the memory hierarchy (from inboard memory to offline stora
ge), which of the following conditions is correct | Increasing capacity
#A messag | is a block of formatted information used
#A trap instruction doesn t cause this CPU hardware step to occur | Return control
to the user code
ge), the following conditions apply | All of the other choices
#Booting a contemporary general purpose computer involves the following steps, e
xcept | Starting the command interpreter
#is not a opreating mode of CPU | Management mode
#are an abstraction of storage devices | file
#On a magnetic disk, which is not a critical timing characteristic | Sector head
er erasure time
#nstructions should be allowed only in kernel mode | Disable all interrupts
#not a characteristic of a thread | Thread parent identifier
#Examples of general purpose stored program computers include .except | MP3 player
#Basic process states include the following except | done
mory, I/O Modules, System Bus
#is the least common reason that a running thread might cease using the CPU | Th
read involuntarily releases CPU
#All CPU may have multiple execution units, so that can carry out...instructions
in the same time in called | Superscalar
#How many context switches occur whenever application processes are multiplexed
| 4
#multiple threads in the same time is called | Multicore
#The OS implementation of a scheduler normally does not include | Procedure call
handler code
#is a portion of a process that can run independently | Thread
#In the synchronization context, process creation and destruction tend to be qui
te costly operations because of the following, except | Parent processes...child
processes
#How many ways is Thread implemented | 3
#about test-and-set is incorrect | Test-and-set...machine instructions
#conditions must be held to mutual exclusion | All of the other choices
#about AND synchronization are true except | Simultaneous semaphore is slightly
more powerful than basic semaphore
#Critical Region (Section) concept used in interprocess communication is | A par
t of the program where the shared memory is accessed
#about monitors is incorrect | Monitors can solve...solvable with semaphores

#about disadvantage of Disabling Interrupts | All of the other choices
#The techniques by which a user-mode program can request kernel services include
| system call
#about IPC is incorrect | If the sender and...two processes
#Which of the following statements is a hardware solution to the critical region
problem | TSL
#is true about Atomic action on semaphores | All of the other choices
#statements about semaphores is true | All of the other choices
#is true about hardware solution to the critical region problem | Disable Interr
upts
#is Software proposal in the solution of Mutual | Peterson s Solution
#is not a CPU scheduling criterion | Burst time
#How many level of scheduling are used in computer | 3
#environments preemptive | Interactive
#is a preemptive scheduling algorithm | Round Robin
#Five batch jobs A through E .They have estimated running times of 8,6,2,10 .priorit
ies are 3,5,2,1 and 4 | 10.8 mins
#is a collection of functions that abstract the operation of a particular device
interface | Device driver
#Five batch jobs A through E, arrive at FCFS | 12.8 mins
#Assume jobs A-D arrive in quick succession .robin scheduling (quantum=4), the tur
naround Arrival time: 0 1 2 3 | 20
#statements about the memory | None of the other choices
#is true about disk storage in the | Gigabytes of slow cheap memory
#In terms of storage utilization the best method of is | Best fit
#is a method to keep track of memory usages | Both Memory Management
#Consider a swapping system in which the memory sizes : 10K, 4K, 20K, 15K, 9KAssum
e best fit are taken for successive segment request of 8K, 12K | 9K,15K,10K
#Consider a swapping system in which the memory sizes : 10K, 4K, 20K, 15K, 9KAssum
e worst are taken for successive segment request of 8 K | 20K,15K,10K
#One of the most important innovations of demand paging was that it made | Virtu
al memory
#The collection of addresses that a thread can reference is called the | process
address space
#gives users the appearance that their programs are being completely loaded in m
ain memory during their entire processing time | Virtual memory
#The page size that is too small will generate | Very long Page tables
#about the Inverted Page Table are true | An entry...page frame
#If there are 256 pages and the page size is 4K word, what is the length of logi
cal address | 20 bits
#If there are 128 pages and the page size is 32 K word, what is the length of lo
gical address | 22 bits
#A system with 32 bit virtual addressIf the page size is x KB words and each tab
le entry occupies 4 bytes, what is the size of the page table | x=16 1 mb, x= 2
mb
#s incorrect about Translation Look-aside Buffer | A TLB miss implies a disk ope
ration will follow
#is a simplest design for speeding up Paging | page table is loaded into registe
rs
#Working set model is used for | finding the minimum...thrashing
#is the data structure where the OS keeps thread management information | Thread
descriptor
#When a process s execution is paused | contents of the registers
#The wait time in a timesharing system is also known as | response time
#How many percent of the CPU time wasted, when a..enough room to hold two progra
ms and these programs..10% of time | 1
#One-at-a-time shared used | Mutual exclusion
#a 3.8 ghz processor performs work at a rate of | 3.8 billon machine cycles per
second
#le system use s 24-bit disk addresses with the block size 4 KBWhat is the maxim
um partition size | 64 GB
#A binary program may also be known as each of the following except | Process pr
ogram
#A binary semaphore | has the values one or zero
#a blue ray disc holds more data than a dvd | true
#A computer provides the user with virtual address space of 2^28 wordsPages of s
ize 4096 (2^12) wordsIf the hexadecimal virtual address is 3456789, the page num
ber in hexadecimal would be | 3456
#A computer uses a programmable clock in square-wave modeIf 500 MHz crystal is u
sed, what should be the value of the holding register to achieve a clock resolut
ion of 1 msec | 500,000
#A Control/Status register that contains the address of the next instruction to
be fetched is called the | Program Counter
#A CPU may have multiple execution units, so that can carry out multiple instruc
tions in the same time is called | Superscalar
#A critical region | is a piece of code which only one process executes at a tim
e
#A deadlock is preceded by six simultaneous conditions that the operating system
could have recognized | False
#A disadvantage of preemptive scheduling is | increased overhead
#total number of cylinders traversed if we are using SSTF disc scheduling algori
thm | 236
#total number of cylinders traversed if we are using C-LOOK disc scheduling algo
rithm | 355
#total number of cylinders traversed if we are using C-SCAN disc scheduling algo
rithm | 382
#total number of cylinders traversed if we are using FCFS disc scheduling algori
thm | 640
#total number of cylinders traversed if we are using SCAN disc scheduling algori
thm | 252
#A disk queue with requests for I/O blocks on cylinders in orders: 12, 23 | 79.4
#A disk use 24-bit disk addresses What is the percentage of disk space that must
be free so that the free list uses less space than the bit map | 4.167
#A DVD with a fast data transfer rate will drop fewer frames when playing back a
recorded video segment than will a unit with a slower transfer rate | True
#A file is generally defined to be | A collection of similar records
#A fixed-head disk is lower in cost than a movable head disk | False
#A hybrid system is a combination of the ____ systems | batch and interactive
#A job s working set is the set of pages residing in memory that can be accessed i
ndirectly | False
#A machine with 512 (2^9) MB memory has a 32-bit memory wordThe frame size is 12
8 (2^7) wordsHow many bits are used to indicate the frame number | 20 bits
#A major distinction between events and semaphores is that if no thread is waiti
ng when a signal is raised, the result of the signal() operation is not save and
its occurrence will have no effect | True
#A major problem with priority scheduling is | Starvation
#a million machine cycle per second would be wriiten as megahertz (mhz) | True
#a mini port allows you to connect | electronic musical instruments
#A monitor forces a process to wait if another process is currently executing on
e of the monitor s member functions | True
#A multiprogramming OS allows more than one process at a time to be loaded into
the primary memory, but limits processes to one thread each | False
#A network that s congested or has filled a large percentage of its I/O buffer spa
ce can become deadlocked if it doesn t have | protocols
#A operation concerning Stable Storage is | all of the other choices
#A page fault means that we reference a page | that was not in main memory
#A page fault means that we referenced a page | that was not in main memory
#A page fault occurs | when the page is not in the memory
#A process is another name for | a job

#A process is starved | if it is permanently waiting for a resource
#A process is | A sequential program in execution
#A process may be in anyone of the following states | 1 and 2 is correct
#A process may hold allocated resources while awaiting assignment of other resou
rces best describes which one of the following conditions | Hold and wait
#A process requires space in main memory where it resides during its execution a
lthough, from time to time, it requires other resources such as data files or I/
O devices | True
#A process said to be in state if it was waiting for an event that will never oc
cur | Dead lock
#A program at the time of executing is called | Process
#A rendezvous requires | no buffering
#A request cycle in the resource graph | Circular wait
#A scheduling algorithm is fair | if no process faces starvation
#A server has 5 printers attached to it, and n currently running processesEach p
rocess may require access to m printersFor which of the following values of m an
d n is the system susceptible to deadlocks | n=4, m=3
#A set of resources' allocations such that the system can allocate resources to
each process in some order, and still avoid a deadlock is called | Safe state
#A simple structuring model for monolithic system includes | All of the other ch
oices
#a solution to the problem that causes thrashing is to buy a new keyboard | fals
e
#a sound card is attached to the inside of your computer speaker | false
#A supercomputer can perform floating-point operations per second | 2.4 trillion
#A synchronization mechanism that is higher level than hardware-based approaches
and provides a counter for solving a variety of synchronization problems | Sema
phore
#A system with 32 bit virtual addressIf the page size is 4 KB and each table ent
ry occupies 4 bytes, what is the size of the page table | 4 MB
#A system with a 32-bit virtual addressIt uses the ?rst 20 bits to indicate the
page numberEach table entry takes 4 bytes What is the size of the page table | 4
MB#
#A system with divides programs into parts and keep them in secondary storage, b
ringing each part into memory only as it is needed | virtual memory
#A table in main memory storing linked list allocation of disk blocks is called
| File Allocation Table
#A table points to routines that handle interrupts is called | Interrupt vector
#A thread is a process | Light wieght
#A thread | is a lightweight process where the context switching is low
#A time-sharing system is | All of the above
#A typical computer houses devices to perform audio, video, and graphic creation
and editing | multimedia
#Carriage returnHow many characters are passed to the user program if keyboard i
nput is in raw mode, in cooked mode | Raw mode: 12Cooked mode: 6
#clock page replacement policy because it is implemented with a circular queue a
nd uses a pointer to step through the reference bits of the active pages, simula
ting a clockwise motion | True
#a video card is an expansion card installed inside your | system unit
#is a group of related records that contains information to be used by specific
application programs to generate reports | File
#of processing must be handled as a unit | critical region
#access time is the time required to locate stored data on a hard disk drive | t
rue
#According to the Banker s Algorithm an unsafe state always leads to deadlock | Fa
lse
#acessing data from the hard drive to send to the the cpu is faster than acessin
g data from ram | false
#adaptive mutexes are used in | Solaris 2
#Additional complex configurations of RAID can be created by combining multiple

levels | True
#After relocation and compaction, both the free list and the busy list are updat
ed | True
#All deadlocks involve conflicting needs for resources by | Two or more processe
s
#All of the following are common measures of performance except | reliability
#all of the following can be used in a windows file name except | dau sao
#allocate smallest hole that fit | Best fit
#allocate the first hole that fit from the beginning | First fit
#allocate the first hole that fit since last operation | Next fit
#allocate the largest hole | Worst fit
#Allocate the smallest hole that is big enough , is which type of fit in dynamic
storage allocation problem | Best fit
#Allows users to interact with their programs by switching among them fast enoug
h that the response time is usually tolerable | time-shared systems
#Among CPU scheduling policies, First Come First Serve (FCFS) is attractive beca
use | it is simple to implement
#Among CPU scheduling policies, Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) is attracti
ve because | it minimizes the average waiting time in the system
#Among the many differences between an optical disc and a magnetic disk is the d
esign of the disc track and sectors | True
#an evaluation of your computer storage | false
#An example of the key differences that can exist across (and even in) classes o
f I/O devices is | All of the above
#An interrupt is the same as a trap in that they both | cause the...branch to a
handler
#An interrupt that leaves the machine in well-defined state is called a | Precis
e interrupt
#An operating system is distinguished from other system software by each of the
following except | The hardware...generally optional
#An optical disc drive adjusts the speed of the disc s spin to compensate for the
sector s location on the disc this is called continuous linkage velocity | False
#An optimal scheduling algorithm in terms of minimizing the average waiting time
of a given set of processes is | Shorest job - first scheduling algorithm
#An OS uses a paging system with 1Kbyte pagesA given process uses a virtual addr
ess space of 128K and is assigned 16K of physical memoryHow many entries does it
s page table contain | 128
#O requests are currently pending for blocks on tracks 1, 3, 8, 11, 15, and 16Th
e disk arm is currently at track 9 and moving upwardsIn what order will these re
quests be handled | 11, 15, 16, 8, 3, 1
#Antivirus and security programs are ex | true
#ApI create redunancies in software code | false
#are fast becoming the most perferred means of portable storage | flash drives
#As a job moves through the system it is always in one of five states (or at lea
st three); these are called the job status or the process status | True
ge), which of the following conditions is correct | Increasing access time
#Assume jobs A-D arrive in quick succession .robin scheduling (quantum=4), the ave
rage | 18.25
#Assume jobs A-D arrive in quick succession in the READY queueUsing round robin
scheduling (quantum=4), the turnaround time for job D is | 22
#Assume jobs A-D arrive in quick succession in the READY queueUsing round robin
scheduling, the turnaround time for job C is | 24
#Assume that four jobs A-D require the CPU | 25
#Assume that four jobs A-D require the CPU cycles listed belowUsing the SJN algo
rithm, the average turnaround time is | 9.0
#Assume that four jobs A-D require the CPUT cycles listed below | B
#Assume that the Page Map Table below is in effectThe number of lines per page i
s 400The actual memory location for line 433 is | 4033
#one first-come first-served queue and three round-robin queues with quantum = 8
, 16, and 32 milliseconds respectivelyWhat is the quantum of the first-come firs
t-served queue | none of the others
#The page-reference string has length p; n distinct page numbers occur in itAns
wer these questions for any page-replacement algorithmsWhat is a lower bound on
the number of page faults and what is an upper bound on the number of page fault
s | n, p
#events and actions take placeThe following statement | There is no deadlock
#events and actions take placeThe following statement is trueEvent Action | Even
t 6 caused deadlock
#is the beginning address of the block granted by the Memory Manager | 7600
#Automatic detection by the compiler of instructions that can be performed in pa
rallel is called | implicit parallelism
#because the operating system coordinates the flow of infor | traffic cop
#bluetooth transmits data using radio waves | True
#Boundary registers | Track page boundaries
#By compacting and relocating, the Memory Manager optimizes the use of memory an
d thus improves throughput, but an unfortunate side effect is more | overhead
#Bytes per sector = 512 Sector strack = 63 Number of Magnetic disks = 5 Tracks p
latter = 50 The total number of bytesplatter is | 268937512X 63 X 50
#C-SCAN is also known as | Circular scan
#cache is a form of memory | true
#Card systems date from the earliest computers, which relied on punched cards or
tape for input when a job was entered by assembling the cards into a deck and r
unning the entire deck of cards through a card reader as a group | False
#Causes the outcome to depend on the order in which concurrent accesses take pla
ce and is often associated with non-deterministic behavior | race condition
#Choose the correct statement about safe and unsafe states | To avoidance deadlo
ck - sensure that
#about deadlock prevention | 2, 3
#Code inside a critical section should | all of the above
#Consider a disk with a mean see k time of 8 msec, a rotational rate of 12,000 r
pm, and 524,288 bytes per trackWhat is the average access time for block sizes o
f 8 KB | 10.578 msec
#Consider a logical address space of eight pages of 1024 words each, mapped onto
a physical memory of 32 framesHow many bits are there in the logical address |
Logical address 13 bits
#Consider a logical address space of eight pages of 1024 words each, mapped onto
a physical memory of 32 framesHow many bits are there in the physical address |
Physical address 15 bits
#Consider a swapping system in which memory consists of the following hole sizes
in memory | 20 KB, 10 KB, 18 KB#
#Consider a swapping system in which memory of the following hole sizes in memor
y order | 12KB, 10KB, 9 KB
#Consider a swapping system in which the memory consists of the following hole s
izes: 10 K, 4 K, 20 K, 15 K, 9 KAssume first fit algorithm is usedWhich holes ar
e taken for successive segment requests of 8 K, 12 K, 10 K | 10 K, 20 K, 15 K
#Consider an i-node which contain 8 direct addresses of 4 bytes | 264 KB
#purchasing (P1) and sales (P2), which are active at the same timeThey each need
to access two files, inventory (F1) and suppliers (F2), to update daily transac
tionsThe | sales (P2)...supplier file (F2)
#Consider the following four casesThe LRU policy, will be least likely to swap |
Case 4
#Then select page to be swapped out using page removal algorithm update job s Page
Map Table If content of page had been changed then | write page to disk
#Consider the following page fault handler algorithmReplace the in the algorithm
with | write page to disk
#How many page faults would occur for the LRU replacement algorithms, assuming s
ix frames | 7
#The FIFO page replacement algorithm with 3 frames would give lesser number of f
aults for | Reference string II

#arrival times and CPU execution times given in millisecondsA process with a lar
ger priority number has a higher priorityCalculate the average waiting times for
nonpreemptive SJF scheduling | 19.4 msec
#arrival times and CPU execution times given in millisecondsA process with a lar
ger priority number has a higher priorityCalculate the average waiting times for
RR scheduling with a time quantum of 4 msec | 39.4 msec
#The processes are assumed to have arrived in the order P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, all
at time 0.Sort these scheduling algorithms by ascending the average turnaround t
ime of these processes | SJF, Round Robin RR
#The processes are assumed to have arrived in the order P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, all
at time 0.What is the average turnaround time of these processes using the sched
uling algorithms FCFS | 13.4
#processes using the scheduling algorithms nonpreemptive priority | 12.0
#processes using the scheduling algorithms Round Robin RR | 9.2
#processes using the scheduling algorithms SJF | 7.0
#Consider the following snapshot of a system | None of the above
#Context Switching is | part of interrupt handling
#CPU burst distribution is generally characterized as | Exponential or hyper-exp
onential
#CPU performance is measured through | Throughpu
#CPU Scheduling algorithms are used for | the next process to run from the PCBs
in the ready list
#CPU scheduling is the basis of operating systems | Multiprogramming
#cpu stands for computer processing unit | false
#Critical Region (Section) concept used in interprocess communication is | A par
t of the program
#critical section | A section of...exclusion is enforced
#customizeed setting such desktop dispalys and mouse speed are recorded in | the
registry
#Data recorded on fixed-head DASDs may or may not be blocked at the discretion o
f the | application programmer
#data transfer rate is expressed in hertz | false
#Deadlock does not usually affect the entire system | False
#Deadlock is a system-wide tangle of resource requests that begins when two or m
ore jobs are put on hold, each waiting for a vital resource to become available
| True
#Deadlock occur when the system have | All of the above are correct
#Deadlock was a serious problem for early batch systems | False
#Deadlocks are most serious in real-time systems | True
#Demand paged memory allocation | allows the virtual...physical memory
#Demand paging requires that the Page Map Table for each job keep track of each
page as it is loaded or removed from main memory | True
#Demand paging was the first widely used scheme that removed the restriction of
having the entire job in memory from the beginning to the end of its processing
| True
#Device Driver is normally written by | Device's Manufacturer
#Device drivers implement the device independent aspects of device management |
False
#Dijkstra s Banker s Algorithm require the system to maintain the resource informati
on for each process, including | The maximum resources , The number of resources
#Algorithm require the system to maintain the resource information for each proc
ess, including | B and C
#Direct access storage devices (DASDs) are devices that can directly read or wri
te to a specific place on a disk | true
#Disk can be divided up into one or more partitionsThe first block of every part
ition is called | Boot block
#DMA operations require the following information from the processor | All
#during boot process BIOS is responsible for loading the OS from the hard drive
into RAM | True
#During compaction, the operating system must distinguish between addresses and
data values, and the distinctions are not obvious once the program has been load
ed into memory | True
#During the second generation, programmers started dividing their programs into
sections that resembled working sets, really segments, originally called roll in
/roll out and now called | overlays
#Each active thread in a process shares the and the resources allocated to its p
rocess | data area
#Each device attached to your computer comes with a special program called a tha
t facilitates the communication between the device and the OS | device driver
#Each job is uniquely identified by the user s identification and a pointer connec
ting it to its descriptor | True
#each of the following is a type of port except | FSB
#Each page of a job is actually stored in a page frame that can be located anywh
ere in available main memory | True
#Each process is represented in operating system by | Process control block
#Every time an instruction is executed, or a data value is used, the operating s
ystem (or the hardware) must translate the job space address, which is relative,
into its physical address, which is absolute | True
#Explain the concept of transaction atomicity | transaction is a...commit operat
ion
#Failure to lock database records before updating them may result in a between p
rocesses | race
#FCFS scheduling is | Non Preemptive Scheduling
#Few major advances were made in data management during the 1960s | True
#FIFO scheduling is | Non Preemptive Scheduling
#File Structure can be | All of the above
#as requested | P2 requests drive 2 and gets it
#firewire is commonly used to connect digital video devices to a computer | true
#First-come, first-served (FCFS) is a very simple algorithm to implement because
it | uses a FIFO queue
#First-come, first-served (FCFS) is the simplest device-scheduling algorithm | T
rue
#They have estimated running times of 8, 6, 2, 10, and 4 minutesDetermine the av
erage waiting time for SJF (Shortest job first) schedulingIgnore process switchi
ng overhead | 8 minutes
#for a crtmonitor with a cleaner brighter image buy a monitor with a | low dot p
itch
#For a fixed partition system, memory deallocation is quite complex | False
#For many computational purposes, serial processing is sufficient; it s easy to im
plement and fast enough for most users | False
#for the best surround sound you need | surround sound speakers and a sound card
#systems, deadlocks quickly become critical situations | real-time
#Forcible removal of a resource from a process is possible through | Preemption
#From HOLD, the job moves to WAITING when it s ready to run but is waiting for the
CPU | False
#Hard Disk = 10 Data Transfer rate = 10 millisecs per byte Total number of milli
secs taken to transfer all the bytes in the hard disk | 500 x 50 x 150 x 10 x10
#Hard Disk = 10 Data Transfer rate = 10 millisecs per byte Total number of milli
secs taken to transfer the bytes from one single platter
#graphical user interface is referred to as GUI | true
#hard drive have the largest storage capacity of anystorage device | True
#How does the distinction between kernel mode and user mode function | To Access
hardware device using Kernel mode
#How many child processes will be | 4
#How many output lines will the following program display | 5
e | 25
#How many processes will be affected by deadlock when it happens | Only some..be
granted immediately
#How much cylinder skew is needed for a 7200- RPM (rotate per minute) disk with
the track-to-track seek time of 1 msec? The disk has 200 sectors of 512 bytes on
each track | 24 sectors
#How system clock can be maintained correct time instead of disabling the interr
upts | Keeping the disabling time for very short periods
#If a deadlocked system, the processes can | do nothing
#If a new process arrives with CPU burst time less than remaining CPU burst time
of current executing process, preemptThis scheduling algorithm is known as | Sh
ortest-Job-First
#If a particular demand paging configuration has 9 page interrupts out of 11 pag
e requests, failure rate is | 82
#If a system is deadlocked, no processes can | All of the other choices
#real memory and references its pages in the order 1 2 3 2 4 5 2 3 2 4 1 and the
page replacement is FIFO, the total number of page faults caused by the process
will be | 9
#If in a resource-allocation graph, each resource type has exactly one instance,
which of the following indicate a deadlock situation | The graph has at least o
ne cycle
#the updated records in a database might include only some of the data and their c
ontents would depend on the order in which each process finishes its execution |
True
#If the Disk head is located initially at 32, find the number of disk moves requ
ired with FCFS if the disk queue of I/O blocks requests are 98,37,14,124,65,67 |
321
#If the time quantum is very big in round robin CPU scheduling algorithm, then i
t acts as | FCFS
#If the time quantum is very large, a RR (Round-Robin) scheduling is the same as
| FCFS
#If the transport speed for a magnetic tape is 200 inches per second and the den
sity is 1600 bpi, a total of bytes can be transferred in one second | 320,000
#If there are 64 frames, and the frame size is 1024 words, the length of physica
l address is | 16 bits
#If there are 64 pages and the page size is 2048 words, what is the length of lo
#if you are wondering if you need more ram you should evaluate your subsystem |
memory
#character to the printer s output register is so short it can be ignoredIf to run
this printer using interrupt-driven I/O and each character printed requires an
interrupt that takes 50 sec all-in to serviceHow many percent of the CPU does the
interrupt overhead cost | 2% of the CPU
#In a fixed magnetic disk, each circle is called a | track
#In a Hard disk, Bytes per sector = 512 Sectors?track = 63 Number of Magnetic di
sks = 5 Tracks ? platter = 50 The total number of cylinders in the hard disk is
| 26893850
#In a Hard disk,Bytes per sector = 512 Sectorstrack = 63 Number of Magnetic disks
= 5 Tracks platter = 50 Total number of bytes in a cylinder is | 512X 63X 5
#In a multi-process system, at any moment every process is in one of three state
s : running, ready, or blockedWhat does the transition occur when a preemptive s
cheduler decides to run another process | The transition...to ready
s : running, ready, or blockedWhat does the transition occur when the scheduler
decides to run the process | The transition of being selected takes the process
from ready to running
s: running, ready, or blockedThe transition of blocking takes the process from r
unning to blockedIt occurs when | the process needs...synchonization condition
s: running, ready, or blockedThe transition of unblocking takes the process from
blocked to runningIt occurs when | the event for...semaphore is released

#In a process scheduling, the mechanism for scheduling and policy can be set by
| Kernel, user process
#In a single processor system, mutual exclusion can be guaranteed by | Disabling
interrupts
#In a single-user system, jobs are processed | sequentially
#In a symmetric configuration, processor scheduling is | decentralized
#In a system employing a paging scheme for memory management, wasted space is du
e to | Internal fragmentation
#In a virtural memory environment | segmentation and page tables are stored in t
he RAM
#In an interactive system the turnaround time is | The time..returned to the use
r
#In an operating system a utility which lets the users issue and execute command
s from the keyboard is called | Command Interpreter
#In an operating system a utility which reads commands from a terminal is called
| Shell
#In an OS that uses a trap to make a system call | The application process execu
tes kernel code
#In demand-paged system where page size is 1024 words, and the available physica
l memory is equal to 2^18=256 K words, the length of the physical address is equ
al to | 18 bits
#In demand-paged system where page size is 2048 words, and the available physica
l memory is equal to 2^17=128K words, the length of the physical address is equa
l to | 17 bits
#In general, when a job is allocated to the CPU its Page Map Table is loaded int
o main memory while the Segment Map Tables are loaded only as needed | False
ccess
#the primary requirement is to provide reasonably good response time and in gene
ral, to share system resources equitablyIn such situations, the scheduling algor
ithm that is most popularly applied is | Round Robin Scheduling
#In memory management , a technique called as paging, physical memory is broken
into fixed-sized blocks called | Frames
#In multilevel queue scheduling (CPU scheduling) arrange the following in the or
der lowest to highest priority | 4, 2, 1, 3:1) Interactive 2) Batch 3) System 4)
Student process
#impose a total ordering of all resource types, and require that each process re
quests resources in an increasing order of enumerationThis voilates the conditio
n of deadlock | Circular Wait
#In order to implement mutual exclusion on a critical resource for competing pro
cesses,only one program at a time should be allowed | In the critical region of
the program
#In paging system where page size is 4096 words, and the available physical memo
ry is equal to 2^24 = 16 M words, the length of physical address is equal to | 1
6 bits
#The CPU is allocated to the process with the highest priority (smallest integer
= highest priority)The problem of, Starvation ? low priority processes may neve
r execute, is resolved by | Aging
#In second-generation computers, to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the
I/O and the CPU, an interface called the | control unit
#In terms of speed the best method of Dynamic Storage-Allocation is | First fit
#dining philosophers | there are two available
#In the 1950s, only one FORTRAN program could run at a time, and then the FORTRA
N compiler had to be reloaded into memory | False
#In the blocked state | the processes waiting for I/O are found
#In the dining philosophers problem there are five philosophers and four forks |
False
#in the file system and other key administrative information is called | Superbl
ock
#In the memory-mapped I/O system, in order that CPU communicates with the contro
l registers in the devices, the control register is assigned | Unique memory add
ress
#In the PMT, the ____ bit for all pages in memory is 1 | referenced or status
#the Memory Manager relocates programs to gather together all of the empty block
s and compact them to make one block of memory large enough to accommodate some
or all of the jobs waiting to get in | True
#In the running state | only the process which has control of the processor is f
ound
#In UNIX if multiple threads have the same priority, the scheduler uses | Round
robin queue
#In which disc scheduling algorithm the head traverses till one end then returns
directly to the other end before encountering any other cylinder | C-SCAN
#In which disc scheduling algorithm the head traverses to the extreme end cylind
ers | SCAN
#In which disc scheduling algorithm the head traverses to the first cylinder enc
ountered in the given order | FCFS
#In which disc scheduling algorithm the head traverses to the nearest available
cylinder | SSTF
#In which environment is preemption essential | Interactive
#In which of the following context switching never takes place | SJF
#In which of the following scheduling schemes does context switching never take
place | FCFS
#In which of the four I/O software layers is computing the track, sector, and he
ad for a disk read done | Device drivers
#in windows a file path starts with a | drive
#Increasing file system performance is implemented by | all
#Information about a process is maintained in a | Process Control Block
#Information that must be saved prior to the processor transferring control to t
he interrupt handler routine includes | PSW and PC
#Inter process communication can be done through | Mails
#resource sharing, but this resource sharing capability also increases the possi
bility of deadlocks | dynamic
#Internet is | WAN
#IRDA transmits daata using infrared light waves | true
#is a high level abstraction over Semaphore | Monitor
#is a program that is freely availabel for developers | open source
#is a situation in which more than one processes or threads access a shared reso
urce concurrently, and the result depends on the order of execution | race condi
tion
#is the condition of excessive paging | thrashing
#is the file extension for a webpage | html
#is the peocessof swapping data between ram and swap file | paging
#is the situation in which a process is waiting on another process,which is also
waiting on another process ..which is waiting on the first processNone of the p
rocesses involved in this circular wait are making progress | Deadlock
#is the state of processor, when a process is waiting for some event to occur |
wait state
#is when each process involved in the impasse is waiting for another to voluntar
ily release the resource so that at least one will be able to continue on | Circ
ular-wait condition
#It is not the layer of the Operating system | Critcal Section
#kernal memory is | ram memory that the operating system uses
#signal(S);signal(Q) and wait(Q); wait(S);---;signal(Q);signal(S); respectivelyT
he above situation depicts a | Deadlock
#List out some reasons for process termination | All of the others
#Locking a page in memory is often called | pinning
#LRU replaces the page that has spent the | longest time in memory without being
referenced
#mac os is an open source operating sustem | flase
#Major thread management tasks do not include | Loading thread-specific program

code
#Many early programs used convoluted logic that only the original programmer cou
ld understand, so it was nearly impossible for anyone else to debug or change th
e program later on | True
#Maximum time a process may run before being preempted is | Quantum
#Medium term scheduler is based on | Swap in, swap out
#Memory is usually word-addressable, to match the CPU word size | False
#method of data transfer, the participation of the processor is eliminated durin
g data transfer | Direct Memory Access
#micosoft word and excel are example of system software | false
#microsoft windows and mac os use a interface | graphical user
#Monitors implement between threads of execution | Both (1) and (2): mutual excl
usion, synchronization
#moores law | the pace which cpus improve
#Most CPUs have the following type interrupt request | Both (1) and (2):non-mask
able Mask able
#Most current operating systems support the implementation of threads, or ____,
which have become part of numerous application packages | lightweight processes
#Most deadlocks in operating systems develop because of the normal contention fo
r | dedicated resources
#Movable-head magnetic disks, such as the computer hard drive, have read/write h
ead(s) | One
#MS-DOS is a example of | Monolithic system
#Multiple-level queues isn t really a separate scheduling algorithm but works in c
onjunction with several other schemes | True
#Multiprocessing can refer to one job using several processors to execute sets o
f instructions in parallel | True
#Multiprocessing | Allows the same computer to have the multiple processors
#Multiprogramming systems | Execute more jobs in the same time
#Mutual exclusion | if one process is in a critical region others are excluded
#ne sector will hold one page of job instructions and fit into one page frame of
memory | True
#New synchronization methods such as AND, Events, and Monitors enable solutions
to problems that cannot be solved solely with semaphores | False
#No resource can be forcibly removed from a process holding it best describes whi
ch one of the following condition | No preemption
#Non-preemptive scheduling strategies that commonly rely on process thread execu
tion time include the following except | FCFS
#Of the three components of access time in a disk, is the longest | seek time
#Onboard systems are computers placed inside other products to add features and
capabilities | false
#Once starvation has been detected, an algorithm can be implemented in which the
system blocks new jobs until the starving jobs have been satisfied | True
#One of the most important innovations of demand paging was that it made | virtu
al memory
#the allocation can be made because the memory blocks are physically stored in s
equence according to their location in memory | True
#hat resources aren t well utilized because the algorithm assumes the worst case a
nd, as a result, keeps vital resources unavailable to guard against unsafe state
s | True
#One sector will hold one page of job instructions and fit into one page frame o
f memory | True
#Only one process may use a resource at a time best describes which one of the fo
llowing | Mutual Exclusion
#Operations on semaphore s enforce the concept of ____, which is necessary to av
oid having two operations attempt to execute at the same time | mutual exclusion
#OS, the response time is very critical | Real-time
#Page replacement algorithms determine | Which page to remove to provide space f
or an incoming page
#page replacement alogorithm suffers from Belady's anamoly | FIFO

#Page sharing | does not allow...the same time
#Paging | solves the memory fragmentation problem
#Parallel processing is also called | multiprocessing
#PCB | Process Control Block
#personal desktop computers use a operating system | single user multitask
#Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and govern
ment enterprises are called | workstations
#Primary operating system design issues include the following except | Compact m
emory representation
#Process may hold one resource while waiting for another | Hold and wait
#Process State is a part of | Process Control block
#Programmers need to know device details in order to use a device | False
#A CPU may have multiple execution units, so that can carry out multiple instruc
tions in the same time is called | Superscalar
#Which of special register contains the Mode Bit (user or kernel) | Program Stat
us Word
#A simple structuring model for monolithic system includes | All of the other ch
oices
#is correct about the advantages of layered system | Easier to...to upper layer
#sequential processes | No concurrency inside a process
#while OS Unix use system call to create a new process | CreateProcess; fork
#process state transitions is correct, when the external event for which a proce
ss was waiting happens | Blocked (waiting) -> ready
#process state transitions is illegal | Ready -> Blocked (waiting)
e | 25
#How many percent is CPU utilization, when a computer system has enough room to
hold two program and these programs are idle waiting for I/O half the time | 75
#An arrival message causes the system to create a new thread to handle this mess
ageThis new thread is call | Pop-up
#Critical Region (Section) concept used in interprocess communication is | where
the shared memory is accessed
#Which conditions of mutual exclusion does the Lock Variables | No two processes
simultaneously in critical region
#Which of the following statements is a hardware solution to the critical region
problem | TSL
#only one program at a time should be allowed | In the critical region of the pr
ogram
#Which of the following is true about Atomic action on semaphores | All of the o
ther choices
#only one can enter its critical section at the same time are called | Binary se
maphores
#Which of the following statements is true about hardware solution to the critic
al region problem | Disable Interrupts
#Which cannot be able to solve the race condition | Shared memory
#What is the purpose of CPU scheduling algorithms | Pick one of the ready proces
ses to run next
#Which is not a goal of a scheduling algorithm for batch systems | Response time
#The four main structural elements of a computer system | Processor, Main Memory
, I/O Modules, System Bus
#Which of main bus in the IBM PC computer, that can run at 66 MHz and transfer 8
bytes at a time | PCI
#The first-come, first-served (FCFS) algorithm is fine for most | Batch
#Some systems increase the priority of jobs that have been in the system for an
unusually | Aging
#waiting time for SJF (Shortest job first) schedulingIgnore process switching ov
erhead | 8 minutes
#priorityDetermine the average turnaround time for priority schedulingIgnore pro

cess switching overhead | 16.8 minutes
#round robin scheduling (quantum=4), the turnaround time for job D is | 22
#turnaround time for SJF schedulingIgnore process switching overhead | 9.0
#Which of following is true about cache in the memory hierarchy | Small amount o
f fast expensive memory
#With paging, when is the internal fragmentation possible | The last page of the
job is less than the maximum page size
#Which of the following is a method to keep track of memory usages | Both Memory
Management with Bit Maps and Memory
#Which of these statements about the algorithm Next fit is true | Memory Manager s
tarting searching the list of segments from
#Which holes are taken for successive segment requests of 8 K, 12 K, 10 K? | 10
K, 20 K, 15 K
#is the beginning address of the block granted by the Memory Manager | 10250
#One of the most important innovations of demand paging was that it made | Virtu
al memory
#When a virtual memory system manages memory in fixed length units, which of the
following terms correctly represents | Page
#Which of these statements about the Inverted Page Table are true | An entry con
tains the pair
#Which of the following information bits in the entry of page table is used to i
ndicate Page Fault | Present/absent bit
#If there are 64 pages and the page size is 2048 words, what is the length of lo
#what would be the page number in Hexadecimal | 12345
#A system with 32 bit virtual addressIf the page size is 4 KB and each table | 4
MB
#Which of the following instructions should be allowed in user mode | Read the t
ime-of-day clock
#Booting a general purpose computer involves the following steps except | Loadin
g the command interpreter
#Which of the following statements is incorrect about Translation Look-aside Buf
fer | A TLB miss implies a disk operation will
#policy is based on the theory that the best page to remove is the one that has
been in memory the longest | FIFO
#Working set model is used for | Finding the minimum number of frames necessary
#Which is not true about the method of backing store: Paging to a static swap are
a | Requires a disk map in memory
#Paging to a static swap area is | Worse
##sWhich of the following statements about segmentation is false? | None of the
other choices
#Which of the following is specified to indicate the directory where the file is
located? | Path name
#is a group of related records that contains information to be used by specific
application programs | File
#Which of the following file structure is widely used on large mainframe compute
rs | Tree
#File Structure can be | All of the other choices
#Which of a system call is to allow the system free up disk space | DELETE
#is a specialized WRITE command for existing data files that allows for adding r
ecords to end of the file | APPEND
#Which of the following allocation methods the i-nodes use | Indexed allocation
#Which are allocation methods of disk blocks for files | All of the other choice
s
#the number of blocks in the file system and other key administrative informatio
n is called | Superblock
#Disk can be divided up into one or more partitionsThe first block of every part
ition is called | Boot block
#Which of the following is correct about symbolic links | Symbolic links can poi
nt to files in the network

#The Linking technique that allows the file to appear in more than one directory
are | Both hard link and symbolic link
#Increasing file system performance is implemented by | All of the other choice
#which of the following conditions is correct | Increasing access time
#Which of the following statements about Random Access memory (RAM) is correct?
| Is volatile
#writing to the log file with the purpose of file system management and optimiza
tion | Journaling File Systems
#true about the block size in disk space management | The larger the block size
#The File Manager writes the volume name and other descriptive information on an
easy-to-access place on each unit | The innermost
#Which class of I/O devices that disks and tapes belong to | Block devices
#if the FAT type is FAT-32 and the block size is 4 KB | 1 TB
#the control register is assigned | Unique memory address
#The main classes of I/O devices are | Block devices and Character devices
ccess
#about the task of device controller of I/O devices is correct? | All of the oth
er choices
#DMA operations require the following information from the processor | All of th
e other choices
#used in order to CPU communicate with the control registers of the I/O device |
All of the other choices
#the table where its entry contains the memory address of Interrupt service rout
ine | Interrupt vector table
#Which of the following statements is not correct about DMA | DMA controller is
usually faster than CPU
#An interrupt that leaves the machine in well-defined state is called a(n) | Pre
cise interrupt
#I/O software do Device drivers do | Writing commands to the device registers
#statements is not correct about "device independence" | Device independence req
uires all programmers to
#not a component of general structure of device drivers | Checking to see if the
user
#the right order between the 4 I/O software layers | User-level I/O software, De
vice-independent
#Of the three components of access time in a disk | Seek time
#processor transferring control to the interrupt handler routine includes | PSW
and PC
#Which of the following statements is incorrect about the CMOS | To contain BIOS
#that facilitates the communication between the device and the OS | device drive
r
#Which RAID level duplicates all the disks | 1
#In a fixed magnetic disk, each circle is called a | track
#disk with the track-to-track seek time of 1 msec | 24 sectors
#What is a stripping in RAID | Distributing data over multiple drives
#register to achieve a clock resolution of 1 msec | 500,000
#A operation concerning Stable Storage is | All of the other choices
#What is true about preemptable resources | Can be taken away from a process wit
h no ill effects
#If a system is deadlocked, no processes can | All of the other choices
#allows a resource to be held by a process as long as it is needed | No preempti
on condition
#release the resource so that at least one will be able to continue on | Circula
r-wait condition
#Assume the following events and actions take placeThe following statement | Eve
nt 6 caused deadlock
#which of the following indicate a deadlock situation | The graph has at least o
ne cycle
#Which of the following statements does not apply to manual deadlock management
| OS designers are normally very sensitive to
#What following resource allocation state is unsafe | FigC
#Which deadlock condition does Take resources away attack | No preemption
#Which deadlock condition does Request all resources initially attack | Hold and w
ait
#removes the possibility of a circular wait and therefore guarantees the removal
of deadlocks | Hierarchical ordering
#What is not a main function of an operating system | Provide user interfaces
#Which is not an example of a resource that is commonly time-multiplexed | Main
memory
#What is the correct approach with the No preemption condition to prevent Deadlock
| Take resources away
#allocation and maximum needs are as follows | 1
#What is the main characteristic of real-time operating system | Time is key par
ameter
#A well-known Embedded operating system is | QNX and VxWork
#What is not correct about system calls | is better than using procedure calls
#is provided to make system calls from some programming languages | procedure li
brary
#is a task of process management of OS | All of the other choices
#services provide mechanisms for secure and efficient are | All of the other cho
ices
#Race condition results for the following | competing processes
#RAID-0 is ideal for data-critical real-time systems | False
#Random Access memory | Is volatile
#Real time systems are | Used for monitoring events as they occur
#Real-time systems are used in time-critical environments where reliability is k
ey | True
#Replace the page that will not be used for the longest period of timeThis princ
iple is | Round robin scheduling algorithm
#Research continues to focus on finding the optimum allocation scheme | True
#Resources are held until voluntarily released | No preemption
#restricts access to a shared variable to only one thread at any given time | mu
tual exclusion
#robotic cameras, fuel injection systems | true
#Round robin algorithm is suitable for which type of systems | 268993Time sharin
g
#Round robin scheduling is essentially the preemptive version of | FCFS
#Saving the state of the old process and loading the saved state of the new proc
ess is called | Context Switch
#scheduler selects the jobs from the pool of jobs and loads into the ready queue
| Long term
#processes from the ready queue, and allocates the CPU to them | short-term
#jobs from the job pool, loads them into memory, and converts them to | long-ter
m
#scheduler, selects jobs from the job pool, loads them into memory, and converts
them to processes for execution | job
#scheduler, selects processes from the ready queue, and allocates the CPU to the
m | CPU
#each process gets a small quantity of time and then it is preempted and the nex
t process gets to run | Round robin
#can be interrupted whether they have completed their current task or not | pree
mptive
#Second-generation computers were developed to meet the needs of | businesses
#Semaphore can be used for solving | Synchronization
#semaphore operation is intended to atomically test an integer variable | p
#Semaphores are only useful for solving critical section problems, and not other
synchronization problems | False
#serial ports transmit data one bit at a time | true
#Short-term Scheduler may execute for | only few milliseconds
#Shortest Remaining Time First scheduling is a special case of | None of the oth
ers
#How many page faults if using 3 available frames and the OPT | 10
#How many page faults if using 4 available frames and the LRU algorithm | 13
#How many page faults if using 5 available frames and the FIFO algorithm | 11
#Which gives the lowest fault rate on this string | Using 3 available frames and
the OPT algorithm
#technology have blurred the distinguishing characteristics of early machines |
True
#depends on the order of usage of the shared data, are called | Race conditions
#Some CPUs provide for two modes of operationWhat are they | User mode and Kerne
l mode
#culty that you think could arise with such a scheme | To protect data in memory
#some scientific instruments and video games requirea | real time
#special type fo speakers desingned to reproduce low frequency sounds is a subwo
fer | true
#Stable storage refers to | Storage devices in which information residing is nev
er lost
#Starvation is the result of the liberal allocation of resources | False
#Steps for statically binding addresses include the following except | Run time
rebinding
#Studies have shown that having any | cache
#calculate the average job waiting time using (preemptive) PRIORITY scheduling f
or these jobs | 9.0 ms
#calculate the average job waiting time using FCFS scheduling for these jobs | 9
.8 ms
#calculate the average job waiting time using non-preemptive SJF scheduling for
these jobs | 8.6 ms
#systems are required to complete a critical task within a guaranteed amount of
time | real time
#the operating system is _ software | system
#The absolute pathname of a file in Linux with respect to the | Root directory
on the system.
#The actual location in main memory is called a(n) | Absolute address
#The address of the beginning of a page frame is found by multiplying the page f
rame number by the number of frames | False
#The advantage of RAID Level 3 is that if any one drive fails, data can be resto
red using the bits in the parity disk | False
#the amount of memory your video card needs depends on what you want to displayo
n your monitor | true
#the amount of ram recommened for most systems today is measured in | GB
#The best definition of the term "quantum" is | Maximum time a process may run b
efore being preempted
#The best definition of the term "respond time" is | Time for a user to get a re
action to his?her input
#The best definition of the term "rotational latency" is | Time for the disk to
rotate to the desired sector
#The best definition of the term "seek time" is | Time for the disk arm to move
to the desired cylinder
#The best definition of the term "turnaround time" is | Time between the submiss
ion and completion of a process
#The Best-Fit algorithm for allocating regions of contiguous memory does | Pick
the closest free region in the entire list
#The best-fit free list scheme uses memory more efficiently than the first-fit f
ree scheme but it is slower to implement | Truesequentially
#if the total number of requests is 10 and 6 of those are found in cache memory
| 60%
#The cd . command makes the following as your new current directory | Parent of
your current directory.
#some data that another process consumes later | True
#The collection of processes on the disk that is waiting to be brought into memo
ry for execution forms the | Input queue
#the combination of a computers operating system and applicaton software is reff
ered to as the computers platform | false
#a critical region of the program before other processes have access to it | Tru
e
#the cpu is connected to the system memory by the | front side bus
#the cpu is s form of memory | false
#The critical section problem is a special case of the mutual exclusion problem
| True
#per second and refers to the speed at which massive amounts of data can be read
from the disc | megabytes
#The degree of Multiprogramming is controlled by | Long-term Scheduler
#The dirty bit is used for the purpose of | To reduce the average time required
to service page faults
#The dispatcher | actually schedules the task to the processor
#The earliest OS is | Monolithic
#The File Manager is responsible for data files but not program files | False
#The first attempt to allow for multiprogramming used fixed partitions | True
#The first bug was a moth trapped in a Harvard computer | True
#The first-come, first-served (FCFS) algorithm is fine for most | bBatch
#The First-Fit algorithm for allocating regions of contiguous memory does | Scan
memory region list from start for first fit
#The first-in first-out (FIFO) page replacement policy will remove the pages tha
t have been in memory the shortest | False
#require that the entire program be stored contiguously and in memory from the b
eginning to the end of its execution | False
#known ahead of time and don t vary between reconfigurations | True
#The fixed partition scheme works well | when jobs have the same size
#The following algorithm can be described as | first-fit memory allocation
#for CPU scheduling algorithm evaluation | both 1 and 2:Maximum CPU utilization
#facility or capability that is to provide support for mutual exclusion | All of
the above
#process control blocks are true, except | All resources the process has used du
ring it s execution
mory, I/O Modules, System Bus#
#The general role of an operating system is to | Provide a set of services to sy
stem users
#the hard drive is resprestented as the | c driver
#The hardware mechanism that enables a device to notify the CPU is called | Poll
ing
#The high-level portion of the Process Manager is called the Process Scheduler |
False
#The i-nodes are used in which of the following allocation methods | Indexed al
location
#The I/O technique where the processor busy waits for an I/O operation to comple
te is called | Programmed I/O#control unit is to keep up with the I/O requests f
rom the CPU and pass them down the line to the appropriate control unit | False
#The Job Scheduler seeks to when scheduling jobs | balance CPU and I/O intensiv
e jobs
#the size of the job and the memory location where its Page Map Table is stored
| True
#The kernel keeps track of the state of each task by using a data structure call
ed | Process control block
#The Linking technique that allows the file to appear in more than one directory
are | Both hard link and symbolic link
#its own memory, I/O devices, CPU, and operating system | true
#the main advantage of a notebook computer are all except | you get more speed f
or a low price
#The main classes of I/O devices are | Block devices and Character devices
#the main disadvantage of a desktop computer as compared to notebook are the fol
lowing except | a desktop computer is more expensive
#the main distinction between notebook and desktop is the internet connectivity
| false
#The major problem with priority scheduling algorithm is | Takes large turnarou
nd time
#The mechanism that bring a page into memory only when it is needed is called |
Demand Paging
#which defined the exact nature of each program and its requirements | Job sched
uling
#the minimun ram requirement to run windows vista is | 1gb
#The mode bit is implemented in | Hardware
#the most essential software in your computer system is the | operating system
software
#The name for the nucleus of an operating system is the | kernel
#The need for algorithms to resolve conflicts between processors is called proce
ss | synchronization
#The number of processes completed per unit time is known as | Throughput
#The only reason for multiprocessing is to increase computer power | False
#of each group of digits by its location in the line and the operation code | fu
nction
#The operating system manages | All of the above
#The operating system of a computer serves as a software interface between the u
ser and the | Hardware
#capability in the mid-1990s sparked the proliferation of networking capability
| Internet
#The page table for each process maintains | The frame location for each page of
the process.
#the percentage of time your cpu is working is referred as cpu | usage
#The performance of round robin algorithm depends on | Time Quantum
#the period of time that the read-write head waits for correct sector to spin to
its called latency | true
#he primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is | processor cap
acity
#The primary job of the operating system of a computer is to | Manage Resources
#The primary purpose of an operating system is | To make the most efficient use
of the computer hardware
#the primery circiut board of the computer system is the motherboard | true
#The principle of locality of reference justifies the use of | Cache memory
#The problem of fragmentation arises in | Heap allocation
#The problem of thrashing is effected scientifically by | Program structure
#the process or replacing repeated patterns of letters with shorter placeholder
is called | file minimizing
#requested by any higher level language can be performed by | System Call
#queue by the Job Scheduler | READY
#one in charge of job scheduling and the other in charge of program scheduling |
False
#The purpose of multiprogramming is to | Utilize CPU better
#The purpose of process synchronization is | Avoid races with respect to access
to a shared resources
#The ready list in an operating system contains jobs | waiting for the processor
to be allotted to them
#The removal of process from active contention of CPU and reintroduce them into
memory later is known as | Swapping
#The SCAN algorithm moves the arm methodically from the inner to the outer track
, servicing every request in its path | False
#The scheduler that brings processes into memory and swaps them out on disk as n
eeded is referred to as | Medium-term scheduler
#to execute and then returned to the queue, unless blocked is referred to as | R
ound-Robin
#The second-chance page-replacement algorithm | Moves pages found at the head of
a FIFO queue
#The section of code which accesses shared variables is called as | Critical sec
tion
#as well as the physical benefits of paging | True
#The selected thread runs on the CPU until one of the following occurs | All of
the others #
#The services provided by an operating system | File manipulations
#The simplest way to break a deadlock is to | Kills one of the processes
#The size of single unit of allocation on disk is called | Sector size
#The SJF algorithm | executes first the job with the least processor needs
#The solution to Critical Section Problem is | The statement is true
#The special files are | Both a and b
#The state of a process after it encounters an I/O instruction is | Blocked/Wai
ting
#the stopage of hard disk drive that often results in data loss is called a head
crash | true
#The symmetric configuration is best implemented if the processors are all of th
e same type | True
#e system is said to be in an unsafe state if | that all current processor can
complete their work
#the technology that uses radio waves to send data wirelesly over short distance
is bluetooth | true
#The term " Operating System " means | A set of programs which controls compute
r working
#means that during any phase of its execution, the program references only a sma
ll fraction of its pages | locality of reference
#The time taken by the disk arm to locate the specific address of a sector for g
etting information is called | Seek Time #
#The transition of being selected takes the process from ready to runningIt occu
rs when | the scheduler decides to run the process
#The transition of preemption takes the process from running to readyIt occurs w
hen | a preemptive scheduler decides to run another process
#The two basic type of processor registers are | General and special registers
#The type of paging where a page is never rolled (or swapped) into memory unless
needed is referred to as | Lazy swapper
#the type of proccessor in the computer ..which operating sysytem a desktop | t
rue
#and the processor hardware (which issues the interrupt and resolves the virtual
address) | False
#essential component of the operating system that remains in ram when your compu
ter is powered on | kernel
#allocates each resource, starts its operation | Device Manager
#is unique to each operating system | User Interface
#is used to indicate that a program is permanently held in ROM | firmware
#policy is based on the theory that the best page to remove is the one that has
been in memory the longest | FIFO
#entries per page in the PMT | 1
#Thrashing occurs | when excessive swapping takes place
#Thrashing | Implies excessive page I/O
#Threads can be implemented in each of the following ways except | Parent / chil
d processes
#Threads share the same resources as the process that created them | True
#Time between the submission and completion of a process.is | Turnaround time
#Time for a user to get a reaction to his?her input.is | Response time
#Time for the disk arm to move to the desired cylinder is | Seek time
#Time for the disk to rotate to the desired sector.is | Rotational latency
#compute the current timeProvide a short description of how this could be accomp
lished | Using timer interrupts
#segmented memory management, the address is composed of two entries | the segme
nt number and the displacement
#To move in a new page, a resident page must be swapped back into primary storag
e | false
#Two of the most important measures of optical disc drive performance are sustai
ned data-transfer | False
#UMA stands for | Uniform memory acess
#Under what circumstances do page faults occur | page fault occurs when an acces
s to a page that has not been
#Vacuum tube computers were used during the period of | 1940-1955
#Virtual Memory is commonly implemented by | Demand Paging
#Virtual memory is | An illusion of extremely large main memory
#What algorithm is not a CPU scheduling algorithm | Least Recently Used
#a Page Replacement Algorithm | Shortest Remaining Time
#What are Nonvolatile storage devices | 268966All of the others
#What are the allcatio methods of disk blocks for files | All of the above.
#What are the main advantages of the microkernel approach to system design | mor
e operations are done in user mode than in kernel
#differences between operating systems for mainframe computers and personal comp
uters | Mainframe using for batch job
#What are the main purposes of an operating system | To provide an environment
#What are the major activities of an operating system in regard to process mana
gement | The suspension and resumption of processes
#What for is Boot manager? | Startup system
#What is a stripping in RAID | Distributing data over multiple drives
#What is a shell | It is a command interpreter
#What is adaptive mutexes | Mutex implemented with a spin lock on
#What is context switching | Processor switches execution control from
#What is correct about trap instructions and interrupts? | All of the above
#What is incorrect about contiguous allocation of files | It does not cause dis
k fragmentation
#What is interrupt vector | Part of memory which contains the addresses of inter
rupt handlers
#What is Logical address | Logical address is generated by the CPU and is transl
ated into a physical address by the memory
#What is not a main function of an operating system | Provide user interfaces
#What is not correct about contiguous allocation of files | It does not cause di
sk fragmentation.
#What is the "sequential processes" concept | No concurrency inside a process
#What is the method to keep track of memory usages | a and b
#What is the purpose of CPU scheduling algorithms | aPick one of the ready proce
sses to run next
#What is the purpose of system calls | Allow users to request services of the op
erating system
#What is the purpose of system programs | Solving the problems of operating syst
em
#What is the purpose of the command interpreter | Reading commands from users
#where its entry contains the memory address of Interrupt service routine | Inte
rrupt vector table
#What is the weakness of the Banker's algorithm | Requiring that processes state
their maximum needs in advance
#What kind of I/O devices that disks and tapes belong to | Block-oriented device
s.
#system manages memory in fixed length units, which of the following terms corre
ctly represents its unit | Page
#When inverted paging is used, there is/are | One global page table sorted by th
e frame number
#When inverted paging is used, we cannot do binary searches on the one global pa
ge since | Although the entries are sorted#
#when ther is not enogh ram installed in your system teh system becomes memory b
ound | true
#When two or more processes attempt to access the same resource a | Race conditi
on
#When using a FIFO scheme, more memory will always result in better performance
| False
#When using DMA, the CPU is involved in transferring data to and from memory for
the entire transfer | False
#When using the clock page replacement policy, a page with a reference bit of |
0
#Where can Embedded Operating Systems mostly be found | Handheld Computer
#Where is the partition table stored | Master Boot Record
#allocation method suffers from disk fragmentation (except for internal fragment
ation in the last block) | Contiguous allocation
#used in order to CPU communicate with the control registers of the I/O device |
All of the other choices
#Which are allocation methods of disk blocks for files | All of the other choice
s
#Which class of I/O devices that disks and tapes belong to | Block devices
#Which contains only essential functions of the operating system | Microkernel
#Which deadlock condition does Request all resources initially attack | Hold and w
ait
#Which deadlock condition does Take resources away attack | No preemption
#Which deadlock condition does "Request all resources initially" attack | bHold
and wait
#Which is a hardware solution to the critical-section problem | TestAndSet
#Which is a non-preemptive scheduling | FCFS
#Which is a preemptive scheduling | RR
#Which is a wrong statement about the quantum used in Round Robin algorithm | No
ne of the above
#Which is can be used to compile a file sourcefile | Gcc sourcefile.c
#Which is not a component of general structure of device drivers | Checking to s
ee if the user is permitted to use the device
#not a CPU scheduling criterion | Burst time
#a goal of a scheduling algorithm for batch systems | Response time
#Which is not a preemptive scheduling | SJF
#a primary reason for providing an environment that allows process cooperation |
Concurrency
#a solution to the critical-region problem | Shared memory
#the function of a dispatcher | None of the others
#method for handing deadlocks | Deadlock Detention
#property of a signal in UNIX s ystems | None of the others
#Which is not the state of the process | Privileged
#Paging to a static swap area | Requires a disk map in memory
#Which of a system call is to allow the system free up disk space | DELETE
#true about cache in the memory hierarchy | aSmall amount of fast expensive memo
ry
#correct to run a program on a dedicated machine | Manually to load program into
memory
#actions generates an external interrupt | An input/output operation is complete
d.
#activotes is carried out by the alu | completion of all arithemetic calculation
#an example of a i/o block devices is | cd rom

#an example of a i/o character devices is | modem
#in order that cpu communicates with the control registers in the devices, the c
ontrol register is assigned | o port number
#of the cd or dvd | the innermost part
#of the magnetic disk | outermost part
#keep track of tree block in disk space management | both linked list method and
bitmap method
#which part of a disk is used to boot the computer | MBR
#a well-known technique for oganizing the physical storage blocks for a file |
sparse block allocation
#is to allow the system free up disk space | delete

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#timeThey have estimated running times of 8, 6, 2, 10, and 4 minutes | 8 minutes

#The command will list all working processes | Ps

#about monitors is incorrect | Monitors can solve...solvable with semaphores

#A process is another name for | a job

#Additional complex configurations of RAID can be created by combining multiple

aults for | Reference string II

blocked to runningIt occurs when | the event for...semaphore is released

#Major thread management tasks do not include | Loading thread-specific program

#page replacement alogorithm suffers from Belady's anamoly | FIFO

#priorityDetermine the average turnaround time for priority schedulingIgnore pro

nt to files in the network

#an example of a i/o block devices is | cd rom

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