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GrnfeldDefenceWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

GrnfeldDefence
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheGrnfeldDefence(ECOcodesD70D99)isachess
openingcharacterisedbythemoves:
1.d4Nf6
2.c4g6
3.Nc3d5
Theopeningreliesononeofthemainprinciplesofthe
hypermodernschool,whichwascomingtotheforeinthe
1920sthatalargepawncentrecouldbealiability
ratherthananasset.

GrnfeldDefence
a

1
a

Moves

1.d4Nf62.c4g63.Nc3d5

ECO

D70D99

Origin

BadPistyan,Pieany,1922

Namedafter

ErnstGrnfeld

Parent

King'sIndianDefence

Contents
1History
2ExchangeVariation:4.cxd5Nxd55.e4
3RussianSystem:4.Nf3Bg75.Qb3
3.1HungarianVariation:7...a6
3.2SmyslovVariation:7...Bg48.Be3Nfd7
3.3PrinsVariation:7...Na6
3.47...Nc6
3.5Otherlines
4Taimanov'sVariationwith4.Nf3Bg75.Bg5
5Lineswith4.Bf4andtheGrnfeldGambit
6NeoGrnfeldDefence
7Illustrativegame
8Othervariations
9Seealso
10References
11Furtherreading

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence

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11Furtherreading
12Externallinks

History
Thefirstinstanceofthisopeningisinan1855gamebyMoheschunderBannerjee,anIndianplayerwho
hadtransitionedfromIndianchessrules,playingBlackagainstJohnCochraneinCalcutta,inMay1855:
1.d4Nf62.c4g63.Nc3d54.e3Bg75.Nf3006.cxd5Nxd57.Be2Nxc38.bxc3c59.00cxd4
10.cxd4Nc611.Bb2Bg412.Rc1Rc813.Ba3Qa514.Qb3Rfe815.Rc5Qb616.Rb5Qd8
17.Ng5Bxe218.Nxf7Na5
andWhitematesinthree(19.Nh6+doublecheckKh820.Qg8+Rxg821.Nf7#).[1][2]Cochranepublisheda
bookreportinghisgameswithMoheshchunderandotherIndiansin1864.
ItgainedpopularityafterErnstGrnfeldintroduceditintointernationalplayatVienna1922,where,inhis
firstgamewiththedefense,hedefeatedfutureworldchampionAlexanderAlekhine.[3]Grnfeldusually
employedaveryclassicalstyle.Thedefencewaslateradoptedbyanumberofprominentplayers,including
VasilySmyslov,ViktorKorchnoi,LeonidStein,andBobbyFischer.GarryKasparovoftenusedthe
defence,includinginhisWorldChampionshipmatchesagainstAnatolyKarpovin1986,1987and1990,
andVladimirKramnikin2000.CurrentlyactivenotableplayerswhoemploytheopeningincludeLoekvan
Wely,PeterSvidler,PeterLeko,ViswanathanAnand,LukeMcShaneandGataKamsky.[4]Anand
employedittwiceintheWorldChessChampionship2010.IntheWorldChessChampionship2012
betweenAnandandBorisGelfand,eachplayerusedtheGrnfeldoncewithbothgamesendingindraws.
AnandfacedtheGrunfeldagainstMagnusCarlsenduringthefirstgameoftheWorldChessChampionship
2014anddrewinaRookandQueenending.
TheGameoftheCenturybetweenDonaldByrneand13yearoldBobbyFischeronOctober17,1956,
featuredthisopening,althougharrivingintheGrnfeldviaatranspositionofmoves(using1.Nf3Nf62.c4
g63.Nc3Bg74.d4005.Bf4d5).

ExchangeVariation:4.cxd5Nxd55.e4
ThemainlineoftheGrnfeld,theExchangeVariation(ECOcodesD85D89),isdefinedbythe
continuation4.cxd5Nxd55.e4.NowWhitehasanimposinglookingcentreandthemaincontinuation
5...Nxc36.bxc3strengthensitstillfurther.BlackgenerallyattacksWhite'scentrewith...c5and...Bg7,
oftenfollowedbymovessuchas...cxd4,...Bg4,and...Nc6.Whiteoftenuseshisbigcentretolaunchan
attackagainstBlack'sking.Onesubvariation,frequentlyplayedbyKarpov,includingfourgamesofhis
1987worldchampionshipmatchagainstKasparovinSeville,Spain,istheSevilleVariation,after6...Bg7
7.Bc4c58.Ne2Nc69.Be30010.00Bg411.f3Na512.Bxf7+,longthoughtapoormovebytheory,asthe
resultantlightsquareweaknesshadbeenbelievedtogiveBlackmorethanenoughcompensationforthe
pawn.
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WhitecandevelophispiecesinanumberofwaysintheExchange
Variation.Fordecades,theoryheldthatthecorrectmethodof
developmentwaswithBc4andNe2,oftenfollowedby00andf4f5,
playingforacentralbreakthroughorkingsideattack.Itwasgenerally
thoughtthatanearlyNf3wasweakintheExchangeVariation
becauseitallowedBlacktoomuchpressureonthecentrewith...Bg4.
Inthelate1970s,however,Karpov,Kasparovandothersfound
differentmethodstoplaytheExchangeVariationwithWhite,often
involvinganearlyRb1toremovetherookfromthesensitivea1h8
diagonal,aswellasattemptingtohinderthedevelopmentofBlack's
queenside.Another,relativelyrecentlydevelopedsysteminvolves
quicklyplayingBe3,Qd2,andRc1orRd1tofortifyWhite'scentre,
removeWhite'srookfromthediagonal,andpossiblyenableanearly
d5pushbyWhite.

1
a

ExchangeVariation

VladimirKramnikandBorisGelfandaretheleadingpractitionersasWhite,andubomrFtnikhashad
manyfineresultswiththeblackpieces.[4]

RussianSystem:4.Nf3Bg75.Qb3
InbringingmorepressuretobearagainstBlack'scentraloutposton
d5,Whitepracticallyforces...dxc4,thusgainingacentral
preponderancehowever,inreturn,hisqueenwilloftenbeexposedas
Black'squeensideplayunfoldsinthemiddlegame.After5...dxc46.
Qxc4007.e4,Blackhasseveralprimaryoptions:

SmyslovVariation:7...Bg48.Be3Nfd7

7...Bg48.Be3Nfd7wasatopicallinefromthe1950sthroughthe
mid1970s.

RussianSystem5.Qb3

HungarianVariation:7...a6
TheHungarianVariation,7...a6,hasbeenchampionedbyPeterLeko.

PrinsVariation:7...Na6
7...Na6(LodewijkPrins')idea,whichKasparovfavouredinseveralofhisWorldChampionshipmatches
againstKarpov.[5]

7...Nc6
ThisisrecommendedasthemainlinebyseveralrecentGrnfeldtexts.

Otherlines
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7...c6,7...b6

Taimanov'sVariationwith4.Nf3Bg75.Bg5
Inthisline,favouredbyYasserSeirawan,afterthenearlyuniversal
5...Ne4,Whitemayplay6.Bh4Nxc37.bxc3or6.cxd5,withBlack
thenoptingforeither6...Nxc37.bxc3Qxd5or6...Nxg57.Nxg5e6,
thoughinthelattercase,7...c6issometimestried.After6.cxd5Nxg5
7.Nxg5e6,Whitehas8.Qd2exd59.Qe3+,withattackingchances,or
themoreusual8.Nf3exd5(thoughtheinterpolation8...h69.Nf3
exd5isasignificantalternative),afterwhichplaygenerallyproceeds
onlinesanalogoustotheQueen'sGambitDeclined,Exchange
Variation,withaqueensideminorityattackbyWhite(b2b4b5xc6),
asBlackaimsforhistraditionalkingsideplaywith...f7f5f4and,in
thiscase,...g6g5.

1
a

Taimanov4.Nf3Bg75.Bg5

Lineswith4.Bf4andtheGrnfeldGambit
Forplayerswhodonotwishtotakeonthecomplexitiesofthe
ExchangeVariation,themove4.Bf4isgenerallyconsideredasafer
continuationforWhite.[6]Whiteoptsfortheinitiativeonthe
queensidewithasmallerpawncenter.Inthemainline(D82),play
proceedswith4...Bg75.e3c56.dxc5Qa5,withWhite'schoicesathis
seventhmovebeingcxd5,Qb3,Qa4,orRc1.Despiteitsreputation,
instatisticaldatabasesthisvariationshowsonlyaslightlyhigher
percentageofWhitewinsanddraws,asopposedtotheExchange
variation.[7][8]Thevariationisnotoftenmetintopflightplaytoday,
itsusagehavingdeclinedsignificantlysinceitsheydayinthe1930s.

1
a

4.Bf4

Inthisvariation,playmayalsocontinue4.Bf4Bg75.e300,whichisknownastheGrnfeldGambit
(ECOcodeD83).Whitecanacceptthegambitbyplaying6.cxd5Nxd57.Nxd5Qxd58.Bxc7,ordeclineit
with6.Qb3or6.Rc1,towhichBlackrespondswith6...c5.

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1
a

GrnfeldGambit

NeoGrnfeldDefence
SystemsinwhichWhitedelaysthedevelopmentofhisqueen'sknight
toc3areknownastheNeoGrnfeldDefence(ECOcodeD70
D79)typicalmoveordersare1.d4Nf62.c4g63.f3d5or,more
commonly,1.d4Nf62.c4g63.g3d5(thelatterisknownasthe
KemeriVariation,showninthediagram).

1
a

NeoGrnfeldDefence,Kemeri
Variation

Illustrativegame
Smyslovvs.Fischer,HercegNoviBlitzTournament,1970:[9]
1.c4g62.g3Bg73.Bg2Nf64.Nf3005.00c66.d4d57.cxd5cxd58.Nc3Ne49.Qb3Nc610.Be3
Na511.Qd1Nxc312.bxc3b613.Ne5Ba614.Re1Rc815.Bd2e616.e4Bb717.exd5Bxd518.Bxd5
Qxd519.Qe2Rfd820.Ng4Nc421.Bh6f522.Bxg7Kxg723.Ne3Nxe324.Qxe3Rc625.Rac1Rdc8
26.c4Rxc427.Rxc4Rxc428.Qxe6Qxe629.Rxe6Kf730.Re3Rxd431.Ra3a532.Rc3Ke633.Kg2
Kd634.h4Ra435.Rc2b536.Kf3b437.Ke3Kd538.f3Ra3+39.Kf4a440.g4fxg441.fxg4b3
42.axb3axb343.Rc7Ra4+44.Kg5Rb445.Rc1Kd446.Kh6Rb701

Othervariations
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Apartfromtheabove,amongthemorepopularcontinuationsare:
4.Bg5(TaimanovVariation)ECOD80
4.Qb3(AcceleratedRussianSystem)ECOD81
4.Nf3Bg75.Qa4+(FlohrVariation)ECOD90
4.Nf3Bg75.e3(QuietSystemorSlowSystem)ECOD94
4.cxd5Nxd55.Na4(NadanianVariation)ECOD85

Seealso
Listofchessopenings
Listofchessopeningsnamedafterpeople

References
1. EdwardWinter,Kings,CommonersandKnaves:FurtherChessExplorations,RussellEnterprises,Inc.,1999,
p.141.ISBN1888690046.
2. CochraneMoheschunder(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1336349)
3. WilliamHartston,TheGrnfeldDefence,ChessDigest,1971,p.125.
4. "Chessgames.comSearchabledatabase"(http://www.chessgames.com).Retrieved20070430.
5. http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/24thjuly1999/50/chess
6. DeFirmian,Nick(1999).ModernChessOpenings:MCO14.RandomHousePuzzles&Games.ISBN08129
30843.
7. "ChessgamesExchangevariation"(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessopening?eco=d85).Retrieved
20070430.
8. "Chessgames4.Bf4"(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessopening?eco=d82).Retrieved20070430.
9. http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1044694

Furtherreading
AndrsAdorjnJenoDory,WinningWiththeGrunfeld(Macmillan,1987)
AlexeySuetin,TheCompleteGrnfeld(Batsford,1991)
AnatolyKarpov,BeatingtheGrnfeld(Batsford,1992)
JonathanRowson,UnderstandingtheGrnfeld(Gambit,1998)
JacobAagaard,StartingOut:TheGrunfeld(EverymanChess,2000)
NigelDavies,TheGrnfeldDefence(EverymanChess,2002)
BogdanLali,TheGrunfeldfortheAttackingPlayer(Batsford,2002)
MichaelKhodarkovsky,TheGrnfeldDefenceRevealed(Batsford,2003)
Dearing,Edward(2005).ChallengingtheGrunfeld.QualityChess.ISBN9789197524346.
KonstantinSakaev,AnExpert'sGuidetothe7.Bc4Gruenfeld(ChessStars,2006)
YelenaDembo,PlaytheGrnfeld(EverymanChess,2007)
Komarov,DmitryDjuric,StefanPantaleoni,Claudio(2009).ChessOpeningEssentials,Vol.3:
IndianDefences.NewInChess.ISBN9789056912703.
Delchev,AleksanderAgrest,Evgenij(2011).TheSafestGrnfeld.ChessStars.ISBN9789548782
814.

Externallinks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence

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OnlineGuidetotheGrnfeld
TheWikibookChess
(http://www.eudesign.com/chessops/grunapp.htm)
OpeningTheoryhasapage
onthetopicof:Grnfeld
Chessgames:GrnfeldGambit
Defence
(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessopening?eco=d83)
Chessgames:NeoGrnfeld3.f3
(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessopening?eco=d70)
Chessgames:NeoGrnfeld3.g3(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessopening?eco=d71)
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grnfeld_Defence&oldid=664495033"
Categories: Chessopenings 1922inchess
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