Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Training Procedures
Section 1
Training Procedures
Page: 1.1
Section 2
Task List Evaluation Guide
Describe how the OJT system works and the supervisors role in it.
Ask participants to explain the OJT system and how it works.
The OJT task list is the core of the training system and reference tools are provided to support the hands-on-training if
needed.
Supervisors play a key role implementing the training. Supervisors are, as part of their ongoing duties, expected to continue
providing guidance and on-the-job training to crew members. They monitor and track the progress of the participants with
the help of the task list and appraisal guidelines. They are required to teach and instruct the participants.
The OJT competency based system is a self-paced program that trains and measures a participants skills and knowledge
required in each job category or function. The OJT system is a tool for self-development and career progression. It is
designed to ensure that the participant is exposed to a majority of the important occurrences relative to the particular job
category or function. It consists of a combination of practical work on the rig and self-study. The mandatory tasks are
supported with optional training tools that consist of books, manuals, interactive CD-ROMs, and films on DVD-ROMs.
Open-book questions are also provided. Instruction and evaluation of the training participants is the responsibility of the
immediate supervisor(s).
Participants must demonstrate competency in each task before the supervisor signs it off as completed. This method of
assessment ensures a demonstrated ability from participants as they gain new knowledge and skills required for the job
function. All tasks must be completed to the supervisor(s) satisfaction before they are eligible to complete a final computergenerated test.
Ask questions such as: What are the components of the OJT system and how is it implemented?
Module booklets, reference books, and reference software are procured in the conventional manner referencing the order
list on the Corporate Training website or EMPAC/TOPS Houston Procurement website. The supervisor gives the module
booklet to the participant who follows the self-paced task list. Besides hands-on learning, training tools are also used to
help the participant gain knowledge on the tasks. Supervisors assess participants as they perform the tasks. The OJT
Modules Assessors Guide is provided to guide the supervisors through the assessment process as required. All tasks
must be completed to the supervisors satisfaction. Workbook questions also support the tasks. The supervisor should
evaluate the workbook answers. The participant must successfully complete the final computer-generated test after all
other training requirements are completed. The completion notification form (CNF) is completed by the supervisor and
participant and sent to the regional training center for recording in the training database (TMS). A certificate is issued to the
participant. When the participant is transferred to another location, the task list / training records are also transferred.
2.
3.
Explain the role of the assistant driller during such emergencies as H S, hydrocarbon discharge, fire, man
2
overboard, and abandon rig.
Ask participants to explain their role is during emergency situations. Participants must ensure that the assistant drillers
subordinates are following the procedures in the emergency response plan.
Page: 2.1
Show how to conduct a THINK drill at the site where the task will be performed.
Observe participants conducting a THINK drill at the work site. They should plan, inspect, identify, communicate
and control. Participants should ensure that all concerned parties are involved, encourage input from all personnel
concerned, and incorporate suggestions into the work plan. They should also ensure that all safety issues are
addressed, all contingency planning is communicated, and key personnel are identified to the group. Participants
should discuss the scope of the work, the hazards, and specific procedures to be followed for the job. Communication
tools such as sketches, drawings, and manuals help to clearly convey the task strategy.
Reference HS&E Manual 9.30000.
5.
6.
Show how to communicate and work with other departments and third-party personnel.
Participants should demonstrate how to establish and maintain good liaison with personnel in such departments as
electrical, mechanical, subsea, and marine. They must also ensure concerted action and cooperation while working in a
professional manner with third-party company personnel, such as mud loggers, cementers, wireline operators, testing
operators, and casing crews.
7.
8.
Explain the assistant drillers role in managing crews productivity and drill floor housekeeping.
Ask the participant about the planned drill crews work for the day. They should have all jobs organized and working
smoothly. Check that the drill floor is clean, tidy, and hazard-free. If it is not, participants must direct the drill crew to put
it in order. Putting the floor in order may involve removing unnecessary items from the floor, checking and cleaning
various tools and equipment, and washing down the floor.
9.
Explain and show how to align the standpipe manifold and the choke manifold for testing, cementing, drilling,
and reverse circulating.
Ask participants explain and show how to line up the manifolds for operations such as reverse circulating, cementing,
and pumping through the kill line.
Page: 2.2
Page: 2.3
Page: 2.4
Page: 2.5
Page: 2.6
Page: 2.7
Page: 2.8
Page: 2.9
Page: 2.10
Page: 2.11
Page: 2.12
Page: 2.13
TDS-4
TDS-5
26,400
Hi 24,800
Low 38,700
33,000
31,000
27,800
Hi 29,100
Hi 26,100
Low 45,500
Low 40,900
38,700
34,800
34,700
Hi 32,500
Low 50,900
43,300
30,200
Hi 28,300
Low 44,300
37,700
79. Describe the maximum RPM at maximum continuous torque rating on this specific top drive.
Example:
TDS-3
Motor Type
GE752 Shunt
GE752 HiTorq
Shunt
GE752 Series
GE752 HiToq
Series
EMD M89
VTS Series
TDS-4
TDS-5
195
Hi 205
Low 130
155
165
185
Hi 175
Hi 195
Low 110
Low 125
130
150
150
Hi 160
Low 100
125
170
Hi 180
Low 115
135
80. Identify the model of pipe handler fitted to this specific top drive, and the maximum breakout capacity in Ft/Lbs.
Example:
PH60 - 60,000 Ft/Lbs
PH85 -
85,000 Ft/Lbs
81. Explain and show the operational sequence of pipe handler torque wrench in drilling mode.
The participants should describe the sequence of events from activating torque wrench on drillers console. Follow rig
specific procedures. An example follows: Sequence pipe handler raises 2" with torque tube engaging splines on upper
IBOP valve, it then receives sequenced pressure to clamp the clamping piston on the box end connection. After the
clamping pressure is developed, another sequence valve automatically opens and directs pressure to the torque cylinders.
The torque cylinders can rotate up to 25 degrees while developing a maximum torque of either 60,000 or 85,000 Ft/Lbs
(according to which model PH60 or PH85). This entire operation is accomplished by one electrical push button on the
drillers console.
82. Explain and show the operational sequence of pipe handler torque wrench when changing out saver sub and /
or IBOP valve.
The participants should describe the removal of the first stop on the lifting mechanism of the torque wrench which allows
further raising of the torque wrench to space out the clamping piston onto the saver sub. This allows the break out and
make up of saver sub as required. The removal of the second stop on the lifting mechanism allows the lower IBOP valve
to be broken out or made up as required.
Page: 2.14
Page: 2.15
Local Blower basic motor cooling system designed to provide local cooling air to the drilling motor, it receives
air from 20 feet above the rig floor at the lowest point of the motors travel. A heavy construction pressure blower
is mounted to the motor. The blower is directly driven by a 15hp explosion proof electrical motor which is connected
to the blower with a rigid duct. This design provides highly reliable service with positive ventilation through its
normal inlet and spark arrestor protected outlets. It provides a safe, visibly verifiable system that will prevent
explosion of flammable gasses or vapours coming from the well bore.
2.
Local Blower with Extended Intake to comply with certain agency requirements, the minimum intake height
must be raised. In order to accomplish this, an extended intake may be specified. This system consists of a
standard type local blower with ducting to allow the intake to be mounted on the hook or travelling block with a
flexible hose running down to the motor. This raises the minimum intake height to approximately 30 feet above
the rig floor.
3.
Derrick Mounted Remote Blower for applications that cannot be assured of safe cooling air, such as enclosed
derricks, an alternative system using an 8 inch diameter flexible duct is fitted. The systems operation is identical
to the standard system except the blower motor is a 30hp motor that is mounted at the monkey board level and
receives cooling air from outside the derrick walls. The extra horsepower is required to force the air through the
duct, which is a heavy construction bulk transfer hose of the type used between offshore supply boats and
platforms.
Closed Loop some regulatory agencies define severely restrictive hazardous areas and consequently require a closed
loop cooling system that recirculates cooling air over water cooled heat exchangers. The closed loop system consists of
two tube type heat exchangers connected to twin blowers driven by a double-ended AC motor. Ducting passes air out the
motor exhaust port to the heat exchangers and back to the blower inlets. The heat exchangers are built from cupro-nickel
tubes and headers are proof tested to 250 psi.
Page: 2.16
Page: 2.17
Section 3
Workbook Question & Answers
Applied Mathematics
Practical Well Control
Kick Data and Gauges
Drilling Line Care and Maintenance
Drilling a Straight Hole
Rig Hydraulics
Drilling Muds
Casing
Cementing
Page Numbers
0204
0506
0712
1316
1722
2327
2833
3439
4043
Page: 3.1
1.
2.
3.
12.25 in.
What is the annular capacity of a 171/2 inch hole with 5-inch drill pipe inside?
A. 0.2732 bbl/ft
B. 0.1968 bbl/ft
C. 0.1743 bbl/ft
D. 0.0895 bbl/ft
5 in.
What is the volume in barrels of a rectangular mud tank with the following
dimensions?
6.5 ft
Width = 61/2 ft, Length = 181/4 ft, Height = 10 ft
A. 211 bbl
B. 316 bbl
C. 663 bbl
D. 1,048 bbl
17.5 in.
10 ft
18.25 ft
4.
What is the volume of a rectangular mud tank with the following dimensions?
Width = 3.5 m, Length = 7.8 m, Height = 4.3 m
3.5 m
A. 117 m3
B. 738 bbl
C. both A and B
D. none of the above
4.3 m
7.8 m
5.
What volume in barrels can the tank hold before fluid passes through the overflow pipe?
A. 320 bbl
B. 230 bbl
C. 110 bbl
D. none of the above
10 ft
7.5 ft
10 ft
24 ft
Page: 3.2
6.
What is the area of an oval tank cover in square feet, with the following dimensions?
Minor Axis = 4 ft, Major axis = 81/2 ft
A. 106.8 ft2
B. 75.4 ft2
C. 49.3 ft2
D. 26.7 ft2
8.5 ft
4 ft
7.
Using the dimensions in question number 6, calculate the volume in barrels, of an oval tank 271/2 feet high?
A. 254 bbl
B. 162 bbl
C. 131 bbl
D. 85 bbl
8.
What is the volume increase in barrels when raising the mud weight from 9.4 ppg to 10.6 ppg in a 1,400 barrel
system?
A. 256 bbl
B. 71 bbl
C. 110 bbl
D. 76 bbl
9.
How much water needs to be added to reduce the mud weight from 10.8 ppg to 9.5 ppg in an 1,800-barrel mud
system?
A. 2,000 bbl
B. 1,500 bbl
C. 1,000 bbl
D. 500 bbl
Page: 3.3
11.
12.
13.
14.
5118 ft
5 in. drill pipe
ID 4 in.
239 ft
8 in. drill collar
1/2 in.
ID 2!/2
Page: 3.4
1.
2.
Of all the pressure losses in the circulating system, which one acts only on the borehole?
A. The pressure loss across the nozzles.
B. The pressure loss in the surface lines.
C. The pressure loss in the drill stem.
D. The pressure loss in the annulus.
3.
At the start of a trip out of the hole for a bit change, the first 20 x 93 foot stands of pipe are pulled from the hole
wet with no fill up. Using the following data, calculate the reduction in bottomhole pressure.
DP. Metal Displacement
=
.00764 bbls/ft
DP. Capacity
=
.01776 bbls/ft
Casing Capacity
=
.0758 bbls/ft
Mud Weight
=
10 ppg
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
48 psi
483 psi
600 psi
683 psi
At the start of a trip out of the hole for a bit change, the first 10 x 93 foot stands of pipe are pulled from the hole
dry with no fill up. Using the following data, calculate the reduction in bottomhole pressure.
DP. Metal Displacement
=
.00764 bbls/ft
DP. Capacity
=
.01776 bbls/ft
Casing Capacity
=
.0758 bbls/ft
Mud Weight
=
12 ppg
A.
B.
C.
D.
650 psi
6 psi
65 psi
130 psi
5.
Select the two things that are needed to accurately determine initial circulating pressure.
A. Drilling pump pressure and mud weight
B. Shut-in drill pipe pressure and mud weight
C. Slow circulating rate pressure and final circulating pressure
D. Slow circulating rate pressure and shut-in drill pipe pressure
6.
Select the three things that are needed to accurately determine final circulating pressure.
A. Drilling pump pressure, drilling mud weight, and kill mud weight
B. Shut-in drill pipe pressure, drilling mud weight, and kill mud weight
C. Slow circulating rate pressure, drilling mud weight, and kill mud weight
D. Slow circulating rate pressure, drilling mud weight, and final circulating pressure
7.
The driller's method of well control normally requires how many circulations to kill a well?
A. One circulation
B. Two circulations
C. Three circulations
D. Four circulations
Page: 3.5
8.
9.
During a well-killing operation, a common way to bring the pump up to kill rate without changing bottomhole
pressure is to ______
A. keep SIDPP constant at the original shut-in value by opening the choke.
B. keep SIDPP constant at the original shut-in value by opening the choke and bringing the pump up to
kill-rate speed.
C. keep SICP constant at the original shut-in value by opening the choke and bringing the pump up
to kill-rate speed.
D. ensure that casing pressure and standpipe pressure rise consistently together.
10.
The usable accumulator fluid for a 10 gallon accumulator bottle on a 3,000 psi system with 1,000 psi precharge
is approximately ______
A. 9 gallons.
B. 7 gallons.
C. 5 gallons.
D. 3 gallons.
Page: 3.6
Well Depth
WELL DATA
10,000 ft TVD
11,500 ft MD
Bit size
8.5 in.
Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
Casing
12 ppg
Pumps
While Drilling
PUMP PRESSURE
2,500 psi at 80 spm (APL = 260 psi)
ANNULAR VOLUMES
= 0.0505 bbls/ft
= 0.0459 bbls/ft
= 0.0292 bbls/ft
SIDPP
SICP
GAIN
FRACTURE GRADIENT AT SHOE
Page: 3.7
1.
2.
3.
What is the surface to bit time with the pump running at 80 spm?
A. 21 mins
B. 25 mins
C. 32 mins
D. 39 mins
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
After reaching FCP it is decided to increase the pump speed to 40 spm. What would happen to BHP if the drill
pipe pressure is held constant at the original FCP value?
A. Increase by about 210 psi
B. Decrease by about 210 psi
C. Remain constant because drill pipe pressure was not changed
D. Increase by about 500 psi
9.
What is the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the hole before the kick?
A. 5,800 psi
B. 6,800 psi
C. 7,800 psi
D. 6,240 psi
Page: 3.8
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
How long will it take to go from bit to shoe at a pump speed of 30 spm?
A. About 214 mins
B. About 29 mins
C. About 157 mins
D. About 55 mins
18.
Page: 3.9
19.
If the casing shoe is tested with 12 ppg mud in the hole, how much pressure is applied at the surface to give a
fracture gradient of .91 psi/ft?
A. 1,250 psi
B. 1,500 psi
C. 2,000 psi
D. 1,950 psi
20.
What would be the new MAASP once the well has been killed?
A. 685 psi
B. 1,638 psi
C. 700 psi
D. 585 psi
21.
At 30 spm how long will it take to pump kill mud to the bit?
A. 157 mins
B. 214 mins
C. 56 mins
D. 76 mins
22.
If a 100 psi safety margin is included in the kill mud weight, what would the new kill weight be?
A. 15.5 ppg
B. 16.0 ppg
C. 15.4 ppg
D. 13.2 ppg
23.
What would be the approximate pressure step down from ICP to FCP in psi/100 strokes?
A. 30 psi/100 stks
B. 46 psi/100 stks
C. 50 psi/100 stks
D. 66 psi/100 stks
24.
TOTAL STROKES
900 1000 1100
800
1200
700
60
800
PSI
600
1500
500
400
1600
400
100
1800
0 1900
100
30
DRILLPIPE PRESSURE
1800
0 1900
CASING PRESSURE
770
720
OPEN
Page: 3.10
1600
1700
200
PUMP SPEED
1400
1500
300
1700
200
1300
PSI
600
1400
500
300
700
1300
CHOKE
CLOSE
POSITION
25.
The operation has been going for 10 minutes. What should you do?
A. Open the choke a little.
B. Close the choke a little.
C. Increase the pump speed.
900 1000 1100
D. Decrease the pump speed.
800
1200
700
1300
E. Nothing, everything looks okay.
PSI
600
TOTAL STROKES
300
800
700
1500
500
400
1600
400
1800
0 1900
100
1600
1700
200
30
CASING PRESSURE
770
750
OPEN
26.
CHOKE
CLOSE
POSITION
The pit levels are reported to be increasing slightly. What are you going to do now?
A. Open the choke a little.
B. Close the choke a little.
TOTAL STROKES
C. Increase the pump speed.
900 1000 1100
1000
D. Decrease the pump speed.
800
1200
700
1300
E. Nothing, everything looks okay.
PSI
600
800
700
1500
500
400
1600
400
100
1800
0 1900
1300
PSI
1600
1700
200
100
PUMP SPEED
30
DRILLPIPE PRESSURE
850
OPEN
Casing pressure is still slowly increasing. What are you going to do now?
A. Open the choke a little.
B. Close the choke a little.
C. Increase the pump speed.
900 1000 1100
D. Decrease the pump speed.
800
1200
700
1300
E. Nothing, everything looks okay.
PSI
600
CHOKE
CLOSE
POSITION
TOTAL STROKES
3000
800
700
1500
500
400
1600
400
100
1800
0 1900
30
770
1400
1500
1600
1700
200
PUMP SPEED
DRILLPIPE PRESSURE
100
1800
0 1900
CASING PRESSURE
950
OPEN
1300
PSI
300
1700
200
600
1400
500
300
1800
0 1900
CASING PRESSURE
750
27.
1400
1500
300
1700
200
600
1400
500
300
1800
0 1900
100
PUMP SPEED
DRILLPIPE PRESSURE
1400
1500
300
1700
200
1300
PSI
600
1400
500
300
CHOKE
CLOSE
POSITION
Page: 3.11
28.
The casing pressure has been reducing for the last few hundred strokes. How are things going?
A. Open the choke a little.
B. Close the choke a little.
TOTAL STROKES
C. Increase the pump speed.
900 1000 1100
900 1000 1100
4750
D. Decrease the pump speed.
800
1200
800
1200
700
1300
700
1300
E. Good, everything looks okay.
PSI
600
1500
500
400
1600
400
300
100
1800
0 1900
100
30
DRILLPIPE PRESSURE
1800
0 1900
CASING PRESSURE
770
520
OPEN
Page: 3.12
1600
1700
200
PUMP SPEED
1400
1500
300
1700
200
PSI
600
1400
500
CHOKE
CLOSE
POSITION
Part I
1.
Sharp corners, bad drum winding, loops in the line, or operating over small diameter sheaves will cause what
type of damage?
A. Crossover wear
B. Drum crush
C. Doglegs
D. Tension breaks
2.
3.
4.
What is a ton-mile?
A. The weight of the drill string multiplied by the depth of the hole
B. The work needed to move one ton over a one-mile distance
C. The maximum drawworks capacity
D. The depth of the hole divided by the weight of the string
5.
What always takes precedence over ton-miles when it comes to drilling line replacement?
A. Visual inspection
B. Depth of trip to be performed
C. Weight of assembly to be tripped
D. How long until the end of the shift
6.
7.
Why do we cut the line rather than spooling more and more onto the drawworks?
A. To prevent spooling problems
B. To avoid damage to the line of other wraps
C. To avoid accumulating too much line on the drawworks
D. all of the above
8.
9.
Maintenance of what equipment has a direct bearing on the condition of a drilling line?
A. Crown block, travelling block, drawworks, Crown-O-Matic, deadline stabilizer, deadline anchor,
wireline turnbacks
B. Crown block, travelling block, drawworks, Crown-O-Matic, deadline stabilizer, wireline turnbacks
C. Crown block, travelling block, drawworks, deadline anchor, wireline turnbacks
D. Crown block, travelling block, Crown-O-Matic, deadline stabilizer, deadline anchor
Page: 3.13
10.
Part II
11. What needs to be reset after string-up or cutoff?
A. The drillers brake
B. The drawworks auxiliary brake
C. The Crown-O-Matic
D. none of the above
12.
How much gap should the load cell sensator have without a load on the hook?
A. 5 / 8 in.
B. 3/ 8 in.
C. 4 / 16 in.
D. none of the above
13.
14.
15.
16.
What should be attached to the derrick above the drawworks to prevent fastline flopping?
A. A wireline guide
B. A deadline stabilizer
C. A deadline anchor
D. A turnback roller
17.
18.
How many wraps of line should be put on the drawworks with the travelling block at the lower pick up point?
A. 18
B. 16
C. 12
D. 8
Page: 3.14
Part III
19.
20.
21.
What two things does slipping and cutting of drilling line accomplish?
A. It moves worn line away from critical wear points and continuously replaces worn line.
B. It removes old line from service and moves points of heavy wear to non-critical points.
C. It moves less worn line to the critical wear points and adds new line into the system.
D. all of the above
22.
When should visual inspection of drilling line take precedence over ton-mile goals?
A. Always
B. After jarring operations
C. Prior to running a heavy casing string
D. During an end of well inspection
23.
Part IV
Refer to the ton-miles tables in the IADC Drilling Manual to answer questions 2426.
You have just completed a round trip to a depth of 14,000 feet with the following tubulars:
18 x 30 foot (92 lbs/ft) 61/2-in. x 23/4-in. drill collars, 5 in. 19.50 lbs/ft. drill pipe. (31 ft average length)
The travelling assembly weighs 20,000 lbs and the crown block weighs 10,000 lbs. Mud weight = 10 ppg
24.
25.
26.
The trip before this involved 444 ton-miles tripping. How many ton-miles were used in drilling between trips?
A. 468
B. 309
C. 150
D. 60
Page: 3.15
2,640,000
You have just completed a round trip to a depth of 12,000 feet with the following tubulars:
15 x 30 ft (101 lbs/ft) 6 3/4-in. x 2 3/4-in. drill collars, 5 in. 19.50 lbs/ft. drill pipe. (31 ft average length)
The travelling assembly weighs 25,000 lbs and the crown block weighs 10,000 lbs. Mud weight = 10 ppg
27.
28.
29.
The trip before this involved 245 ton-miles. How many ton-miles were used in drilling between trips?
A. 876
B. 744
C. 498
D. 423
Page: 3.16
2.
Use figure 1.4 to determine the true vertical depth and the horizontal drift in a hole drilled to 5,000 feet with a
constant inclination from the vertical of 630'.
A. True vertical depth = 4,968 ft; horizontal drift = 566 ft
B. True vertical depth = 5,000 ft; horizontal drift = 0 ft
C. True vertical depth = 99.36 ft; horizontal drift = 11.32 ft
D. True vertical depth = 993.6 ft; horizontal drift = 113.2 ft
3.
4.
Use the table in figure 1.7 to determine the dogleg severity with the following data:
First Survey
Second Survey
Vertical angle: 8 15'
Vertical angle: 2 45'
(8 1/4)
(2 3/4)
Direction: S 34 E
Direction: S 9 E
Depth: 6,400 feet
Depth: 6,475 feet
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.
6.
Which of the following factors will increase the amount of fatigue damage to drill pipe?
A. Corrosive drilling fluids
B. Low tensile load in the pipe at a dogleg
C. A severe dogleg
D. none of the above
7.
8.
When drilling in shale with a formation dip of 40, the bit is most likely to ______
A. climb downdip.
B. drill parallel to the bedding planes.
C. be unaffected and drill vertical.
D. climb updip.
Page: 3.17
9.
10.
11.
12.
Drilling a straight hole is generally considered easier in soft formations because ______
A. less weight is required.
B. more weight is required.
C. the drill stem will bend less in soft formations than in hard ones.
D. fewer joints of drill pipe are needed in soft formations than in hard.
13.
14.
In an inclined hole, the most important influence working to keep the hole vertical is ______
A. the formation reaction.
B. the axial load.
C. a fulcrum stabilizer.
D. gravity.
17.
Page: 3.18
18.
19.
In the IADC Hole Inclination-Weight Tables (fig. 1.22), a class A formation ______
A. has severe crooked-hole tendencies.
B. is the easiest to drill.
C. has mild crooked-hole tendencies.
D. can be easily drilled with a slick assembly.
20.
21.
Use the table in figure 1.22 to determine which of the following statements are true with the following drilling
conditions:
Hole size: 81/8 in.
Hole class: R
Formation dip: 15
Hole angle: 4
Drill collar size: 7 in.
A. The driller can run 39,162 lbs on the bit with the 7-in. drill collars and maintain hole angle.
B. Bit weight can be increased to 68,500 lbs if 7 1/2-in. drill collars are used and a stabilizer run
at 60 ft above the bit without changing hole angle.
C. Hole angle can be reduced to 2 by reducing bit weight by 7,362 lbs and adding a stabilizer 80 ft
above the bit.
D. The driller can increase weight on bit to 46,200 lbs with the same BHA and not affect hole angle.
22.
A sharp and drastic reduction in bit weight is the best way to reduce hole angle.
A. True
B. False
23.
24.
25.
C
A
B
Page: 3.19
26.
27.
28.
29.
A packed-hole BHA with three stabilizers in zone 1, one stabilizer in zone 2, and one stabilizer in zone 3 would
be most suitable for ______
A. mild crooked-hole conditions.
B. moderate crooked-hole conditions.
C. severe crooked-hole conditions.
D. none of the above
30.
31.
It is usually necessary to reduce weight on bit when changing from a packed-hole assembly to pendulum or
packed pendulum BHA.
A. True
B. False
32.
If a driller reduces the bit weight in order to straighten the hole, he must ______
A. also change the bit so that the weight will be properly distributed on the cones.
B. also decrease rpm.
C. reduce the weight quickly so that penetration rate is not lost.
D. reduce the weight gradually so that a dogleg will not develop.
33.
Page: 3.20
35.
How much does a standard-length drill collar weigh if it has a 51/2-inch OD and 21/4-inch ID?
A. 67 lbs
B. 2,010 lbs
C. 6,700 lbs
D. 201.0 lbs
36.
What total weight of drill collars in air is required with the following drilling conditions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
37.
How many 71/4-inch OD x 21/4-inch ID standard-length drill collars will be needed with the following drilling
conditions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
38.
If seven standard-length 6-inch OD x 213/16-inch ID drill collars are used, how many standard-length
71/2-inch OD x 213/16-inch ID collars will be needed with the following conditions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
39.
The point at which the drill collar string changes from compression to tension is called the _____
A. neutral point.
B. equilibrium condition.
C. point of tangency.
D. fatigue damage.
40.
Large drill collars are the best tools for combating crooked-hole problems. In fact, the largest drill collars
available should be used because drill collars cannot be too large in crooked-hole country.
A. True
B. False
41.
A general rule of thumb that can be used in selecting drill collars for a transition zone is to _____
A. install the largest-OD, thickest-walled collars possible.
B. always use square drill collars.
C. reduce drill collar size not more than 2 inches at any crossover.
D. use only one drill collar for each size reduction.
Page: 3.21
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Which of the following tools would most probably be used in a hard formation?
A. Integral-blade stabilizer
B. Rolling cutter reamer
C. Go-devil
D. Welded-blade stabilizer
49.
50.
Page: 3.22
In using prepared tables to determine pressure losses in the hydraulic system, the ______ must be taken
account of if it differs from that used in preparing values for the table.
A. mud viscosity
B. rotary speed
C. bit weight
D. mud weight
3.
Reducing the amount of pump input power will not have any effect on the drilling rate if the proper bit has been
selected for the drilling operation.
A. True
B. False
4.
Use the 10D2 rule to determine the input pump power for properly cleaning an 8 1/2-inch hole.
A. 80 hp
B. 800 hp
C. 810 hp
D. 810 hhp
5.
6.
Which of the following conditions will result in the largest increase in hydraulic horsepower?
A. Increasing fluid pressure and decreasing fluid volume
B. Increasing fluid pressure and keeping fluid volume constant
C. Increasing both fluid pressure and the fluid volume
D. Decreasing both fluid pressure and fluid volume at a slow but constant rate
7.
What is the hydraulic horsepower produced by a pump that delivers 419 gpm at 2,330 psi? (Answers are
rounded to the nearest whole number.)
A. 570 hhp
B. 1,714 hhp
C. 2,749 hhp
D. 976,270 hhp
8.
Determine the input power needed to deliver the amount of hydraulic horsepower in question 7, if the pump is
90% efficient.
A. 90 hhp
B. 570 hhp
C. 518 hhp
D. 633 hhp
Page: 3.23
9.
What is the approximate standpipe pressure for a pump that delivers 590.4 hhp with a circulation rate of 460
gpm?
A. 1,714 psi
B. 2,200 psi
C. 2,729 psi
D. 590.4 psi
10.
What hydraulic horsepower is produced by a pump that delivers drilling fluid at a rate of 12 bbl/min with 2,100 psi?
A. 14.7 hhp
B. 560 hhp
C. 617.5 hhp
D. 721.2 hhp
Use figures 2.6 and 2.7 in the lesson to determine the pressure loss for the following equipment:
standpipe45 ft with 4-in. ID; hose55 ft with 3-in. ID; swivel5 ft with 21/4-in. ID; kelly40 ft with
31/4-in. ID. Circulation rate is 570 gpm with 10-ppg mud.
A. 254 psi
B. 91 psi
C. 56 psi
D. 38 psi
13.
If the surface equipment given in question 12 were used with 12.2 ppg mud and circulated at 540 gpm, what
pressure loss would occur?
A. 82 psi
B. 61 psi
C. 50 psi
D. 44.6 psi
14.
The best way to determine pressure losses in the drill string is to tabulate losses in the drill pipe and drill collars
separately and then add them together.
A. True
B. False
Use figures 2.9 and 2.10 with the following drilling conditions to answer questions 15, 16, and 17.
Drill pipe:
Size: 41/2-in. OD
Weight: 16.6 lbs/ft
Tool joint type: XH
15.
Page: 3.24
With 10-ppg mud, the pressure loss through 7,500 feet of drill pipe is ______
A. 96 psi.
B. 490 psi.
C. 720 psi.
D. 720,00 psi.
16.
If a 10-ppg mud is used, what is the pressure loss through 330 feet of drill collars?
A. 151.2 psi
B. 211 psi
C. 490 psi
D. 696.3 psi
17.
If 9-ppg mud is used, what is the total pressure loss occurring through 7,500 feet of drill pipe and 330 feet of drill
collars?
A. 307 psi
B. 1,274.6 psi
C. 1,416.3 psi
D. 1,573.6 psi
18.
The amount of pressure available for the bit should be ______ percent of the total pressure from the pump.
A. 3347
B. 5075
C. 100
D. none of the above
19.
20.
If a properly designed hydraulics program delivers a total of 685 hhp at the surface, what is the minimum hhp
needed at the bit (bhhp)?
A. 342.5
B. 547.6
C. 685
D. 1,027.5
21.
The drilling fluid undergoes a large pressure decrease and a great velocity increase at the bit nozzles.
A. True
B. False
22.
23.
Generally, the velocity of the drilling fluid in the annulus should be as high as possible and, in any case, never
less than the rate in the drill string.
A. True
B. False
24.
Which one of the following drilling fluids would give the highest pressure losses?
A. Clear water
B. Oil-based mud
C. High-density mud
D. High-viscosity mud
Page: 3.25
27.
28.
A jet nozzle that measures 8/32 in. in diameter of nozzle opening is called a size ______
A. 0.25.
B. 32.
C. 8.
D. none of the above
29.
30.
Use the table in figure 2.16 to determine the best nozzle combination for a hydraulics program that has a
circulation rate of 820 gpm and pressure available at the bit of 1,560 psi (assume 10-ppg mud). The
appropriate nozzle combination is ______
A. one 16 and two 18s.
B. two 16s and one 18.
C. three 16s.
D. one 15 and two 16s.
31.
Doubling the flow rate and doubling the size of the nozzle will double the nozzle velocity at the bit.
A. True
B. False
Page: 3.26
33.
34.
Use tables 1 and 2 to determine the annular velocity for the following drilling conditions: circulation rate420
gpm; drill pipe size4-in. OD and 3.34-in. ID; hole size 7.875 in.
A. 96.75 ft/min
B. 14 ft/min
C. 5 ft/min
D. 230.4 ft/min
35.
Page: 3.27
The reactive portion of the drilling mud is sometimes called the ______
A. liquid phase.
B. colloidal fraction.
C. inert fraction.
D. emulsion.
3.
4.
According to the clay-yield curve shown in figure 3.6, roughly how many pounds of common drilling clay are
needed to produce 1 barrel of 15-centipoise mud?
A. 100
B. 20
C. 10
D. 200
5.
6.
7.
8.
Bentonite, a clay often used in drilling muds, will hydrate greatly when added to the mud, regardless of what the
continuous liquid phase is made up of.
A. True
B. False
9.
Page: 3.28
10.
11.
12.
15.
16.
Which of the following factors will cause inaccurate results in an electric log?
A. The use of an oil-base mud as the drilling fluid
B. Excessive water filtrate in the formation
C. The use of seawater as the makeup water for the mud
D. none of the above
Page: 3.29
18.
An additive that can be used to improve filtration in muds with salt contamination higher than 20,000 ppm is
______
A. barite.
B. PAC.
C. asbestos.
D. CMC.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
High viscosity, yield point, and gel strength can be caused by ______
A. a low concentration of drilled solids.
B. insufficient deflocculation of clay solids.
C. contamination from gypsum, cement, or salt.
D. all of the above
25.
26.
Page: 3.30
27.
Which of the following additives could be used to reduce viscosity and gel strength in a mud with a pH of 10?
A. Lignite
B. Quebracho
C. CMC
D. Lignosulfonate
28.
With salt contamination, the best way to remove salt from the mud is by
A. adding a commercial flocculating agent.
B. treating the mud returns with a large amount of barite at the shale shaker.
C. adding a small amount of CMC.
D. none of the above
29.
The best procedure for drilling in thick salt beds or dome salt is to convert to clear water for the drilling fluid until
the salt formation has been penetrated.
A. True
B. False
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Which of the following muds would be most effective in a drilling operation that encounters bottomhole
temperatures of 300F?
A. Phosphate-treated muds
B. Calcium hydroxide or lime mud
C. Lignosulfonate mud
D. all of the above
Page: 3.31
36.
Which of the following additive-effect combinations is correct when used in a saltwater mud?
A. CMC to increase filtration
B. Lignosulfonate as a thinner
C. Bentonite as the primary additive for the colloidal fraction
D. Pin oil to reduce the effects of foaming
37.
To function effectively as drilling fluids, clear fresh water and salt water frequently require ______
A. additives for decreasing viscosity.
B. additives for reducing flocculation.
C. mechanical equipment for solids control.
D. additives for controlling filtration rate.
38.
39.
Particular care should be exercised in adding chemicals to the mud because some ______
A. are poisonous.
B. cause burns to skin.
C. are dangerous when inhaled.
D. include all of the above characteristics.
A mud with a continuous phase made up of 30% water and 70% diesel oil is called ______
A. a true oil-base mud.
B. a low-solids mud.
C. a polymer mud.
D. an invert-emulsion mud.
42.
43.
44.
The amount of soap formed in an oil-base mud must be controlled because excessive amounts of soap can
reduce penetration rates.
A. True
B. False
Page: 3.32
45.
46.
When calibrating a mud balance, fill the cup with pure water and set the movable weight to read ______
A. zero.
B. 8.1 ppg.
C. 8.33 ppg.
D. 10 ppg.
47.
In a field test, the mud man would measure apparent viscosity of the mud ______
A. in pounds per 100 square feet.
B. in terms of specific gravity.
C. with a Marsh funnel.
D. in seconds per quart (946 cc).
48.
49.
Procedures for testing oil-base and water-base muds are basically the same except that the funnel viscosity of a
water-base mud varies greatly with temperature changes, while the apparent viscosity of an oil mud is not
affected by temperature.
A. True
B. False
50.
Page: 3.33
One of the major differences between casing and drill pipe is that ______
A. the length range of the casing most frequently used is shorter than the standard joint of drill pipe.
B. the range of casing OD and wall thickness is much greater than that of standard drill pipe,
accounting for the larger diameter and increased weight of casing.
C. the ID of most casing is smaller than the ID of drill pipe, accounting for the greater wall thickness of casing.
D. drill pipe is threaded on each end and most casing is not.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Factors influencing the depth at which surface casing is set include ______
A. state rules and regulations.
B. depth of mineral deposits requiring protection.
C. formation fracture gradient.
D. all of the above
7.
The casing string that seals off weak zones that might rupture with heavy muds needed to drill deeper and
protect against lost circulation in shallow formations is ______
A. surface casing.
B. conductor pipe.
C. intermediate casing.
D. oil string casing.
8.
9.
Surface casing and intermediate casing have entirely different functions, so in a well where surface casing is set
to 5,000 feet, intermediate casing will not be needed.
A. True
B. False
Page: 3.34
10.
11.
12.
Frequently, the heaviest string of pipe set in the well is the ______
A. intermediate string.
B. tie-back string.
C. conductor.
D. production string.
15.
A casing string for a particular well is usually made up of uniform grades of casing.
A. True
B. False
16.
Casing that is shorter in length than the standard ranges is called ______
A. short strings.
B. couplings.
C. joints.
D. pup joints.
17.
Factors that affect the design of a casing string for a well include ______
A. tension.
B. collapse pressure.
C. burst pressure.
D. all of the above
18.
The minimum tensile strength for API Casing Grade J-55 is ______
A. 55,000 psi.
B. 80,000 psi.
C. 75,000 psi.
D. 100,000 psi.
Page: 3.35
19.
When designing casing strings, designers need not consider couplings because the coupling strength equals
the strength of the pipe body.
A. True
B. False
20.
21.
When couplings are screwed onto the casing hand tight, they are ______
A. loose enough to be easily removed by hand.
B. tight enough so that a wrench must be used to remove them.
C. also tightened to the power-tight position.
D. easily removed for cleaning and inspecting before the pipe is used.
22.
23.
The casing strings that must withstand the greatest burst pressures are the ______
A. conductor.
B. surface.
C. intermediate.
D. production.
24.
Use the most commonly employed tension factor to calculate the amount of weight that could be suspended
from a top joint with a tensile strength of 420,000 pounds.
A. 756,000 lbs
B. 75,600 lbs
C. 233,334 lbs
D. 23,334 lbs
25.
26.
Factors affecting the selection of properly sized production casing for a well include ______
A. method of production for the well.
B. common practices in the area.
C. rate of production for the well.
D. none of the above
Page: 3.36
28.
Experience from the field has shown that some slurry contamination occurs below the top plug. To reduce the
chance of slurry contamination in the annulus, an operator may practice ______
A. not using a top plug.
B. using a float collar near the casing shoe.
C. using guide shoes.
D. using a float collar a distance of one or more lengths above the casing shoe.
29.
The device used to guide the casing around obstructions or ledges in the hole is a ______
A. float collar.
B. baffle collar.
C. centralizer.
D. guide shoe.
30.
31.
Operators cementing very long casing strings in which the potential for formation damage is high may cement
separate sections with the use of ______
A. high-pressured pumps.
B. multistage cementing devices.
C. baffle collars.
D. any of the above
32.
33.
Scratchers clamped to the casing can add strength to the cement sheath holding the casing in place because
they lace the cement with steel cables.
A. True
B. False
36.
In most cases, the regular rig crew will prepare for the casing operation by ______
A. preparing the hole.
B. checking the operating condition of rig machinery.
C. making arrangements for filling casing as each joint is made up.
D. all of the above
Page: 3.37
37.
38.
Accurate casing measurement is essential on any casing job. The task of measuring casing for a given job may
be accomplished by ______
A. electric logs.
B. cement bond logs.
C. measuring and counting joints of pipe delivered to the site.
D. checking shipping papers.
E. using casing tally sheets.
39.
If a clean thread protector is in place as a joint of casing is picked up from the catwalk, it is not necessary to
apply thread compound before stabbing.
A. True
B. False
40.
41.
42.
43.
Inadequate conditioning of the hole and improper mud treating may cause problems such
as ______
A. poor cementing.
B. stuck pipe.
C. redrilling the hole.
D. all of the above
44.
During a casing job, it is a good practice to fill the casing periodically as the pipe is run in the hole because
______
A. large-diameter pipe may collapse because of unbalanced pressure outside the pipe.
B. the pipe may stick.
C. it aids in the cementing process.
D. it helps prevent a blowout.
Page: 3.38
45.
The volume of mud gain by the pits when a 15,000 foot, 51/2-in. OD casing is run in a well and completely filled
up (assume no fluid loss) is ______
A. 100 bbls.
B. 10.9 bbls.
C. 109.0 bbls.
D. 190.0 bbls.
46.
Operators can reduce the chance of losing circulation while running casing by ______
A. lowering the casing more slowly.
B. installing additional casing accessories.
C. increasing the mud viscosity.
D. none of the above
47.
Circulating the casing string after reaching bottom produces some desirable effects, including ______
A. flushing out cuttings and wall cake before cementing.
B. conditioning the mud.
C. testing the surface piping system.
D. all of the above
48.
It is not considered good practice to move the casing either by rotating or reciprocating when scratchers are
installed.
A. True
B. False
49.
50.
Changes in temperature as well as other operational changes in a well require that casing withstand several
types of loads, including ______
A. burst.
B. collapse.
C. buckle.
D. tension.
E. all of the above
Page: 3.39
3.
A cementing crew may not wish to use water from a stock tank near a well site because ______
A. the water might contain organic chemicals that affect the setting properties of cement.
B. the water might foul pumping equipment.
C. the water supply might be inadequate.
D. all of the above
4.
5.
6.
Experience from the field suggests that the best water-cement ratio is approximately ______
A. 101/2 gallons per sack of cement.
B. 111/4 gallons per sack of cement.
C. 5 1/2 gallons per sack of cement.
D. 8 gallons per sack of cement.
7.
Given water requirements of 500 gallons per cementing unit and 500 gallons for safety and error and assuming
that two cementing units dispatched to a location require 1,500 sacks of cement, the minimum amount of water
needed to safely complete the job would be ______
A. 9,250 gallons.
B. 9,750 gallons.
C. 10,250 gallons.
D. 10,000 gallons.
8.
The recirculating mixer is the most widely used cement mixer because ______
A. it employs a partial vacuum in the hopper, which is a desirable element for cement mixing.
B. cement and water are blended by a stream of air, and this produces a smoother slurry.
C. it was the first system widely used, and repair parts are easy to obtain.
D. it produces a smooth and homogeneous cement slurry due to the process of mixing the wet cement
with recirculated slurry.
10.
11.
Each of the following is considered a benefit derived by pumping water as a flushing agent ahead of the cement
except ______
A. it reduces cement contamination.
B. it can be put into turbulent flow at a low circulation rate.
C. it decreases cement setting time.
D. it is easy to obtain.
12.
In order to achieve the maximum amount of mud removal and also some reduction in the amount of filter cake,
operators should ______
A. obtain turbulent flow while pumping cement.
B. obtain laminar flow while pumping cement.
C. obtain plug flow while pumping cement.
D. add friction-reducing chemicals to the cement.
13.
14.
The bottom plug is ruptured by pump pressure, but the solid top plug is not.
A. True
B. False
15.
An improved cement job results if the operator pumps the slurry ______
A. at the lowest rate possible with no delays.
B. at the highest rate possible with intermittent delays.
C. at a moderate rate, changing frequently from the highest rate possible to the lowest rate possible with no
delays.
D. at the highest rate possible with no delays.
16.
Benefits derived from using a bottom plug in the cementing operation include ______
A. wiping mud film from inside casing.
B. reducing slurry contamination.
C. preventing entry of air into slurry.
D. all of the above
17.
18.
Page: 3.41
19.
Using the rule-of-thumb method to calculate the capacity of a 15,000-ft open hole, the diameter of which is 8 5/8
in., the amount of fluid needed to fill the hole is approximately ______
A. 1,350 barrels.
B. 1,000 barrels.
C. 1,500 barrels.
D. 1,215 barrels.
20.
Using the information in question 19, assume that 7-in. OD casing, J-55, 26 lb/ft, was run in the hole. Using the
rule-of-thumb method, the volume (cubic feet) of fluid required to fill the annular space is ______
A. 3,400 cu ft.
B. 2,688 cu ft.
C. 2,500 cu ft.
D. 2,000 cu ft.
E. none of the above
21.
To ensure effective cement bonds to casing strings, operators usually cement each casing string from the
bottom to the top.
A. True
B. False
22.
In determining the volume of an open hole with the diameter-squared method, a slightly larger figure for diameter
should be used to allow for ______
A. larger casing OD.
B. hole enlargement.
C. errors in calculation.
D. an extra amount of cement slurry as a safety factor.
23.
Using the rule-of-thumb method, determine the amount of fluid needed to cement a 9 7/8-inch hole with 7-inch
casing over a 5,000-foot interval.
A. 255 cu ft.
B. 1,428 cu ft.
C. 1,714 cu ft.
D. 14,280 cu ft.
24.
The casing string most often cemented from the shoe to the surface is the ______
A. intermediate string.
B. oil string.
C. surface string.
D. conductor pipe.
Section: Considerations after Cementing and Oilwell Cement and Cement Additives
25. Operators who bleed off some of the pressure on the casing following pump shutdown gain some desirable
results, including:
A. positive or negative feedback on holding condition of back-pressure valve in the string.
B. possibility of immediate nippling-up.
C. minimized risk of loosening cement bond after cement hardens.
D. all of the above
26.
Page: 3.42
Since regulations leave waiting on cement (WOC) time open when there is a float valve in the string, an operator
will probably start drilling out ______
A. immediately after a reasonable WOC time expires.
B. about 8 hours after WOC time starts.
C. about 12 hours after WOC time starts.
D. at his own discretion.
27.
28.
A problem concerning the height of cement in the annulus may best be solved, shortly after the slurry is
displaced, by conducting ______
A. bond logs.
B. radioactive tracers.
C. temperature surveys.
D. any of the above
29.
An operator desiring to lower the density of cement slurry may do so by adding all of the following except ______
A. perlite.
B. bentonite.
C. barite.
D. salt.
30.
A temperature survey may be used to determine the top of cement because ______
A. cement absorbs heat as it sets.
B. the empty spaces above the cement are of a higher temperature than the cement.
C. cement gives off heat as it sets.
D. none of the above
31.
The packer squeeze technique differs from the bradenhead technique in that ______
A. high-squeeze pressure may be achieved.
B. greater control over squeeze operation is available.
C. the zone to be treated is not isolated from the surface.
D. tubing and casing pressures are not tested for leaks.
34.
35.
It is generally not necessary to move the pipe (by either rotation or reciprocation) when setting a cement plug.
A. True
B. False
Page: 3.43
Transocean 2005
Issue Date: 01 January 2005