Gli sprechi ambientali ed economici

causati dalla pratica dell’incenerimento

The Environmental & Economic

Waste Caused by Incineration
Dr. Jeffrey Morris
Sound Resource Management
Olympia, Washington, USA
360-867-1033
Jeff.Morris@zerowaste.com
 Analisi sul ciclo di vita
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

Energia
Energy Energia
Energy Energia
Energy Energia
Energy Energia
Energy

F inal Disposition
Collocamento
Acquisizione Prodotti da
Raw Materials Materiali
Materials da Prodotti
Product da Product Use or finaleLandfill,
– in discarica,
materie lavorazione fabbricazione uso o Combustion,
combustione
Acquisition Manufacture Manufacture Consumption
prime consumo Recycle or
riciclaggio o riuso
Reuse

W astes & W astes & W astes & W astes &

Rifiuti ed
Pollution
Rifiuti ed
Pollution
Rifiuti ed
Pollution
Rifiuti
Pollution
ed
inquinamento inquinamento inquinamento inquinamento

Riuso
Reuse

Product Recycling

One or limited number of return cycles into product that is then disposed – open - loop recycling.
Repeated recycling into same or similar product, keeping materia l from disposal – closed -loop
recycling.
 Utilizzo di energia per prodotti da materia
riciclata e materia vergine (MJ/Kg)
Energy Use: Recycled & Virgin Content Products (MJ/kg)

300
28x
Recycled
Riciclata
250
Vergine
Virgin
200

150
4x 8x
100
2x 2x 8x 1.3x
50

0
io

PE
T

o
in

PE

io
i

tr
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al

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m

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Ve
H

on
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ic

ar

A
A

G
as

st

C
Pl

a
Pl
 Risparmio di energia: riciclaggio contro
incenerimento (MJ/Kg)
Energy Savings: Recycling versus Incineration (MJ/kg)

300

324x Recycling
250 Riciclaggio
Incenerimento
Incineration
200

150

100
4x 3x
50
3x 3x 25x 30x
0
PE
T

ro
e
PE
e

n
li

t
D
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tti

lie

tta
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La

tti
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io
tig

La

se
tig

G
ot

Va
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B

B
 Emissioni di CO2 per prodotti da materia
riciclata e materia vergine (Kg eCO2/Kg)
CO2 Emissions: Recycled &Virgin Content Products (kg eCO2/kg)

14
11x
Recycled
Riciclata
12
Vergine
Virgin
10

8
4x
6
3x
4
8x 7x 3x 2x
2

0
io

PE
T

io

o
in

PE

tr
ia
D

n
m

al

Ve
H

cc
to
a
llu

rn
tic

ar

A
ic

io
A

as

C
st

G
Pl

a
Pl
 Emissioni di CO2: riciclaggio contro
incenerimento (kg eCO2/kg)
CO2 Emissions: Recycling versus Incineration (kg eCO2/kg)

-2
8x 1.3x
-4
11x
-6

-8 Recycling
Riciclaggio
-10 Incenerimento
Incineration

-12
PE
T

o
PE

tr
ne
D
ne

ve
i
al
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to
lie

tta
tti

rn

tti
lie

ar
tig
La

La
io

se
C
tig
ot

Va
ot
B

B
 Emissioni di CO2: compostaggio contro
incenerimento (kg eCO2/kg)
CO2 Emissions: Composting versus Incineration (kg eCO2/kg)

0
10x 15x 3x
-2

-4

-6

-8 Composting
Compostaggio
Incenerimento
Incineration
-10

-12
di da

ri

a
en i
no
ar i

im z
ta

t
gi alc

ar
al van

C
Sf

A
 Emissioni tossiche per prodotti da materia
riciclata e materia vergine (Kg eToulene/Kg)
Toxics Emissions: Recycled & Virgin Products (kg eToluene/kg)

9
4x
8 Recycled
Riciclata
7 Vergine
Virgin

6
8x
5
4
2x 5x
3
5x
2
1.2x
1
2x
0
PE

o
T

tr
io

io
li
PE

Ve
in

na

ia
ne
H
m

cc
r
a

to
a

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llu

tic

tic

A
ar
G
A

as

as

C
Pl

Pl
 Emissioni tossiche: riciclaggio contro
incenerimento (kg eToluene/kg)
Toxics Emissions: Recycling vs. Incineration (kg eToluene/kg)

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5 Recycling
Riciclaggio

-6 Incineration
Incenerimento

-7
PE

o
T

tr
PE

ne

ve
i
ne

al
H

tta
to
lie

rn
tti

tti
lie

ar

La
io
tig
La

se
tig

C
G

Va
ot

ot
B

B
 Emissioni tossiche: compostaggio contro
incenerimento (kg eToluene/kg)
Toxics Emissions: Composting vs. Incineration (kg eToluene/kg)

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5 Composting
Compostaggio
Incineration
Incenerimento
-6

-7
di da

ri

a
en i
im z
ta

t
no
ar i

ar
al van
gi alc

C
Sf

A
 Emissioni EcoTossiche per prodotti da materia
riciclata e materia vergine (Kg e2,4-D/Kg)
EcoToxics Emissions: Recycled & Virgin Products (kg e2,4-D/kg)

0.05
17x
0.045 Recycled
Riciclata
0.04 Vergine
Virgin
0.035
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
2x 2x 1.1x
0.01
0.005
2x 1.4x 2x
0
io

io
PE
T

o
e
in

PE

ia

tr
on
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al
D
m

cc

Ve
H

rn

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ic

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A

tic
st

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a

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Pl

Pl
 Emissioni EcoTossiche: riciclaggio contro
incenerimento (kg e2,4-D/kg)
EcoToxics Emissions: Recycling vs. Incineration (kg e2,4-D/kg)

0.005
0
-0.005
-0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025
-0.03
Recycling
Riciclaggio
-0.035
Incineration
Incenerimento
-0.04
-0.045

o
PE
T

tr
ne
PE

ve
i
D
ne

al

tta
to
H
lie

rn
tti

tti
ar

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lie

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tig
La

se
C
tig

Va
ot

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B

B
 Emissioni EcoTossiche: compostaggio contro
incenerimento (kg e2,4-D/kg)
EcoToxics Emissions:Composting vs. Incineration (kg e2,4-D/kg)

0.005
0
-0.005
-0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025
-0.03
Composting
Compostaggio
-0.035
Incineration
Incenerimento
-0.04
-0.045
di da

ri

a
en i
im z
ta

t
no
ar i

ar
al van
gi alc

C
Sf

A
 Valore di mercato dei riclabili -
US Northwest (US$ per short ton)
Market Value of Recyclables – US Northwest (US$ per short ton)

$180.00

$160.00

$140.00

$120.00

$100.00

$80.00

$60.00
$88

$40.00
$64
$50
$20.00
$33

$0.00
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
 Valore della riduzione di inquinamento
grazie al riciclaggio e al compostaggio
Value of Pollution Reductions from Recycling & Composting

Discard Type Environmental Value (US$/metric ton)

Newspapers
Giornali $367
Cartone
Cardboard 467
Mixed Paper
Carta mista 172
Glass Containers
Contenitori di vetro 61
PET Plastics
Plastiche PET 712
HDPE Plastics
Plastiche HDPE 310
Altre
Otherplastiche
Plastics 310
Aluminum
Lattine Cans
in alluminio 1,607
Ferrous Cans
Contenitori & Scrap
di ferro e rottami 17
Food Scraps
Avanzi alimentari 62
Yard &
Sfalci daGarden
giardinoDebris
e ramaglie 61
Compostable
Carta Paper
compostabile 52
 Costi netti delle discariche e
dell’incenerimento
Net Societal Costs of Landfill and Incineration Disposal

Netherlands (Euros) Northwest US (US$)

Costs per Metric Ton Landfill Incineration Inc +/(-) Lnd Landfill Incineration Inc +/(-) Lnd

Gross private costs 40 103 63

Energy recovery
revenue (4) (21) (17)

Material recovery
revenue 0 (3) (3)
Net private costs 36 79 43 20 - 23 80 - 111 57 - 91

Gross Environmental
Costs 26 46 20

Energy recovery offset (4) (22) (18)

Material recovery offset 0 (6) (6)

Net Environmental Costs 22 18 (4) (6)

Net Societal Costs 58 97 39 51 - 85
 References


 Dijkgraaf, Elbert, and Herman R.J. Vollebergh, Burn or bury? A social cost
comparison of final waste disposal methods, Ecological Economics 50(2004)
233-247.
 Morawski, Clarissa, The New “Eco-Currency”: New model monetizes
environmental benefits and reveals new cost savings in waste diversion, Solid
Waste & Recycling, December/January 2008.
 Morris, Jeffrey, Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus either
landfilling or incineration with energy recovery, International Journal of Life
Cycle Assessment 10 4 (2005) 273-284.
 Morris, Jeffrey, and Jennifer Bagby, Measuring environmental value for natural
lawn and garden care practices, International Journal of Life Cycle
Assessment (forthcoming in 2008).
 Morris, Jeffrey, Recycling versus incineration: An energy conservation
analysis, Journal of Hazardous Materials 47 (1996) 277-293.
 Rand, T., J. Haukohl, U. Marxen, Municipal solid waste incineration: A decision
maker’s guide, The World Bank: Washington, DC (June 2000).
 Sound Resource Management, The economics of recycling and recycled
materials, The Clean Washington Center: Seattle, WA (June 1993).