URANUS35N

A 23.04 Duplex stainless steel with PREN 24

URANUS 35N (UR 35N) is a 23% Cr, 4% Nickel, Mo free duplex stainless steel
(23.04). The alloy UR 35N has similar corrosion resistance properties similar to
316L. Furthermore, its mechanical properties i.e. yield strength, are twice those of
304/316 austenitic grades. This allows the designer to save weight, particularly for
properly designed pressure vessel applications.

The alloy is particularly suitable for applications covering the -50C/+300C

(-58F/572F) temperature range. Lower temperatures may also be considered,
but need some restrictions, particularly for welded structures.
With its duplex microstructure, low nickel and high chromium contents, the alloy
has improved stress corrosion resistance properties compared to 304 and 316
austenitic grades.

STANDARDS

EURONORM.............................
AFNOR .....................................
DIN............................................
ASTM........................................

1.4362 - X2 Cr Ni 23.4
Z3 CN 23.04 Az
W. Nr 1.4362
A240 - UNS S32304

Typical values (Weight %)

CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS

MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES

Cr

.020

23

Ni

Mo

Others

4
0.2
0.1
PREN = [Cr %] + 3.3 [Mo %] + 16 [N %] 24

S = 0.001

Tensile Properties (minimum values)

C
20
100
200
300

Rp 0.2
MPa
400
330
280
230

Rp 1.0
MPa
440
365
310
260

Rm
MPa
600
570
530
490

F
68
212
392
572

YS 0.2%
KSI
58
48
41
33

YS 1.0%
KSI
64
53
45
38

UTS
KSI
87
83
77
71

Elongation
%
25
25
20
20

Values obtained for hot rolled plates (th 50 mm). UR 35N grade must not be
used for a long time at temperatures higher than 300C (572F), where
precipitation hardening phenomenon occurs.

03.10.2000 - Uranus 35N - Page 1

Toughness values (KCV minimum values )

Temp.
Single
Average(5)

-50C
75 J/cm
90 J/cm

+20C
90 J/cm
150 J/cm

-60F
54 ft.lbs
65 ft.lbs

+70F
65 ft.lbs
87 ft.lbs

Hardness (Typical values)

Average (5)

HV10 180-230

HRC 20

HB : 180-230

Copper additions may be considered as UR 35N Cu may be hardenned by heat

treatment to improve abrasion-corrosion resistance properties.

PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

Density : 7,800 kg/m3 - 0.28 lb/in3

Interval
Temper

Thermal
expansion

ax10 K

20-100
20-200
20-300

13
13.5
14

-6

Resistivity

-1

20
100
200
300

( cm)
80
92
100
105

Thermal
conductivity
-1

-1

(W.m .K )
17
18
19
20

Specific
heat
-1
1
(J.kg .K- )
450
500
530
560

Young
modulus
E
(GPa)
200
190
180
170

Shear
modulus
G
(GPa)
75
73
70
67

The chemical analysis of UR 35N is optimised to obtain a typical 50 / 50

microstructure after solution annealing treatment at 950/1050C (1742/1922F).
The microstructure of UR 35N duplex is very stable compared to molybdenum
containing duplex stainless steels. Intermetallic phases (, ) are present only after
10 hours holding time in the 750/850C (1382/1562F) temperature range.
Copper additions to UR 35N grade, when specified, increase the hardness of the
steel after heat treatment in the 350/500C (662/932F) temperature range.

CORROSION
RESISTANCE

100
75

Boiling curve

210

mm/year
2

165

UR 35N

50

304

1,5
316L

25 AISI 304L

120

75

0,5

316L

UR 35N

FORM IC ACID
BOILING TEM PERATURE

ACETIC ACID 100%

BOILING TEM PER.

ACETIC 50%
+ FORM IC 50%ACIDS
BOILING TEM PER.

0
0

10

20

30
%H2 SO4

Corrosion resistance to stagnant sulfuric

acid (0,3 mm/year)

Corrosion resistance in different organic acids

General corrosion
Because of its high chromium content (23%) the corrosion resistance properties of
UR 35N are almost equivalent to those of 316L.

Localised corrosion resistance

The 23% chromium and 0.1N% additions explain why UR 35N duplex stainless
steel behaves much better than 316L grade when considering pitting and crevice
corrosion resistance.

03.10.2000 - Uranus 35N - Page 2

mV/SCE
Pitting potential versus temperature
obtained by polarisation curves

1000

UR 35N

750
500

C Critical pitting tem perature

30
in a 6%FeCl3 solution
25

F
68
68

CPT G48A

20
15

NaCl 30 g/l

316L

50

10
5

250

304L

0
304L
25
75

75
165

50
120

C
F

316L

Ask Us
Guaranteed

UR 35N
S32304

Stress corrosion resistance

C
Cracks

150

UR 35N

F
300

No cracks

100

210

304L/316L

50

cracks

120
no cracks

10

102

104
ppm ClStress corrosion resistance
of 304L / 316L and UR 35N grades
1

Stress corrosion resistance test results

in chloride containing aqueous solutions
(8ppm 02) PH =7, >1000 h, applied
stresses higher than the yield strength)
show that UR 35N grade outperforms
304L and 316L grades, due to its high
chromium additions and low nickel
contents.

103

This is a typical feature of duplex

stainless steels. UR 45N performs still
better than UR 35N in similar conditions.

Other corrosion resistance properties

UR 35N duplex stainless steel successfully passes most of the standard IC test
procedures such as ASTM A262E and C tests. Its corrosion rate in boiling nitric
acid (65%) is higher than that of 316L grade. Due to its high yield strength, the
alloy performs well in abrasion/corrosion applications.

PROCESSING

Hot forming
Hot forming must be carried on in the 1150/900C (2100/1650F) temperature
range.
After forming, a new solution annealing treatment is recommended in the
950/1050C (2100/1650F) temperature range to fully restore corrosion resistance
properties and mechanical properties. Parts of UR 35N must be supported
carefully during heating to avoid creep deformation.
Cold forming
UR 35N may be cold formed without any problem. The same equipments as those
used for the cold forming of 304 and 316 grades can be used. Due to its higher
mechanical properties, including the yield strength, higher stresses are required for
cold forming. A final solution annealing heat treatment is also recommended after
cold forming in order to restore the mechanical and corrosion resistance
properties, as decribed in hot forming.
Descaling
Use the same solutions and pastes as for 304/316L grades. The pickling time will
be higher than for austenitic grades due to the corrosion resistance properties of
the alloy.

03.10.2000 - Uranus 35N - Page 3

MACHINABILITY

(m)
10

UR 35N

MACH 18.10.2
316

1
304
316

0.1
0.01
10

20

30 m/min

UR35N
duplex
exhibits
improved
machinability properties particularly when
considering drilling. Its behaviour is
equivalent to that of MACH 18.10.2(*)
(316L grade with small sulphur additions
and special melting process to control the
shape and composition of inclusions).
Furthermore UR 35N has better corrosion
resistance and cleanliness properties as
no sulphur additions are necessary.
Localised corrosion resistance behavour
is improved.
(*)

Total length (drilling) versus drilling speed

WELDING

CLI - MACH 18.10.2 is a 316L type grade with

improved machinability properties

UR 35N can be successfully welded by the following processes :

TIG, manual and automatic
PLASMA, MIG, SMAW, SAW, FCAW...
The duplex microstructure renders the alloy less sensitive to hot cracking.
The welding parameters must be optimized to obtain a controlled ferrite level (2070%). Typical recommended heat inputs are 10-25 KJ/cm with a 150C (302F)
max interpass temperature. These conditions must be optimized taking into
account the thickness of the products and welding equipments (Consult if
necessary). We do not recommend pre or post-welding heat treatments. Only
complete solution annealing heat treatment may be considered (please, contact
us).

APPLICATIONS

SIZE RANGE

Generally where 304 and 316L are used

Pulp and paper industry (chip storage tank, white and black liquor tanks...)
Caustic solutions, organic acids (SCC resistance)
Food industry
Safety panels (high mechanical properties)
Pressure vessels (weight savings...)
Mining (abrasion/corrosion).
Hot rolled plates
Cold rolled plates
Clad plates
5 to 150 mm
2 to 14 mm
6 to 150 mm
Thickness
3/16" to 6"
5/64" to 5/8"
1/4" to 6"
Up to 3300 mm
Up to 2300 mm
Up to 3300 mm
Width
Up to 130"
Up to 90.5"
Up to 130"
Up to 12000 mm
Up to 8250 mm
Up to 14000 mm
Length
Up to 472"
Up to 325"
Up to 551"
Other sizes are available on request, including 4100mm (161,4") width plates
NOTE
This technical data and information represents our best knowledge at the time of printing. However, it
may be subject to some slight variations due to our ongoing research programme on corrosion resistant
grades. We therefore suggest that information be verified at time of enquiry or order.
Furthermore, in service, real conditions are specific for each application. The data presented here is
only for the purpose of description, and may only be considered as guarantees when our company has
given written formal approval.Further information may be obtained from the following address.

For all information :

INDUSTEEL Creusot
56 Rue Clemenceau BP19
71201 LE CREUSOT CEDEX - FRANCE
Sales
Tel +33 3 85 80 55 31
Fax +33 3 85 80 51 77

INDUSTEEL Belgium
266, rue du Chatelet
B- 6030 MARCHIENNE AU PONT
Tel
+32 71 44 13 42
Fax
+32 71 44 19 56

03.10.2000 - Uranus 35N - Page 4