J.

V
DEVIANCE
Deviance- is the recognized violation
of cultural norms
3 general types of body
1. Ectomorph- tall, thin and fragile

Retrospective labeling- a person may

be a subject to a respective labelling.
The interpretation of someones past.
GROUPS and Organization

3. Mesomorph-muscular and athletic

Social Groups- is defined as two or

more people who identify with one
another and have a distinct pattern of
interaction.

Robert Merton- begins w/ the

observation that financial success is a
widespread goal and that society
endorse certain certain mean to that
end.

Group, aggregates and categories- the

term aggregates refers to people who
are in the same place at the same
time but interact little, if at all have no
sense of belonging together.

2. Endomorphs- short and fat

*Mertons type of activity*

1. Innovation- attempting to achieve
approved goals using unconventional
means.
2. Ritualism- common among people
of modest social standards who have
little opportunity to gain more in life.
3. Retreatism- the rejection of both the
goals and the norms of one culture.
4. Rebellion- are advocating radical
alternative to the existing social order.
Sociological Explanation- the symbolic
paradigm directs our attention to how
people in various situations generates
social reality through in their
interaction.
Labelling theory- the assertion the
deviance and conformity result from
the response.
Primary and Secondary Deviancedeviant can change a persons
subsequent behavior. It is also initially
defined as deviant primary deviance.
Stigma- the development of secondary
deviance marks.

Primary Group- is typically a small

group in which relatively are both
personal and enduring.
Secondary Group- is large and
impersonal usually based on a specific
interest or activity.
Reference Group- a social group that
serves as a point of reference for
people making evaluation and
decisions.
In group and out group- an in group is
an esteemed social group toward w/c
is a scorned
Networks- refers to a web of social ties
that links people, often with little
common identity and social
interactions.
Formal organization- are large,
secondary groups that are formally
organized to facilitate achieving their
goals.
Bureaucratic origins is an
organizational model rational designed
to perform complex tasks efficiently.
Max weber identified six key
elements of the ideal bureaucratic
org.

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*specialization
competence
*hierarchy of offices
bureaucratic

*technical
* In-

*rules and regulation

Social Status- is the standing of a

person within a social class.
*Kinds of social status*
*Ascribed status- the role is assumed
through heredity.
*Achieved status- the role is assumed
through merit of effort.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

Roles- are the expected or actual

behavior patterns that correspond with
status.

Social Stratification- is the hierarchical

arrangement and establishment of
social groups of social categories.
Institutionalized inequalitydifferentiation of statuses and social
roles into ranked order.
THE BASIC COMPONENT OF
SOCIAL STRAT
Social Class- refers to a category of
persons who have more or less the
same socio economic privileges in a
society.
~Types of Social Class~
Upper class- is the elite families found
mostly is agriculture, industry,
business or government sectors.
Nouveaux = new rich
Traditional upper class- (born with the
golden spoon) descendants of elite
members.
Middle Class- made up of small
businesses and industry owners,
professional, employees and some
farm owners.
Lower class- is the largest in number
and live on subsistence level
(farmhand, indigenous)

THE TYPES OF SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION
*Caste System (closed class) is
based mainly on inherited inequality
where status is ascribed from birth.
*Open class- system provides equal
opportunity where social advancement
is based largely on oness skills talents
and efforts.
*Class consciousness- is being aware
of ones social position in society.
Different from that of another.
*Social Distance- means reserve or
restraint in the social relationships of
members of society.
*Class Conflict- the struggle for equal
distribution of wealth, power and
prestige between social classes.
*Social Mobility- the movement of
persons or groups in the social
stratification system.
Vertical social mobility- movement of
people or groups from one position to
another up or down the social Strat.

J.V
Horizontal social mobility- movement
of people or groups from one social
position to another w/ rules of varying
importance within the same social
class.