International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org

Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015

ISSN 2319 - 4847

TRUST COMPUTATION TECHNIQUES IN VANETS

DEEPIKA SARASWAT1, CHANDRA PRAKASH BHARGAVA2
1

DEEPIKA SARASWAT, ITM GOI, GWALIOR

CHANDRA PRAKASH BHARGAVA , ITM GOI,GWALIOR

ABSTRACT
In this work, we present a analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for computing trust in the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).
AHP based trust management provides a lightweight security alternative to existing security techniques. Trust Management in
VANETs is required to broadcast of selfish or malicious messages and also enable other vehicles to filter out such messages. A
trust management system has ability to cope with sparsity of direct interactions. To evaluate the trust, we introduce the AHP
based technique constitutes the combination of direct, reputation and indirect trust technique. The AHP is also used to coalesce
various recommendation opinions from neighbour vehicles through exchanges of messages. Result shows that the scheme is
lightweight and completes in order of milliseconds.

Keywords- Trust management; VANET; AHP; ranking;

1. INTRODUCTION
VANETs are a network of vehicles moving on the road. It is supposed to provide vehicles with reliable and efficient
data transmissions for various applications, especially for the broadcast-based safety message [1]. Dedicated short range
communication (DSRC) radio technology, being standardized as IEEE 802.11p [2], is recommended to support lowlatency wireless data communications between vehicles and from vehicles to road side infrastructure . The DSRC
recommends a transmission range between 250-300 m and 1000 m for vehicles and respectively, signal bandwidth of
10 MHz and data rate from 3-27 Mbps. In VANETs, vehicles exchange critical information; a malicious vehicle may
inject false messages with different identities. Authenticated vehicles may also play a role of malicious vehicle or
broadcast false messages. So, there is an urgent need of effective trust management for VANETs, given the dire
consequences of acting on false information sent out by the malicious vehicles. The trust management system should be
quickly compute the trust, simple (not complex), accurate, scalable and resilient to threats. VANETs have some unique
characteristics which differentiate them from other ad hoc networks such as high mobility, decentralized system,
predictable topology and high density network.
Based on the unique challenges in VANETs, some desired prosperities for trust management in VANETs are
decentralized trust establishment, coping with data sparsity, event and location time specific, robustness, scalable,
integrated confidence measure, system level security, and sensitive to privacy concerns [3]. In general, trust is based on
the analysis of several messages reporting on the same event [4] or trust is a process by which relationships develop [5].
Existing literature having very few trust models in VANETs. In [6], trust models are categorized into three types,
entity-oriented, data-oriented and combined trust model. Group formation of trusted vehicles based approach is
presented in [7]. Some other trust management frameworks are as follows. Trust based security system, TOMS (trust
computation and management system), used to establish a set of effective rules to make reliable analysis of certain
suspicious nodes [8]. It assigns credentials to nodes, updating private keys, managing the trust value of each node, and
making appropriate decisions about nodes access rights. In [9], trust including situational trust depends on situation
only and dispositional trust based on a peers own beliefs. However, formalization of the architecture about how to
combine the different types of trust together is an issue of this scheme. In [10], multi faced trust management model is
discussed. The sociological trust model is proposed based on the principle of trust and confidence tagging. We have
proposed AHP based trust computation technique in VANETs. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows.
Section II contains a problem definition. In Section III we present the proposed AHP based trust computation approach
in VANETs. Section IV simulation and results is presented. In Section V concludes the work.

2. PROBLEM DEFINITION
The trust establishment process in VANETs must take into consideration the direct messages, forwarded messages from
vehicles, aggregated recommendation of other vehicles about a vehicle and messages and the nature of messages. In
VANETs, authenticated or good vehicle may play the role of malicious vehicle or may broadcast wrong messages. This
requires a method that can take all the parameters into consideration. It is very necessary to take recommending
vehicles' opinion into account. In addition, adopting recommending vehicles' opinion, evaluated vehicle should take
account of its role. To address this need, trust computation of vehicles in VANETs is required.

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015

ISSN 2319 - 4847

3. PROPOSED METHOD
Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a multicriteria decision technique that uses hierarchical approach to evaluate the
trust value of vehicles to prevent false dire consequences messages in VANETs. The proposed AHP based technique
has three steps. Reputation Based trust computation is the first step. Direct ranking trust computation is second step
and in the third step is based upon indirect ranking. All three steps constitute a trust value of vehicle using AHP
method. Reputation based trust computation: In this step, trust value depends upon previous records of vehicle. If
vehicle is not listed in revocation value then trust value is 1 otherwise 0. Reputation based trust value is denoted by
Trep . If some vehicles are police cars and traffic controllers, school vans, Post office vans the reputation will also 1.
Direct Rank Computation: In the second step, direct ranking trust computation method is computed by Perron
Frobenius theorem [11] based on message strength [12], each participant vehicle can compute trust value based on the
messages received from other vehicles. The computed trust value depends on both the outcome of the message veracity
and strength of messages. A vector of ranking value, with positive message strength indicating the strength of the
participant vehicles transmitted message, then we define a trust computation for participant vehicle as

Where is some nonnegative number depending on the outcome of the message transaction between participant vehicle
and the participant vehicle , is the total number of vehicles participated in transactions among themselves, and
is
the number of the message communicated by participant vehicles . If message is communicated just after authenticated
by any mechanism in VANET, the value of should be more, after that it should be decreased after a period of time.
Another method is to distribute the one value per transaction between vehicles in a continuous, rather than discrete
way. One way to assign a value is to distribute the point on the basis of the message strength. If vehicle receives
points (weighted sum of correct messages) and points (weighted sum of incorrect messages, (weights being different
for correct and incorrect message of same priority)) during a communication session. Then,

The direct ranking trust computation is also based on message strength.

Indirect Rank Computation: In the last step, the indirect rank computation is based on evaluation the number of
authentication certificate exchange at the certain time of vehicles within communication range [13], [14]. If three
messages are right out of five messages then source vehicle will increase 1 rank of trust value otherwise indirect rank
will decrease 1 rank.
In the AHP based trust value of the vehicle is
.

From the above illustration, it can be observed that the AHP based trust computation can be used to associate trust
values with vehicles. The mechanism is able to consider different types of information for computation of the trust
values.

4. SIMULATION AND RESULTS

In this section, the proposed AHP based trust computation technique for VANET has been evaluated through
simulation of real traffic scenarios [15]. A road with multiple unidirectional lanes is considered. Packet length is
considered 153 bytes for vehicle to vehicle communication. Packet format is depicted by Figure1

Figure 1.

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Packet structure from vehicle to vehicle communication.

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015

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The system acts like a queue with increased queuing delay at the vehicle.

The computational delay of proposed technique is in order of milliseconds, so proposed technique is based on message
exchange delay between vehicles to vehicle communication. The communication delay between vehicle is shown by
Figure 2 at the variation of speed of vehicles 10-30 ms-1 and acceleration / deceleration = 3 ms-2 with 300 meter
communication range. In this AHP based proposed scheme, computational delay of the vehicle is very less in order of
milliseconds, so it is directional proportional to communication delay. Trust computation using AHP based technique is
discussed below.

If vehicle is public vehicle or not listed in revocation list the trust value of reputation based scheme is 1 In the direct
ranking, If vehicle sent safety critical message having strength 5. So, Trust value is 0.875 [12]. Indirect ranking based
scheme, if vehicle receives the messages from vehicles within in communication range and receives reputation is 1.
If out of 10 vehicles seven vehicle send the same message and if it is right then trust value is increased by 1 value .
So, total trust value of AHP method is 3.875. This proposed scheme is lightweight and simple hierarchical process, so,
it proves viable and suitable scheme in VANETs.

5. CONCLUSION
The present study dealt with the challenge of trust management using AHP based trust computation in VANETs. The
scheme is achieved successful trust evaluation system in which multiple techniques for trust computation like the direct
interactions, reputation of vehicles based on previous records, availability of forwarded messages, indirect trust
computation is used. In future work, we aim to perform experiments to evaluate its performance in real world scenarios.

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