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y = 3 ( x 1)
y = 2x +2
y = 3x 3
(1,4)
y = 3 x 3
(2, 3)
y = 3 x + 7
8
y = 3 x + 7
4 = 2 (1) + 2
4 = 3(1) + 7
4 = 2+2
4 = 3 + 7
4 = 4 true
4 = 4 true
3.
8
y = 2 x + 7
(6, 6)
y = 3 ( x 1)
y = 2 x + 7
3 = 3 (1)
3 = 4 + 7
3 = 2 ( 2 ) + 7
3 = 3 ( 2 1)
y
8
1
y = x +8
3
8
8
8
3 = 3 true
3 = 3 true
1
y = x +3
2
2 y = 4 x + 6
y = 2 + 3
1
y = x+8
3
1
6 = ( 6 ) + 8
3
6 = 2 + 8
y = 3 x 7
2
4
(2, 1)
6 = 6 true
y = 2 x + 3
y = 2x + 2
y = 3 x + 7
2x + y = 3
4 ( 2 ) + 2 ( 1) = 6
2 ( 2 ) + ( 1) = 3
82 = 6
4 1 = 3
6 = 6 true
51
3 = 3 true
Homework 3.1
y = 3x 3 + 8
5 y = 2 x + 25
y = 3x + 5
15.
2
y = x+5
5
y
y = 3 x +5
(0, 5)
4
2
y = x +5
5
2 y = 4 x + 2
y = 2x 1
The equations are identical.
5 = 3 ( 1) + 8
15 = 15 true
5 = 5 true
y = 2x 1 .
19. Write 0.2 y x = 3 in slope-intercept form.
0.2 y x = 3
0.2 y = x + 3
2 y = x + 8
1
y = x+4
2
y = 5 x + 15
y
4
(4, 2)
4
y = x 2
1
1
x+ y = 2
4
2
1
1
(4 ) + (2 ) = 2
4
2
1+1 = 2
2 = 2 true
52
Homework 3.1
25. a.
1
y = x+3
2
W (t ) = 0.14t + 4.52
Men:
In 2002, t = 32 .
W (32 ) = 0.19 (32 ) + 43.73
M (t ) = 0.083t + 4.60
= 37.65
M (32 ) = 0.16 (32 ) + 39.90
b.
= 34.78
The womens time is 37.65 seconds and the
mens time is 34.78 seconds. The error for
the womens time estimate is 0.275 seconds
and the error for the mens time estimate is
0.165 seconds.
b.
c.
c.
In 2009, t = 39.
W (39 ) = 0.14 (39 ) + 4.52
= 9.98
M (39 ) = 0.083 (39 ) + 4.60
= 7.837
The total enrollment will be roughly
9.98 + 7.837 = 17.817 million students.
27. a.
d.
f (t ) = 2.45t + 72.82
53
Homework 3.1
37.
Optical Scan:
f ( x ) = g ( x ) when x = 1 .
1
y = x +2
2
f (t ) = 3.08t + 12.58
y = 2 x 3
4
(2, 1)
b.
4
4
b.
c.
3
x
2
1
y = (3 x + 2 ) 1
2
y
3
x
2
x
4
4
y = 3x 1
y
f ( x ) = 3 when x = 5 .
y=
35.
y=
f ( 4 ) = 0
= 43.38
In 2000, the percentage of voters using
punch cards or lever machines was 48.32%
and the percentage using optical scans or
other electronic devices was 43.38%.
33.
= 48.32
g (10 ) = 3.08 (10 ) + 12.58
c.
y = x +1
y = 3 x 1
y = x +3
(2, 5)
x
y = 2 x + 9
Homework 3.2
5. Substitute 2 ( x 5 ) for y in 3 x 5 y = 29 .
3 x 5 ( 2 ( x 5 )) = 29
3 x 5 ( 2 x 10 ) = 29
3 x 10 x + 50 = 29
y = 2 x 5
y
7 x = 21
y = x +7
x=3
Let y = 3 in y = 2 ( x 5 ) .
(4, 3)
4
y = 2 (3 5 )
y = 2 x 5
= 2 ( 2 )
= 4
The solution is (3, 4 ) .
3
y = x
4
7. Substitute 4 y 8 for x in 3 x 2 y = 18 .
3 ( 4 y 8 ) 2 y = 18
12 y 24 2 y = 18
14 y = 42
y = 3
Let y = 3 in x = 4 y 8 .
Homework 3.2
1. Substitute x 5 for y in x + y = 9 .
x = 4 ( 3 ) 8
x + ( x 5) = 9
= 12 8
2x 5 = 9
=4
The solution is ( 4, 3) .
2 x = 14
x=7
Let x = 7 in y = x 5 .
y = 75
=2
The solution is (7, 2 ) .
x = 0
x=0
Let x = 0 in y = 99 x .
3. Substitute 4 y + 7 for x in 2 x 3 y = 1 .
y = 99 (0 )
2 ( 4 y + 7 ) 3 y = 1
=0
The solution is (0, 0 ) .
8 y + 14 3 y = 1
5 y + 14 = 1
5 y = 15
2 (0.2 x + 0.6 ) 3 x = 4
y = 3
Let y = 3 in x = 4 y + 7 .
0.4 x + 1.2 3 x = 4
x = 4 ( 3 ) + 7
2.6 x = 5.2
x=2
Let x = 2 in y = 0.2 x + 0.6 .
= 12 + 7
= 5
The solution is ( 5, 3) .
y = 0.2 ( 2 ) + 0.6
= 0.4 + 0.6
=1
The solution is ( 2,1) .
55
Homework 3.2
1
x 5 for y in 2 x + 3 y = 1 .
2
1
2 x + 3 x 5 = 1
2
3
2 x + x 15 = 1
2
7
x = 14
2
x=4
1
Let x = 4 in y = x 5 .
2
1
y = (4 ) 5
2
= 25
13. Substitute
x + 4y = 8
Multiply the second equation by 3 and add the
equations.
3x + 5 y = 3
3 x 12 y = 24
7 y = 21
y=3
Substitute y = 3 into x = 8 4 y and solve for x.
x = 8 4 (3)
= 8 12
= 3
The solution is ( 4, 3) .
= 4
The solution is ( 4,3) .
3 x y = 5
24 x + 30 y = 42
x=4
Substitute x = 4 into 4 x + y = 9 and solve for y.
57 y = 171
y=3
Substitute y = 3 into 8 x 9 y = 43 and solve
for x.
8 x 9 (3 ) = 43
4 (4 ) + y = 9
16 + y = 9
y = 7
The solution is ( 4, 7 ) .
8 x 27 = 43
8 x = 6
x = 2
The solution is ( 2,3) .
6 x 5 y = 4
9 y = 18
y = 2
Substitute y = 2 into 3 x 2 y = 7 and solve
for x.
3 x 2 ( 2 ) = 7
3x + 4 = 7
3x = 3
x =1
The solution is (1, 2 ) .
Homework 3.2
6 x 3 + 4 y 12 = 1
6 x + 4 y = 16
4 ( x + 5 ) 2 ( 4 y + 1) = 18
4 x + 20 8 y 2 = 18
4x 8 y = 0
The system can be rewritten as
6 x + 4 y = 16
7
21
y=
2
2
y=3
Substitute y = 3 into
2
1
1
x + y = and solve
3
2
6
for x.
2
1
1
x + (3) =
3
2
6
2
3 1
x+ =
3
2 6
2
4
x=
3
3
x = 2
The solution is ( 2,3) .
4x 8 y = 0
Multiply the first equation by 2 and add the
equations.
12 x + 8 y = 32
4x 8 y = 0
16 x = 32
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into 4 x 8 y = 0 and solve
for y.
4 (2 ) 8 y = 0
8 8y = 0
8 y = 8
6 x 6 x 15 = 3
y =1
15 = 3 false
This is a contradiction. The system is
inconsistent. The lines are parallel so the solution
set is the empty set, .
57
Homework 3.2
43. Substitute
1
x + 3 for y in 2 y x = 6 .
2
2 x + 3 x = 6
2
x+6x = 6
12 x + 15 y = 9
0 = 0 true
This is an identity. The system is dependent. The
solution set is the set of ordered pairs ( x, y )
6 = 6 true
This is an identity. The system is dependent. The
solution set is the set of ordered pairs ( x, y ) such
such that 4 x 5 y = 3 .
37. Substitute 2.3 x 7 for y in y = 0.6 x + 4 .
2.3 x 7 = 0.6 x + 4
that y =
2.9 x = 11
1
x +3.
2
x 3.79
Substitute x = 3.79 into y = 2.3 x 7 and solve
for y.
y = 2.3 (3.79 ) 7
1.72
The solution is roughly (3.79,1.72 ) .
y=2
Substitute y = 2 into
5
1
x + y = 3 and solve
6
4
for x.
5
1
x + (2 ) = 3
6
4
5
1
x+ =3
6
2
5
5
x=
6
2
x=3
The solution is (3, 2 ) .
24 x 60 y = 12
33 y = 33
y =1
Substitute y = 1 into 6 x 15 y = 3 and solve
for x.
6 x 15 (1) = 3
6 x 15 = 3
6 x = 12
x=2
The solution is ( 2,1) .
47. Elimination:
Rewrite the second equation so the variables are
on the left side of the equation.
3 x + y = 11
2x + y = 9
Multiply the second equation by 1 and add the
equations.
3 x + y = 11
8 x + 6 y = 5
0 = 3 false
This is a contradiction. The system is
inconsistent so the solution set is the empty set.
2 x y = 9
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into y = 2 x + 9 and solve
for y.
y = 2 ( 2 ) + 9
=5
The solution is ( 2,5 ) .
58
Homework 3.2
Substitution:
Substitute 2 x + 9 for y in the first equation.
3 x + ( 2 x + 9 ) = 11
10 x = 47
3 x 2 x + 9 = 11
x = 4.7
Substitute x = 4.7 into y = 4 x + 3 and solve
for y.
y = 4 ( 4.7 ) + 3
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into y = 2 x + 9 and solve
for y.
y = 2 ( 2 ) + 9
= 18.8 + 3
= 4 + 9
= 21.8
The solution is ( 4.7, 21.8 ) .
=5
The solution is ( 2,5 ) .
Graphing:
y
y = 3 x +11
(2, 5)
4
y = 2 x + 9
l 2 : 3 y + x = 30
Substitute 2 x + 3 for y in the second equation.
3 ( 2 x + 3) + x = 30
6 x + 9 + x = 30
7 x = 21
x=3
Substitute x = 3 into the first equation and solve
for y.
y = 2 (3 ) + 3
= 6+3
=9
The solution is (3,9 ) so the coordinate of C is
0.01x = 2
x = 200
Substitute x = 200 into y = 2 x + 3 and solve
for y.
y = 2 ( 200 ) + 3
= 403
The solution is ( 200, 403) .
l 3 : y + 3x = 26
Multiply the second equation by 3 and add the
equations.
3 y + x = 30
3 y 9 x = 78
8 x = 48
x=6
Substitute x = 6 into 3 y + x = 30 and solve
for y.
Homework 3.2
3 y + (6 ) = 30
ax + c
dx + e
= f
b
aex ce
dx
+ = f
b
b
bdx aex + ce = bf
3 y = 24
y =8
The solution is (6,8) so the coordinate of D is
(bd ae ) x + ce = bf
(bd ae ) x = bf
bf ce
ce bf
or
bd ae
ae bd
Substitute this result for x in ax + by = c and
solve for y.
ce bf
a
+ by = c
ae bd
ace abf
+ by = c
ae bd
ace abf
by = c
ae bd
ace bcd ace abf
by =
ae bd
ae bd
bcd + abf
by =
ae bd
abf bcd
by =
ae bd
af cd
y=
ae bd
Therefore, the solution is
ce bf af cd
,
, assuming ae bd 0 .
ae bd ae bd
x=
l 4 : y = 2 x 10
Substitute 2 x 10 in for y in y + 3 x = 26 .
2 x 10 + 3 x = 26
5 x = 36
x = 7.2
Substitute x = 7.2 into y = 2 x 10 and solve
for x.
y = 2 ( 7.2 ) 10
= 4.4
The solution is (7.2, 4.4 ) so the coordinate of E
is (7.2, 4.4 ) . The coordinate of F is the x-
C (3 , 9 )
D (6 , 8 )
b.
E (7 .2, 4 .4 )
B (0 , 3 )
F (5 , 0 )
A (0 , 0 )
55. a.
ce
3 (4 ) 2 (4 )
3 ( 3) 5 ( 4 )
4
4
=
11
11
14 4
The solution is , .
11 11
57. Written response. Answers may vary.
by = ax + c
ax + c
b
Substitute this result for y in the second
equation and solve for x.
y=
60
Homework 3.3
Homework 3.3
1. Solve the system
y = 0.19t + 43.73
y = 0.16t + 39.90
Substitute 0.19t + 43.73 for y in the second
equation and solve for t.
0.19t + 43.73 = 0.16t + 39.90
18.5t = 136
t 7.35
Substitute this result into the first equation
and solve for y.
y = 13.5 (7.35 ) + 229
0.03t = 3.83
t 127.67
Substitute this result into the first equation and
solve for y.
y = 0.19 (127.67 ) + 43.73
328.23
According to the models, the two
newspapers had equal circulations of
roughly 328 thousand in 1997.
19.47
According to the models, the winning times for
women and men will both be 19.47 seconds in
the year 2098.
b.
c.
= 135 + 229
= 364
R (10 ) = 5 (10 ) + 365
0.057t = 0.08
= 50 + 365
t 1.40
Substitute this result into the first equation and
solve for E.
E = 0.14 (1.4 ) + 4.52 4.71
According to the models, the enrollments for
men and women were approximately equal in
1971 (roughly 4.71 million).
= 315
p = 3.08t + 12.58
Substitute 2.45t + 72.82 for p in the second
equation and solve for t.
2.45t + 72.82 = 3.08t + 12.58
= 310
377.5 + 310 = 687.5
According to the models, the combined
circulation from the two newspapers was
roughly 688 thousand copies in 2001.
5.53t = 60.24
t 10.89
Substitute this result into the first equation and
solve for p.
p = 2.45 (10.89 ) + 72.82 46.14
According to the models, the percentage of
voters using optical scan or other electronic
devices equaled the percentage of voters using
punch cards or lever machines in 2001. This was
not a national election year. The percentages
were closest in 2000.
e.
61
Homework 3.3
9. a.
Women:
Women:
W (t ) = 1.01t + 323.57
Men:
W (t ) = 1.22t + 338.47
M (t ) = 0.36t + 240.73
Men:
M (t ) = 0.36t + 240.44
b.
194.85
Now the models predict that the record
times for men and women will be the same
in 2027.
d.
11. a.
62
Homework 3.3
c.
15. a.
V = 1024t + 9330
Substitute 1582t + 12,939 in for V in the
second equation and solve for t.
1582t + 12,939 = 1024t + 9330
558t = 3609
t 6.468
Substitute this result into the first equation
and solve for V.
V = 1582 (6.468 ) + 12,939
c.
2707
The cars will both be worth roughly $2707
in 2008.
J (t ) = 72t + 19 .
b.
y = 77t
Substitute 72t + 19 for y into the second
equation.
72t + 19 = 77t
5t = 19
t = 3.8
Substitute this result into the first equation
and solve for y.
y = 72 (3.8 ) + 19
B (t ) = 440t + 8500
b.
= 292.6
The total cost at both Jenny Craig and
Weight Watchers is approximately $293 in 4
weeks.
y = 440t + 8500
Substitute 670t + 6100 for y in the second
equation and solve for t.
670t + 6100 = 440t + 8500
230t = 2400
t 10.435
Substitute this result in the first equation and
solve for y.
y = 670 (10.435 ) + 6100
= 13091.45
The tuition at both colleges will be $13,091
in approximately 10 years (in 2010).
63
Homework 3.4
y = S (t ) = 3600t + 10000
2800t = 11400
t 4.07
The family will be able to pay a 10% down
payment in 4 years (2004).
Homework 3.4
1.
3.
Words
Inequality
Notation
x>3
x4
x<5
x 1
( ,5)
5
1
7.
( , 4]
x + 2 2 5 2
[1, )
2 x + 7 < 11
2 x + 7 7 < 11 7
x3
Interval: [3, )
5.
(3, )
x+25
Interval
Notation
Graph
2x < 4
2x 4
<
2 2
x<2
Interval: ( , 2 )
x + 2 5
x + 2 2 5 2
x 3
x 3
1 1
x 3
Interval: ( , 3]
3
64
Homework 3.4
9.
17.
9x 5x < 4 + 5x 5x
3 2x + 8 > 4x +1
4x < 4
2 x + 11 > 4 x + 1
2 x + 11 11 > 4 x + 1 11
4x 4
<
4 4
x <1
Interval: ( ,1)
2 x > 4 x 10
2 x 4 x > 4 x 10 4 x
6 x > 10
0
6 x 10
<
6
6
5
x<
3
5
Interval: ,
3
11.
2.1
2.1
x 8.48
Interval: ( ,8.48]
0
13.
19.
2 x 3 > 7 x + 22
2 x 3 + 3 > 7 x + 22 + 3
2 x > 7 x + 25
2 x 7 x > 7 x + 25 7 x
1.4252 x
2.93
>
1.4252 1.4252
x > 2.06
Interval: ( 2.06, )
5 x > 25
5 x 25
<
5 5
x < 5
Interval: ( , 5 )
3
5
15.
3 2 ( x 4) > 4x + 1
21. 7 ( x + 1) 8 ( x 2 ) 0
7 x + 7 8 x + 16 0
7 x 3 2 x 21
x + 23 0
7 x 3 + 3 2 x 21 + 3
x 23
7 x 2 x 18
x 23
1 1
x 23
7 x + 2 x 2 x 18 + 2 x
9 x 18
Interval: [23, )
9 x 18
9
9
x 2
Intervals: ( , 2]
23
65
26
Homework 3.4
23.
2
x>4
3
3 2
3
x < 4
2 3
2
x < 6
Interval: ( , 6 )
29.
25.
1
x2 <3
4
1
x 2+ 2 < 3+ 2
4
1
x<5
4
1
4 x < 45
4
x < 20
Interval: ( , 20 )
31.
T >E
1582t + 12, 939 12, 939 > 1024t + 9330 12, 939
1582t > 1024t 3609
1582t + 1024t > 1024t 3609 + 1024t
558t > 3609
558t
3609
<
558
558
t < 6.47
20
2 3
5
x
3 4
2
2 3
2 5 2
x
3 4
3 2 3
3
11
x
4
6
4 3
4 11
x
3 4
3 6
22
x
9
22
Interval: ,
9
15
27.
1
1 1
x
2
6 3
1
1 1 1 1
x + +
2
6 6 3 6
1
1
x
2
2
1
1
2 x 2
2
2
x 1
Interval: ( , 1]
22
9
b.
U<P
0.69 x + 19.95 < 0.39 x + 29.95
0.69 x + 19.95 19.95 < 0.39 x + 29.95 19.95
Homework 3.4
35. a.
W ( 28 ) = 0.098 ( 28 ) + 77.58
80.3
M ( 28 ) = 0.192 ( 28 ) + 69.98
39. a.
75.4
80.3 75.4 = 4.9
Women born in 2008 will live roughly 5
years longer, on average, than men born in
2008.
b.
W <M
3 x 12 4 x
3 x + 4 x 12 4 x + 4 x
7 x 12
7 x 12
7
7
12
x
7
Any three numbers that are greater than or
12
equal to
are possible solutions.
7
7.6
>
0.094 0.094
t > 80.9
i.
ii.
b.
12
is
7
not a solution.
41. We have mx < c and x > 2 . This implies that m
must be negative so that dividing both sides by m
produces:
mx < c
mx c
>
m m
c
x>
m
c
= 2 , this means c must also be
m
negative. Thus, c and m can be any negative
c
numbers such that
= 2.
m
Since we want
67
= 2+5
=7
The solution is (1, 7 ) .
23 y = 46
y=2
Substitute y = 2 into 3 x + 2 y = 5 and solve
for x.
3 x + 2 ( 2 ) = 5
3 x + 4 = 5
(4, 5)
3 x = 9
The solution is ( 4, 5 ) .
y = 2 ( x 4 )
2. 3 x 5 y = 1
5 y = 3 x 1
x = 3
The solution is ( 3, 2 ) .
= 2 x + 8
3
1
y = x+
5
5
4 x 6 y = 14
Multiply the first equation by 2 and add the
equations.
4 x + 6 y = 14
4
(3, 2)
4
4 x 6 y = 14
0 = 0 true
This is an identity. The system is dependent. The
solution set contains all ordered pairs ( x, y )
such that y =
2 x + 5 = 3 x + 10
2
7
x+ .
3
3
2 x + 5 5 = 3 x + 10 5
2 x = 3 x + 5
2 x + 3 x = 3 x + 5 + 3 x
6 x 14 y = 1
5x = 5
x =1
Substitute this result into the first equation and
solve for y.
0 = 11 false
This is a contradiction. The system is
inconsistent. The solution set is the empty set.
68
8 x + 10 y = 6
Multiply the first equation by 2 and add the
equations.
8 x 10 y = 6
1.8 y = 7.2
y=4
Substitute y = 4 into 0.4 x + 0.3 y = 0.4 and
solve for x.
0.4 x + 0.3 ( 4 ) = 0.4
8 x + 10 y = 6
0 = 0 true
This is an identity. The system is dependent. The
solution set contains all ordered pairs ( x, y )
4
3
such that y = x .
5
5
3 x 5 x 4 = 21
2
5
3 x x + 20 = 21
2
1
x + 20 = 21
2
1
x =1
2
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into the second equation and
solve for y.
1
y = (2 ) 4
2
= 1 4
= 3
The solution is ( 2, 3) .
15.68 x = x
16.68 x = 0
x=0
Substitute this result into the first equation and
solve for y.
y = 4.9 (0 )
=0
The solution is (0, 0 ) .
Substitute y = 3 into
for x.
69
3
2
x y = 4 and solve
5
3
3
2
x (3) = 4
5
3
3
x2= 4
5
3
x=6
5
x = 10
The solution is (10,3) .
2 x y = 9
6y = 6
y = 1
Substitute y = 1 into 2 x 5 y = 15 and solve
for x.
2 x 5 ( 1) = 15
2 x + 5 = 15
2 x = 10
x=5
The solution is (5, 1) .
6 x 8 + 6 y 3 = 5
Substitution:
Substitute 2 x + 9 for y in the first equation and
solve for x.
2 x 5 y = 15
6 x + 6 y 11 = 5
6x + 6 y = 6
3 ( 2 x + 1) + 4 ( y + 3 ) = 7
2 x 5 ( 2 x + 9 ) = 15
6 x 3 + 4 y + 12 = 7
6 x + 4 y + 9 = 7
2 x + 10 x 45 = 15
6 x + 4 y = 16
The system is:
6x + 6 y = 6
12 x = 60
x=5
Substitute this result into the second equation
and solve for y.
y = 2 x + 9
6 x + 4 y = 16
Solve using elimination.
Add the two equations together.
6x + 6 y = 6
= 2 (5 ) + 9
= 10 + 9
= 1
The solution is (5, 1) .
6 x + 4 y = 16
10 y = 10
y = 1
Substitute y = 1 into 6 x + 6 y = 6 and solve
for x.
6x + 6 y = 6
Graphically:
2 x 5 y = 15
y = 2 x + 9
5 y = 2 x + 15
2
y = x3
5
6 x + 6 ( 1) = 6
6x 6 = 6
6 x = 12
x=2
The solution is ( 2, 1) .
14. Elimination:
Rewrite the second equation so that all the
variables are on the left side of the equation and
the constant is on the right side.
2 x 5 y = 15
2
y = x 3
5
x
(5, 1)
y = 2 x + 9
2x + y = 9
Multiply the second equation by 1 and add the
equations.
70
3 y = 2 x + 19
x + 2y = 4
2
19
y = x+
3
3
3 x + 6 y = 12
Solving this system, you will encounter an
identity such as 0 = 0 . The solution set is
the set of ordered pairs ( x, y ) such that
6 x 4 y = 18
4 y = 6 x + 18
y=
3
9
x
2
2
x + 2y = 4 .
b.
x + 2y = 4
2 x + 6 y = 10
Solving this system, you will encounter a
contradiction such as 0 = 2 . The solution
set is the empty set, .
c.
x + y = 10
3 x 3 y = 6
l 2 : 3 y + 2 x = 34
Substitute 3 x + 4 for y in the second equation.
3 (3 x + 4 ) + 2 x = 34
9 x + 12 + 2 x = 34
11x = 22
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into the first equation and solve
for y.
y = 3 (2 ) + 4
= 6+ 4
30 12 = b
= 10
The solution is ( 2,10 ) so the coordinate of C is
19 = a
18 = b
Substitute 19 for a and 18 for b in the original
system. This gives:
2 x + 3 y = 19
6 x 4 y = 18
Verify:
2 (5 ) + 3 (3 ) = 19
6 (5 ) 4 (3 ) = 18
10 + 9 = 19
30 12 = 18
19 = 19 true
18 = 18
To verify graphically, put each equation in slopeintercept form and then find the intersection
point using a graphing utility.
3 y 12 x = 84
10 x = 50
x=5
Substitute x = 5 into 3 y + 2 x = 34 and solve
for y.
3 y + 2 (5 ) = 34
3 y = 24
y =8
71
y = 3 x 6
l 4 : y = 3 x 14
Substitute 3 x 14 in for y in y + 4 x = 28 .
y = 2 x + 7
(3x 14 ) + 4 x = 28
20. 2 x 18
2 x 18
2 2
x 9
Interval: [9, )
x=6
Substitute x = 6 into y = 3 x 14 and solve
for x.
y = 3 ( 6 ) 14
= 28 14
=4
The solution is (6, 4 ) so the coordinate of E is
21.
3 x 8 13
3 x 8 + 8 13 + 8
3 x 21
3 x 21
3
3
x7
Interval: ( , 7 ]
0 = 3 x 14
3 x = 14
14
3
14
The coordinate of F is , 0 .
3
C (2 , 1 0)
D (5 , 8 )
8 x + 5 x > 5 x + 15 + 5 x
3 x > 15
E (6 , 4 )
F
14
,0
3
10
8 x > 3 x + 6 2 x + 9
8 x > 5 x + 15
B (0 , 4 )
8 x > 3 ( x 2 ) 2 x + 9
22.
16
A (0 , 0 )
y = x + 2
7 x = 42
x=
3 x 15
<
3 3
x < 5
Interval: ( , 5 )
10
y = 2 x + 7
y = 3x 6
72
23.
26.
7.5 7.5
x 0.532
Interval: ( , 0.532]
4
27.
0.532 0
24. 5 ( 2 x + 3) 2 (3 x 4 )
10 x 15 6 x 8
10 x 15 + 15 6 x 8 + 15
10 x 6 x + 7
10 x 6 x 6 x + 7 6 x
16 x 7
7
16 x
16 16
7
x
16
7
Interval: ,
16
3
5
x
4
2
4 3
4 5
x
3 4
3 2
10
x
3
10
Interval: ,
3
7
16
10
3
2
3
x > x
5
2
2
3
3 x 3 > x 3
5
2
2
9
x > x
5
2
2
9
xx > x x
5
2
7
9
x>
5
2
5 7
5 9
x <
7 5
7 2
45
x<
14
45
Interval: ,
14
2
5 7
25.
x+ <
3
2 3
2
5 5 7 5
x+ <
3
2 2 3 2
2
14 15
x<
3
6 6
2
1
x<
3
6
3 2
3 1
x >
2 3
2 6
1
x>
4
1
Interval: ,
4
0
1
4
28. a.
45
14
2
5
c.
f (4) = 1
31. g ( 4 ) = 3
32.
f ( x ) = 0 when x = 1 .
33. g ( x ) = 0 when x = 5 .
34.
f ( x ) = g ( x ) when x = 2 .
cb
=5,
a
a < 0 , and b > c . For example, a = 1 , b = 6 ,
and c = 1 will work.
37. a.
b.
R <U
U (x) = R (x)
3900t = 13000
t 3.33
The family will be able to pay a 10% down
payment in 3 years (2003).
0.47 x = 45.05
x 95.9
The two charges will be the same when the
number of miles driven is roughly 95.9
miles.
74
Chapter 3 Test
40. a.
y = A (t ) = 15.63t + 220.68
Solve using substitution.
Substitute 21.14t + 100.00 for y in the
second equation and solve for t.
y = 15.63t + 220.68
North America:
n (t ) = 0.52t + 35.04
Far East:
36.77t = 120.68
t 3.3
Substitute t = 3.3 into y = 21.14t + 100.00
and solve for y.
y = 21.14t + 100.00
f (t ) = 1.50t + 13.89
b.
c.
n (t ) = f (t )
c.
t 21.6
The consumption of petroleum was the same
for the Far East and North America in 2002.
d.
n ( t ) < f (t )
Chapter 3 Test
3 x 2 (3 x 1) = 1
0.98t 21.15
>
0.98
0.98
t > 21.6
The consumption of petroleum in North
America will be less than the consumption
of petroleum in the Far East for years after
2002.
3 x 6 x + 2 = 1
3 x + 2 = 1
3 x = 3
(cont.)
75
x =1
Chapter 3 Test
3
1
(5 ) +
5
4
1
3+
4
1
4
1
4
= 3 1
=2
The solution is (1, 2 ) .
2. Solve using elimination.
First write the second equation so that all the
variables are on the left side of the equation and
the constant is on the right side.
2x 5 y = 3
y =1
y =1
y = 1 3
y = 2
y = 8
6 x 15 y = 9
Multiply the first equation by 3 and add the
equations.
6 x + 15 y = 9
4 x 8 + 6 y 3 = 21
4 x + 6 y 11 = 21
6 x 15 y = 9
4 x + 6 y = 32
2 x 3 y = 16
0 = 0 true
This is an identity. The system is dependent. The
solution set is the set of ordered pairs ( x, y )
5 (3 x 2 ) ( 4 y + 3) = 59
such that 2 x 5 y = 3 .
15 x 10 4 y 3 = 59
15 x 4 y 13 = 59
15 x 4 y = 46
The system can be rewritten as:
2 x 3 y = 16
15 x 4 y = 46
Solve using elimination.
Multiply the first equation by 4 and the second
equation by 3 , then add the equations.
8 x 12 y = 64
12 x + 18 y = 4
0 = 19 false
This is a contradiction. The system is
inconsistent. The solution set is the empty set.
4. Solve using elimination.
Multiply the second equation by 3 and add the
equations.
2
3
x y =8
5
4
9
3
x+ y =3
5
4
11
x = 11
5
x=5
9
3
Substitute x = 5 into x + y = 3 and solve
5
4
for y.
45 x + 12 y = 138
37 x = 74
x = 2
Substitute x = 2 into 2 x 3 y = 16 and solve
for y.
2 ( 2 ) 3 y = 16
4 3 y = 16
3 y = 12
y=4
The solution is ( 2, 4 ) .
6. Answers may vary. One possible answer:
x 2y =1
3 x + y = 17
76
Chapter 3 Test
2 x + y = 5
Multiply the second equation by 2 and add the
equations.
4x 3 y = 9
4 x + 2 y = 10
y = 1
2 10 x 2 3 x + 14 2
y =1
Substitute y = 1 into 4 x 3 y = 9 and solve
for x.
4 x 3 (1) = 9
10 x 3 x + 12
10 x 3 x 3 x + 12 3 x
13 x 12
13 x 12
13 13
12
x
13
12
Interval: ,
13
4x 3 = 9
4 x = 12
x=3
The solution is (3,1) .
Substitution:
Substitute 2 x 5 for y in the first equation.
4x 3 y = 9
3 x + 13 < 5 x 10
3 x + 13 13 < 5 x 10 13
2 x + 15 = 9
2 x = 6
3 x < 5 x 23
x=3
Substitute x = 3 into y = 2 x 5 and solve for y.
3 x 5 x < 5 x 23 5 x
2 x < 23
y = 2 (3 ) 5
2 x 23
>
2
2
23
x>
2
23
Interval: ,
2
=1
The solution is (3,1) .
Graphically:
4x 3 y = 9
y = 2x 5
4
y = x3
3
y = 2 x 5
4
(3, 1)
y=
3 x + 12 + 1 < 5 x 10
4 x 6 x + 15 = 9
10. 3 ( x + 4 ) + 1 < 5 ( x 2 )
4 x 3 (2 x 5) = 9
2 10 x 3 x + 14
4
x 3
3
12
Chapter 3 Test
11.
18. a.
3 x 11 + 11 < 7 6 x + 11
3 x < 18 6 x
3 x + 6 x < 18 6 x + 6 x
9 x < 18
9 x 18
<
9
9
x<2
Any number less than 2 will satisfy the
inequality.
b.
5
1 7
12.
x+ x
3
6 4
5
1 5
7
5
x+ + x x+ x
3
6 3
4
3
1 41
x
6 12
12 1 12 41
x
41 6 41 12
2
x
41
2
x
41
2
Interval: ,
41
0
13.
19. a.
= 19.75
B (100 ) = 0.08 (100 ) + 9.43
= 17.43
Since 19.75 17.43 = 2.32 , College A had
an enrollment of 2320 more than College B.
b.
c.
f (5 ) = 3
14. g ( x ) = 3 when x = 4 .
15.
f ( x ) = g ( x ) when x = 2 .
78
d.
d.
T
O rig in a l
te m p .
R e frig e ra to r
te m p .
2-Year Colleges:
2
2. y = x + 4
3
y
f ( x ) = 25.59t + 929.18
4-Year Colleges:
3. 5 x 3 y = 15
g (t ) = 23.14t + 1685.30
b.
3 y = 5 x + 15
5
y = x5
3
In 2008, t = 38 .
f (38 ) = 25.59 (38 ) + 929.18
= 1901.6
g (38 ) = 23.14 (38 ) + 1685.30
= 2564.62
The models predict that there will be a total
of 4466 two-year and four-year colleges in
2008.
c.
4
4
4. 3 ( x 4 ) = 2 ( y + 5 ) + 4
3 x 12 = 2 y 10 + 4
3 x 12 = 2 y 6
Next use the slope and either point (we will use
the first point) to find b.
5
m = ; ( 5, 2 )
3
y = mx + b
2 y = 3 x + 6
3
y = x+3
2
5
( 5 ) + b
3
25
2 = + b
3
19
b=
3
The equation of the line is:
5
19
y = x+
3
3
2 =
2
1
1
5. x + 2 = 0
x = 2
y
9. 2 x 5 y = 20
5 y = 2 x + 20
2
y = x4
5
6. m =
=
2
, our line
5
5
since perpendicular lines
2
have opposite-reciprocal slopes.
5
m = ; ( 5,3)
2
y = mx + b
y2 y1
x2 x1
1 2
3 ( 4 )
3
7
3
=
7
=
5
( 5 ) + b
2
25
3=
+b
2
19
b=
2
The equation of the line is:
5
19
y = x
or y = 2.5 x 9.5
2
2
3=
3
7. m = ; ( 2, 3)
5
y = mx + b
3
(2 ) + b
5
6
3 = + b
5
9
b=
5
The equation of the line is:
3
9
or y = 0.6 x 1.8
y = x
5
5
3 =
11. Determine the slopes from the given data and use them to obtain the remaining values.
k (x) :
f (x) :
g (x) :
h (x) :
m=
58 97 39
=
= 13
30
3
Equation 1
x
12.
f (x)
Equation 2
m=
43 4 39
=
= 13
96
3
m=
Equation 3
g (x)
22 23 45
=
= 9
6 1
5
15.
16 ( 28 )
14 10
12
=3
4
Equation 4
h (x)
k (x)
97
-22
23
10 -28
84
-9
14
11 -25
71
12 -22
58
17
-4
13 -19
45
30
-13
14 -16
32
43
-22
15 -13
f (5) = 32
13. g ( x ) = 30 when x = 8 .
14.
m=
3
x=7
2
2 3
2
x = 7
3 2
3
14
x=
3
3
f (x) = x + 7
2
3
f ( 4 ) = ( 4 ) + 7
2
= 6+7
= 13
14
The x-intercept is , 0 .
3
3
f (x) = x + 7
2
3
4 = x + 7
2
3
11 = x
2
2
2 3
11 = x
3
3 2
22
x=
3
3
f (x) = x + 7
2
y
8
4
20.
81
f ( 6 ) = 3 .
21. g ( x ) = 0 when x = 6 .
28.
2 0
2
1
=
=
0 ( 6 ) 6
3
1
The slope of g is .
3
24. To find an equation for f, first determine the
slope by finding two points on the graph. Two
possible points are (0,1) and (3,3) . Use the
7 1
1 3
x= + x
8 4
2 8
7 1
7 1 3
7
x = + x
8 4
8 2 8
8
1
3
3
x = x
4
8
8
1
3
3
3 3
x x = x x
4
8
8
8 8
5
3
x=
8
8
3
x=
5
30. x =
2
x +1.
3
f ( x ) = g ( x ) when x = 3 .
27. 5 x 3 ( 2 x + 4 ) = 8 2 x
5 x 6 x 12 = 8 2 x
11x 12 = 8 2 x
Table:
x
y
2 2
1 1
0 4
1 7
2 10
11x 12 + 12 = 8 2 x + 12
11x = 20 2 x
11x + 2 x = 20 2 x + 2 x
9 x = 20
x=
20
9
Graph:
y
4
4
4
82
Substitution:
x + 3y = 9
x = 3 y + 9
Substitute 3 y + 9 for x in the first equation and
solve for y.
2 ( 3 y + 9 ) 5 y = 4
20 x 12 y = 76
26 x = 52
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into 2 x + 4 y = 8 and solve
for y.
2 ( 2 ) + 4 y = 8
6 y + 18 5 y = 4
11 y + 18 = 4
11 y = 22
y=2
Substitute y = 2 in x = 3 y + 9 and solve for x.
4 + 4 y = 8
4 y = 12
x = 3 ( 2 ) + 9
y = 3
= 6 + 9
The solution is ( 2, 3) .
=3
The solution is (3, 2 ) .
Graphically:
2 x 5 y = 4
5 y = 2 x 4
3 x 7 x 2 = 14
7
3 x 3 x + 14 = 14
3y = x + 9
2
4
y = x+
5
5
1
y = x+3
3
14 = 14 true
This is an identity. The system is dependent. The
solution set consists of all ordered pairs ( x, y )
such that y =
x + 3y = 9
3
x2.
7
(3, 2)
34. Elimination:
Multiply the second equation by 2 and add the
equations.
2 x 5 y = 4
2 x 6 y = 18
35. 2 ( 4 x + 5 ) 3 ( x 7 ) + 1
8 x 10 3 x 21 + 1
8 x 10 3 x 20
8 x 10 + 10 3x 20 + 10
11 y = 22
8 x 3 x 10
y=2
Substitute y = 2 into 2 x 5 y = 4 and solve
for x.
2 x 5 ( 2 ) = 4
8 x 3 x 3x 10 3x
11x 10
11x 10
11 11
10
x
11
10
Interval: ,
11
2 x 10 = 4
2x = 6
x=3
The solution is (3, 2 ) .
83
10
11
36.
4
1
5
x < 2 x
3
6
6
4
1 1
5
1
x + < 2 x+
3
6 6
6
6
4
13 5
x< x
3
6 6
4
5
13 5
5
x+ x < x+ x
3
6
6 6
6
13
13
x<
6
6
6 13
6 13
x<
13 6
13 6
x <1
Interval: ( ,1)
3 x + 6 = 4 x 1
3 x = 4 x 7
7 x = 7
x =1
Substitute this result into the first equation
and solve for y.
y = 3 x + 6
y = 3 (1) + 6
=3
The solution is (1,3) .
39. Answers may vary. Possible answers:
a.
3x + 2 = 8
2x = 6
x=3
3
b.
2
y = x+2
3
y
38. a.
3 x + 6 = 0
3 x = 6
x=2
b.
3 x + 6 < 0
3 x < 6
3 x 6
>
3 3
x>2
Interval: ( 2, )
c.
y = 2x 1
y = x + 2
y
y = 2 x 1
c.
(1, 1)
4
4
4
d.
4
y = x + 2
4 x + 2 10
4x 8
x2
0
84
e.
h (t ) = m t + b .
Selecting two ordered pairs allows us to find
1
1
the slope. We will use 55, and 95, .
4
8
1 1
1
1/ 8
m= 8 4 =
=
95 55
40
320
Using the slope and the first point, we can
find the y-intercept.
y = mx + b
1
1
=
(55) + b
4
320
1
11
= +b
4
64
27
b=
64
1
27
Therefore, h (t ) =
t+
.
320
64
b.
c.
d.
1
27
t+
320
64
1
27
t=
320
64
t = 135
The t-intercept is (135, 0 ) .
0=
f (t ) = 12t + 446
1
27
(105 ) + 0.094
320
64
The grass on the green will have a height of
about 0.094 inches in 2005.
h (105 ) =
b.
c.
1
1
27
t+
=
16
320
64
23
1
t
=
64
320
t = 115
The grass on the green will have a height
1
that is
of an inch in 2015.
16
d.
42. a.
1 1
1
1/ 8
m= 8 4 =
=
95 55
40
320
1
The slope of h is
. The height of the
320
grass on the green gets shorter each year by
1
1
of an inch. Note:
0.0031
320
320
(0,9.5)
B (t ) = 1.8t + 5.2 .
85
y
30
24
Women:
18
12
6
t
3
9
Ye ars
W (t ) = 0.064t + 27
12 15
Men:
M (t ) = 0.029t + 22.10
A (t ) = B (t )
b.
= 19
The models predict that 200-Meter Run
record time in 2007 will be 20.15 seconds
for women and 19 seconds for men.
0.5t = 4.3
t = 8.6
Substitute 8.6 for t in A (t ) = 1.3t + 9.5 .
c.
d.
e.
Solve for t in W (t ) = M (t ) .
A (t ) < B (t )
W ( t ) = M (t )
0.5t 4.3
>
0.5 0.5
t > 8.6
According to the models, Company As
sales will be less than Company Bs sales
after 2009 ( t = 9 ).
86
f.
Women:
0 = 0.064t + 27
0.064t = 27
t 421.88
Men:
0 = 0.029t + 22.1
0.029t = 22.1
t 762.07
The t-intercept for women is ( 421.88, 0 )
W
M
87