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Homework 11.1
1.
15. 5 2 x = 9
5 2 x = 9 or 5 2 x = 9
x =7
2 x = 14 or 2 x = 4
x = 7 or x = 7
3.
x = 7 or x = 2
x = 3
17.
5. 5 x 3 = 15
19. 2 x + 5 = 8
5 x = 18
x+5 = 4
18
x =
5
18
18
x=
or x =
5
5
x + 5 = 4 or x + 5 = 4
x = 9 or x = 1
21. 3 x 9 = 0
3x 9 = 0
7. 4 x 11 = 2
3x = 9
4 x = 13
x=3
13
x =
4
Since x is always nonnegative, the solution set
23. 6 2 x 7 + 4 = 2
6 2 x 7 = 6
13
for x =
is the empty set, .
4
9.
2x 7 = 1
2 x 7 = 1 or 2 x 7 = 1
2 x = 6 or 2 x = 8
x+2 =5
x = 3 or x = 4
x + 2 = 5 or x + 2 = 5
x = 7 or x = 3
11.
25.
x 5 = 0
x5 = 0
x=5
13. 3 x 1 = 11
3 x 1 = 11 or 3 x 1 = 11
3 x = 10 or 3 x = 12
x=
2 x + 9 = 6
10
or x = 4
3
336
1
5 7
x =
2
3 6
1
5
7
1
5 7
x =
or
x =
2
3
6
2
3 6
1
7 5
1
7 5
x = + or x = +
2
6 3
2
6 3
1
1
1
17
x=
or
x=
2
2
2
6
17
x =1
or x =
3
Homework 11.1
41.
x 6 7 or x 6 7
4.7 x = 12.7
x 1 or x 13
Interval: ( , 1] [13, )
x 2.70
x 2.70 or x 2.70
43.
or x = 5.32
45.
7 x + 15 > 4
solution set for the inequality 7 x + 15 > 4 is
the set of all real numbers.
Interval: ( , )
x 3
x 3 or x 3
Interval: ( , 3] [3, )
3
35.
2 x + 5 15
15 2 x + 5 15
20 2 x 10
10 x 5
Interval: [10,5]
10
x <4
4 < x < 4
Interval: ( 4, 4 )
33.
13
1 0
x6 7
47. 2 x 3 + 1 17
2 x 3 16
x < 3
x3 8
x 3 8 or x 3 8
x 5 or x 11
Interval: ( , 5] [11, )
37. 2 x 5 > 3
2 x >8
x >4
49. 3 5 2 x + 1 8
x < 4 or x > 4
Interval: ( , 4 ) ( 4, )
4
3 5 2 x 9
5 2x 3
5 2 x 3 or 5 2 x 3
2 x 8 or 2 x 2
39. 2 5 x 8
x 4 or x 1
Interval: ( ,1] [4, )
5 x 10
x 2
x 2 or x 2
Interval: ( , 2] [2, )
2
11
337
Homework 11.1
51. 5 2 x + 3 + 7 < 2
5 2 x + 3 < 5
2 + ( 7 ) = 2 7 = 5 = 5
2 x + 3 < 1
2 + 7 = 2 + 7 = 9
and b.
2x 3
9
+
5 2 20
9 2x 3 9
+
20 5 2 20
39 2 x
21
20 5
20
39
21
2x
4
4
39
21
x
8
8
39 21
Interval: ,
8
8
61. a.
2 x + 1 = 11 or 2 x + 1 = 11
2 x = 12 or 2 x = 10
x = 6
b.
or x = 5
2 x + 1 < 11
11 < 2 x + 1 < 11
12 < 2 x < 10
6 < x < 5
c.
2 x + 1 > 11
2 x + 1 < 11 or 2 x + 1 > 11
21
39
2 x + 1 = 11
2 x < 12 or 2 x > 10
x < 6
d.
or x > 5
6.72
6.72
63. a bx + c + d = k
a bx + c = k d
k d
a
k
d
bx + c =
a
k d
bx = c
a
ac ( k d )
bx =
a
ac ( k d )
x=
ab
ac ( k d )
x=
ab
bx + c =
0.30
1.04
338
k d
a
k d
or bx = c +
a
ac + ( k d )
or bx =
a
ac + ( k d )
or x =
ab
or bx + c =
7.
x 6
6 x 6
Interval: [6, 6]
10 < x + 3 < 10
13 < x < 7
8.
1. 3 x 4 = 11
x =5
x 4
9.
2x 3 = 7
2 x 3 = 7 or 2 x 3 = 7
2 x = 4 or 2 x = 10
x = 2 or x = 5
3. 2 3 x + 5 + 9 = 1
3 x + 5 = 4 or 3 x + 5 = 4
4
3
4
Interval: 2,
3
1
3
2 < x <
4. 5 6 x 5 = 15
6x 5 = 3
6 x 5 = 3 or 6 x 5 = 3
6 x = 2 or 6 x = 8
4
3
11. 2 x + 5 + 10 4
1
4
or x =
3
3
2 x + 5 6
x+5 3
2x 5 = 0
3 x + 5 3
2x 5 = 0
8 x 2
Interval: [8, 2]
2x = 5
6.
6 < 3 x < 4
3 x = 9 or 3 x = 1
x=
10. 3 x + 1 < 5
5 < 3 x + 1 < 5
3x + 5 = 4
5.
4 x 8 > 12
4 x 8 < 12 or 4 x 8 > 12
4 x < 4 or 4 x > 20
x < 1 or x > 5
Interval: ( , 1) (5, )
1
2 3 x + 5 = 8
x=
x = 5 or x = 5
x = 3 or x =
x 4 or x 4
Interval: ( , 4] [4, )
3 x = 15
2.
5
2
7 x + 1 = 3
Since 7 x + 1 is always nonnegative, the solution
set for 7 x + 1 = 3 is the empty set, .
339
Homework 11.2
12. 7 3 x 2 42
3x 6 = 0
3x 6 = 0
3x 2 6
3x = 6
6 3 x 2 6
x=2
4 3 x 8
4
8
x
3
3
4 8
Interval: ,
3 3
13.
4
3
Homework 11.2
1. y 2 x 4
Graph the line y = 2 x 4 with a solid line and
shade the region above it.
8
3
x 5 < 7
Since x 5 is always nonnegative, the solution
14. 3 2 x 9 > 1
2x 9 >
1
3
1
3. y < x + 3
2
1
Graph the line y = x + 3 with a dashed line
2
and shade the region below it.
1
is the set of all real
3
numbers.
Interval: ( , )
0
4
15. False.
For example, let a = 4 and b = 9 .
a b = 4 9 = 5 = 5
a b = 4 9 = 4 9 = 5
5. y
2
x5
3
2
x 5 with a solid line and
3
shade the region below it.
16. 3 x 6 0
0 3x 6 0
6 3x 6
2 x2
x=2
As an alternative, remember that 3 x 6 is
always nonnegative, which means it is never less
than 0. Thus, the inequality can be written as
8
8
340
Homework 11.2
4
4
15. y 2
Graph the line y = 2 with a solid line and shade
the region below it.
9. 2 x + 5 y < 10
5 y < 2 x + 10
2
y < x+2
5
2
Graph the line y = x + 2 with a dashed line
5
and shade the region below it.
17. y > 5
Graph the line y = 5 with a dashed line and
shade the region above it.
11. 4 x 6 y 6 0
6 y 4 x + 6
2
x 1
3
2
Graph the line y = x 1 with a solid line and
3
shade below it.
1
x2
3
y > x + 3
Graph y =
19. y
1
x 2 with a solid line and the line
3
y = x + 3 with a dashed line. The solution
region of the system is the intersection of the
1
solution regions of y x 2 and y > x + 3 .
3
13. 3 ( x 2 ) + y 2
2
3 x 6 + y 2
y 3 x + 4
Graph the line y = 3 x + 4 with a solid line and
4
4
341
Homework 11.2
21. y x 4
y 3 x
Graph the line y = x 4 with a solid line and the
line y = 3 x with a solid line. The solution
region of the system is the intersection of the
solution regions of y x 4 and y 3 x .
y
4
27. y 3
y 5
Graph the lines y = 3 and y = 5 with solid
lines. The solution region of the system is the
intersection of the solution regions of y 3
and y 5 .
23. y 3 x + 9
y 2x 3
x0
y0
Graph the lines y = 3 x + 9 , y = 2 x 3 , x = 0 ,
and y = 0 with solid lines. The solution region
of the system is the intersection of the solution
regions of y 3 x + 9 , y 2 x 3 , x 0 , and
y0.
29. 2 x 4 y 8
3 x + 5 y 10
4 y 2 x + 8
5 y 3x + 10
1
x2
2
3
y x+2
5
1
3
x 2 and y = x + 2
2
5
with solid lines. The solution region of the
system is the intersection of the solution regions
1
3
of y x 2 and y x + 2 .
2
5
Graph the lines y =
25. y < x + 5
y x+5
y>
4
4
1
x +1.
2
1
x +1
2
1
Graph the lines y = x + 5 and y = x + 1 with
2
dashed lines, and the line y = x + 5 with a solid
line. The solution region of the system is the
intersection of the solution regions of
4
4
342
1
( x 4) 1
2
1
y x 2 1
2
1
y x3
2
y < 2 ( x 1) + 3
31. y
1. y 2 x 6
Graph the line y = 2 x 6 with a solid line and
shade the region below it.
y < 2 x + 2 + 3
y < 2 x + 5
1
x 3 with a solid line and
2
the line y = 2 x + 5 with a dashed line. The
solution region of the system is the intersection
1
of the solution regions of y ( x 4 ) 1 and
2
y < 2 ( x 1) + 3 .
2. y 3 x + 9
Graph the line y = 3 x + 9 with a solid line and
shade the region above it.
2
4
33. 2 x 3 y < 6
3 y < 2 x + 6
2
y > x2
3
The graph of 2 x 3 y < 6 is the region above
y=
2 y > 4 x + 8
y < 2x 4
Graph the line y = 2 x 4 with a dashed line and
shade the region below it.
y
4
4
3. 4 x 2 y > 8
2
x 2 or rewritten as 2 x 3 y = 6 .
3
343
4. 3 y 5 x < 15
7. y x + 4
3 y < 5 x + 15
y<
y > 2x 3
Graph the line y = x + 4 with a solid line and
the line y = 2 x 3 with a dashed line. The
solution region of the system is the intersection
of the solution regions of y x + 4 and
y > 2x 3 .
5
x+5
3
5
x + 5 with a dashed line and
3
shade the region below it.
Graph the line y =
y
5. 2 ( y + 3) + 4 x 8
2
x +1
5
1
y < x+2
4
8. y
2 y 6 + 4 x 8
2 y 4 x 2
y 2x + 1
Graph the line y = 2 x + 1 with a solid line and
shade the region below it.
2
x + 1 with a solid line and
5
1
the line y = x + 2 with a dashed line. The
4
solution region of the system is the intersection
2
of the solution regions for y x + 1 and
5
1
y < x+2.
4
6. y < 2
Graph the line y = 2 and shade the region
below it.
4
4
344
Homework 11.3
6 y 2 x 12
4 y 3 x + 12
11. 2 x 5 y > 10
6 y 2 x + 12
1
x+2
3
3
1
Graph the lines y = x 3 and y = x + 2 with
4
3
solid lines. The solution region of the system is
the intersection of the solution regions for
3
1
y x 3 and y x + 2 .
4
3
y
3
x3
4
5 y > 2 x + 10
2
x2
5
Answers may vary.
Three possible solutions:
( 5, 5) , ( 0, 4 ) , and (5, 2)
y<
2
( 5 ) 2
5
5 < 2 2
16
2
(5 ) 2
5
2 < 2 2
4 <
2 <
5 < 4
4 < 2
2 < 0
true
true
Three possible non-solutions:
( 5, 0 ) , (0,1) , and (5, 2 )
16
2
( 5 ) 2
5
0 < 2 2
2
(5 ) 2
5
2 < 22
1<
2<
0 < 4
1 < 2
2<0
false
false
false
Homework 11.3
1. x3 + 27 = x3 + 33
(
= ( x + 3) ( x
= ( x + 3 ) x 2 3 x + 32
2
(0 ) 2
5
1< 02
0<
true
y>0
Graph the lines y = x 3 , y = x + 5 , x = 0 ,
and y = 0 with dashed lines. The solution region
of the system is the intersection of the solution
regions for y < x 3 , y < x + 5 , x > 0 , and
y>0.
2
(0 ) 2
5
4 < 0 2
5 <
3. x3 64 = x3 43
(
= ( x 4)( x
3x + 9
)
+ 4 x + 16 )
= ( x 4 ) x 2 + 4 x + 42
2
5. x3 1000 = x3 103
(
= ( x 10 ) ( x
)
+ 10 x + 100 )
= ( x 10 ) x 2 + 10 x + 10 2
345
Homework 11.3
7. x3 + 125 = x3 + 53
(
= ( x + 5)( x
(
= 7(x
)
5 x + 25 )
= ( x + 5 ) x 2 5 x + 52
2
9. x3 + 1 = x3 + 13
(
= ( x + 1) ( x
= ( x + 1) x 2 x + 12
2
(
= 10 ( x
)
+4 )
= 10 ( x + 4 ) ( x
= 10 ( x + 4 ) ( x
= ( 4 x 5 ) ( 4 x ) + ( 4 x )(5 ) + 52
2
= ( 4 x 5 ) 16 x 2 + 20 x + 25
(
= x(x
= (3 x + 4 ) (3 x ) (3 x )( 4 ) + 4 2
2
= (3 x + 4 ) 9 x 2 12 x + 16
17. 8 x3 27 = ( 2 x ) 33
2
= ( 2 x 3) 4 x 2 + 6 x + 9
23
3x + 9
23
+ 2x + 4
= 4 x ( 2 x 1) 4 x 2 + 2 x + 1
33. 2 x3 50 x = 2 x x 2 25
= 2 x ( x 5 )( x + 5 )
(
= 4 ( x 2)( x
= 4 x ( 2 x 1) ( 2 x ) + ( 2 x )(1) + 12
= (5 x + 2 ) 25 x 2 10 x + 4
3 x + 32
31. 32 x 4 4 x = 4 x 8 x3 1
)
4 x + 16 )
= 4 x ( 2 x ) 13
= (5 x + 2 ) (5 x ) (5 x )( 2 ) + 22
(
= 4(x
4 x + 42
(
= 3x ( x 2 ) ( x
= ( 2 x 3 ) ( 2 x ) + ( 2 x )(3) + 32
= 3x ( x 2 ) x 2 + 2 x + 22
= (10 x 1) 100 x 2 + 10 x + 1
21. 4 x3 32 = 4 x3 8
(
= 3x ( x
19. 125 x + 8 = (5 x ) + 2
29. 3 x 4 24 x = 3 x x 3 8
)
+3 )
= x ( x + 3) ( x
= x ( x + 3) ( x
)
+ 10 x + 100 )
27. x 4 + 27 x = x x3 + 27
13. 27 x3 + 64 = (3 x ) + 43
25. 10 x3 + 640 = 10 x3 + 64
11. 64 x3 125 = ( 4 x ) 53
10
(
= 7 ( x 10 ) ( x
x +1
= 7 ( x 10 ) x 2 + 10 x + 10 2
(
= 2(x
35. 2 x3 16 = 2 x3 8
= 4 ( x 2) x2 + 2 x + 22
2
+ 2x + 4
23
(
= 2 ( x 2)( x
= 2 ( x 2 ) x 2 + 2 x + 22
346
+ 2x + 4
37. x 2 12 x + 36 = ( x 6 )
( x + 1) + 1( x + 1)
= ( x + 1) ( x3 + 1)
39. x + x + x + 1 = x
= ( x + 1) x3 + 13
a 3 + b3
(
= ( x 6)( x
41. 6 x + 11x 10 = (3 x 2 )( 2 x + 5 )
(
= ( x + 6)( x
= ( x + 4 ) ( 2 x ) 13
3
= ( 4 x + 1) ( 4 x ) ( 4 x )(1) + 12
4. 27 x3 125 = (3 x ) 53
3
= (3 x 5 ) (3 x ) + (3 x )(5 ) + 52
47. x3 x 2 30 x = x x 2 x 30
= 2 x ( 2 x + 3) ( 2 x ) ( 2 x )(3) + 32
= (5 4 x ) 52 + (5 )( 4 x ) + ( 4 x )
= (5 4 x ) 25 + 20 x + 16 x 2
= ( 4 x 5 ) 16 x + 20 x + 25
2
= 2 x ( 2 x + 3) 4 x 2 6 x + 9
6. 375 x 4 24 x = 3 x 125 x3 8
= 3 x (5 x ) 23
= 3 x (5 x 2 ) (5 x ) + (5 x )( 2 ) + 22
2
= 3 x (5 x 2 ) 25 x 2 + 10 x + 4
)
= 5 x (1 x ) (1 + x + x )
= 5 x ( x 1) ( x + x + 1)
7. 5 x 5 x 4 = 5 x 1 x3
= 2 x ( 2 x ) + 33
49. 125 64 x3 = 53 ( 4 x )
5. 16 x 4 + 54 x = 2 x 8 x3 + 27
= x ( x 6 )( x + 5 )
= (3 x 5 ) 9 x + 15 x + 25
= ( x + 4 )( 2 x 1) 4 x 2 + 2 x + 1
= ( 4 x + 1) 16 x 2 4 x + 1
= ( x + 4 )( 2 x 1) ( 2 x ) + ( 2 x )(1) + 12
3. 64 x3 + 1 = ( 4 x ) + 13
= 8 x 3 ( x + 4 ) 1( x + 4 )
)
6 x + 36 )
= ( x + 6 ) x 2 6 x + 62
45. 8 x 4 + 32 x3 x 4
= ( x + 4 ) 8 x3 1
2. x3 + 216 = x3 + 63
= 2 x ( x 8 )( x 2 )
)
+ 6 x + 36 )
= ( x 6 ) x 2 + 6 x + 62
ab + b 2
1. x3 216 = x3 63
(
)
= ( x + 1)( x + 1) ( x x + 1)
= ( x + 1) ( x x + 1)
43. 2 x3 20 x 2 + 32 x = 2 x x 2 10 x + 16
)
)
= ( x + 1)( x + 1) x 2 x + 12
(
= (a + b )(a
a 3 b3 = ( a b ) a 2 + ab + b 2
347
Homework 11.4
(
= 7 (2
8. 56 7 x3 = 7 8 x3
3
x3
11.
20 + 50 20 + i 50
=
10
10
)
= 7 ( x 2 ) ( 4 + 2 x + x )
= 7 ( x 2 ) ( x + 2 x + 4 )
= 7 (2 x ) 2 + 2 x + x
2
20 + i 25 2
10
20 + 5i 2
10
20 5i 2
+
10
10
9. x 4 + 2 x3 8 x 16 = x3 ( x + 2 ) 8 ( x + 2 )
(
= ( x + 2)( x
23
= ( x + 2) x 8
= 2+
(
= ( x + 2 )( x 2 ) ( x
13.
= ( x + 2 )( x 2 ) x 2 + 2 x + 2 2
2
+ 2x + 4
)
= ( x 5 )( x + 1) ( x
= 2i 9
= 2i (3)
= 6i
15.
= ( x 5 ) x3 + 1
4 + 2 25 1 8 4
= 4 + 2i 25 1 8i 4
= 4 + 2i (5 ) 1 8i ( 2 )
x +1
= 4 + 10i 1 16i
= 4 1 + 10i 16i
Homework 11.4
1.
9 + 9 = 2 9
10. x 4 5 x3 + x 5 = x3 ( x 5 ) + 1( x 5 )
= 3 6i
36 = i 36 = 6i
17.
3. 25 = i 25 = 5i
4 25 = i 4 i 25
= 2i 5i
5.
13 = i 13
= 10i 2
7.
20 = i 20 = i 4 5 = 2i 5
= 10
9.
= 10 ( 1)
4 24 4 i 24
=
8
8
19.
= 15
4 2i 6
8
21.
( 4 7i ) + (3 + 10i ) = 4 7i + 3 + 10i
= 4 + 3 7i + 10i
= 7 + 3i
4 2i 6
=
8
8
=
3 5 = i 3 i 5
= i 2 15
4 i 46
=
8
=
2
i
2
23.
1
6
i
2 4
(6 5i ) ( 2 + 13i ) = 6 5i 2 13i
= 6 2 5i 13i
= 4 18i
348
Homework 11.4
41.
= 6 8 10i + 24i
= 2 + 14i
(1 + i )(1 i ) = 12 i 2
= 1 ( 1)
= 1+1
=2
27. 2i 9i = 18i 2
= 18 ( 1)
43.
= 18
( 2 + 3i )2 = 22 + 2 ( 2 )(3i ) + (3i )2
= 4 + 12i + 9i 2
= 4 + 12i + 9 ( 1)
= 4 + 12i 9
= 5 + 12i
= 50 ( 1)
= 50
45.
31. 5i (3 2i ) = 5i 3 5i 2i
= 15i 10i 2
( 4 i )2 = 42 2 ( 4 )(i ) + i 2
= 16 8i + ( 1)
= 16 8i 1
= 15 8i
= 15i 10 ( 1)
= 15i + 10
= 10 + 15i
47.
33. 20 3i ( 2 7i ) = 20 3i 2 + 3i 7i
= 20 6i + 21i 2
= 20 6i + 21 ( 1)
= 20 6i 21
= 1 6i
35.
6 15i
4 + 25
6 15i
=
29
6 15
=
i
29 29
=
( 2 + 5i )(3 + 4i ) = 2 3 + 2 4i + 5i 3 + 5i 4i
= 6 + 8i + 15i + 20i 2
= 6 + 23i + 20 ( 1)
= 6 + 23i 20
= 14 + 23i
37.
49.
(3 6i )(5 + 2i ) = 3 5 + 3 2i 6i 5 6i 2i
= 15 + 6i 30i 12i 2
= 15 24i 12 ( 1)
= 15 24i + 12
= 27 24i
39.
3
3 2 5i
=
2 + 5i 2 + 5i 2 5i
6 15i
=
4 25i 2
6 15i
=
4 25 ( 1)
7
7 6 3i
=
6 + 3i 6 + 3i 6 3i
42 21i
=
36 9i 2
42 21i
=
36 9 ( 1)
42 21i
36 + 9
42 21i
=
45
14 7
= i
15 15
=
(5 + 4i )(5 4i ) = 52 ( 4i )2
= 25 16i 2
= 25 16 ( 1)
= 25 + 16
= 41
349
Homework 11.4
51.
2 3i 2 3i 7 i
=
7+i
7+i 7i
14 2i 21i + 3i 2
=
49 i 2
14 23i + 3 ( 1)
=
49 ( 1)
57. x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0
x=
2 8
2
2 i 8
=
2
2 2i 2
=
2
= 1 i 2
11 23i
50
11 23
=
i
50 50
3 + 4i 3 + 4i 3 + 4i
=
3 4i 3 4i 3 + 4i
9 + 12i + 12i + 16i 2
=
9 16i 2
9 + 24i + 16 ( 1)
=
9 16 ( 1)
59. x 2 2 x + 5 = 0
x=
( 2 )
( 2 )2 4 (1)(5 )
2 (1)
2 16
2
2 i 16
=
2
2 4i
=
2
= 1 2i
=
7 + 24i
25
7 24
= + i
25 25
=
55.
( 2 )2 4 (1)(3)
2 (1)
53.
3 + 5i 3 + 5i 2 9i
=
2 + 9i 2 + 9i 2 9i
6 27i + 10i 45i 2
=
4 81i 2
6 17i 45 ( 1)
=
4 81 ( 1)
61. 2 x 2 + x + 1 = 0
x=
1
4
1 i
=
4
1
=
4
=
51 17i
=
85
51 17
=
i
85 85
3 1
= i
5 5
350
(1)2 4 ( 2 )(1)
2 (2)
7
7
7
i
4
Homework 11.4
63.
5 x 2 4 x = 1
69.
x (3 x 2 ) = 2 + 2 ( x 3 )
3x 2 2 x = 2 + 2 x 6
5x 4x + 1 = 0
( 4 )
x=
( 4 )2 4 (5 )(1)
2 (5 )
3x 2 4 x + 4 = 0
x=
4 4
10
4i 4
=
10
4 2i
=
10
2 1
= i
5 5
65.
2 x ( 2 x 1) = 3
4 x 2 2 x = 3
4x 2x + 3 = 0
x=
67.
( 4 )2 4 (3)( 4 )
2 (3 )
4 32
6
4 i 32
6
4 4i 2
6
2 2 2
i
3
3
71. x 2 = 9
( 2 )
( 4 )
x = 9
( 2 )2 4 ( 4 )(3)
2 (4 )
x = i 9
x = 3i
2 44
8
2 i 44
8
2 2i 11
8
x=
1
11
i
4
4
x = i
5
3
x = i
5 3
3 3
x = i
15
3
x=
15
i
3
73. 3 x 2 = 5
x2 =
( x + 1)( x + 2 ) = x
x2 + 2 x + x + 2 = x
2
x + 2x + 2 = 0
x=
( 2 )2 4 (1)( 2 )
2 (1)
2 4
2
2 i 4
=
2
2 2i
=
2
= 1 i
75.
5
3
5
3
(5 x + 3)2 = 7
5 x + 3 = 7
5 x + 3 = i 7
5 x = 3 i 7
3
7
x=
i
5 5
351
77. 2 (3 x 1) + 4 = 12
2
4. 4i 3i = 12i 2
= 12 ( 1)
2 (3 x 1) = 8
2
= 12
(3x 1)2 = 4
5.
3 x 1 = 4
(5 3i )(7 + i ) = 5 7 + 5 i 3i 7 3i i
= 35 + 5i 21i 3i 2
3 x 1 = i 4
= 35 16i 3 ( 1)
3 x 1 = 2i
3 x = 1 2i
= 35 16i + 3
= 38 16i
1 2
i
3 3
x=
6.
= 16 24i + 9i 2
= 16 24i + 9 ( 1)
= 16 24i 9
= 7 24i
7.
(1 i ) + (1 + 2i ) = 1 i + 1 + 2i = 2 + i
b.
(1 i ) + (1 + i ) = 1 i + 1 + i = 2
c.
(1 + i ) + ( 1 + i ) = 1 + i 1 + i = 2i
= 64 25 ( 1)
= 64 + 25
= 89
8.
2
2 4+i
=
4i 4i 4+i
8 + 2i
=
16 i 2
8 + 2i
=
16 ( 1)
8 + 2i
17
8 2
= + i
17 17
=
1. 3 + 4 36 2 8 36 = 3 + 4i 36 2 8i 36
= 3 + 4i (6 ) 2 8i (6 )
= 3 + 24i 2 48i
= 3 2 + 24i 48i
9.
= 1 24i
2 7 = i 2 i 7
= i 2 14
= 14
3.
(8 + 5i )(8 5i ) = (8 )2 (5i )2
= 64 25i 2
2.
( 4 3i )2 = ( 4 )2 2 ( 4 )(3i ) + (3i )2
3 + 2i 3 + 2i 5 + 4i
=
5 4i 5 4i 5 + 4i
15 + 12i + 10i + 8i 2
=
25 16i 2
15 + 22i + 8 ( 1)
=
25 16 ( 1)
7 + 22i
41
7 22
= + i
41 41
=
(6 2i ) + (3 4i ) = 6 2i + 3 4i
= 6 + 3 2i 4i
= 9 6i
352
10.
1 i 1 i 1 i
=
1+ i 1+ i 1 i
12 i i + i 2
=
12 i 2
1 2i + ( 1)
=
1 ( 1)
x + 4 x + 5 x + 20 = x
x 2 + 8 x + 20 = 0
x=
( 2 )
( 2 )2 4 (1)(3)
2 (1)
2 8
2
2i 8
=
2
2 2i 2
=
2
= 1 i 2
14. 3 ( 2 x 5 ) + 1 = 13
2
3 ( 2 x 5 ) = 12
2
( 2 x 5 )2 = 4
2 x 5 = 4
2 x 5 = i 4
2 x 5 = 2i
2 x = 5 2i
12. 3 x 2 + x 4 = 0
x=
x=
(1)2 4 ( 3)( 4 )
2 ( 3 )
5
i
2
1 47
=
6
1 i 47
=
6
=
(8 )2 4 (1)( 20 )
2 (1)
11. x 2 2 x + 3 = 0
8 16
2
8 i 16
=
2
8 4i
=
2
= 4 2i
2i
2
= i
=
x=
( x + 4 )( x + 5 ) = x
13.
1
47
i
6
6
16. False.
The number 3i (or 0 + 3i ) is a complex number
and i is a pure imaginary number. Then
(i )(3i ) = 3i 2 = 3 . Since
3 is not an imaginary
353
Homework 11.5
Homework 11.5
c.
1. x = dollars invested in CD
y = dollars invested in mutual fund
a.
b.
x + y = 10000
or
y = 10000 x
I = .0287 x + .081y
f ( x) = .0287 x + .081(10000 x )
= .0287 x + .08110000 .081x
f ( x) = .0523x + 810
0 x 10000
d.
We want
f ( x) = 500
.0695 x + 850.5 = 500
.0695 x = 350.5
350.5
= $5043.17
x=
.0695
You should invest $5043.17 in the CD and
$3956.83 in the mutual fund in order to earn
$500 interest.
f (10000) = .0695(10000) + 850.5
= $155.50
c.
We want f ( x ) = 400
.0523 x + 810 = 400
.0523 x = 410
410
= $7839.39
x=
.0523
You should invest $7839.39 in the CD and
$2160.61 in the mutual fund in order to earn
$400 interest.
3. x = dollars invested in CD
a.
or
x + y = 8000
y = 8000 - x
I = .015 x + .116 y
f ( x) = .015 x + .116(8000 x)
= .015 x + .116 8000 .116 x
f ( x) = .101x + 928
2500 x 8000 ( see part b.)
b.
c.
We want
f ( x) = 400
.101x + 928 = 400
.101x = 528
528
= $5227.72
x=
.101
You should invest $5227.72 in the CD and
$2772.28 in the mutual fund in order to earn
$400 interest.
x + y = 9000 or y = 9000 x
I = .025 x + .0945 y
f ( x) = .025 x + .0945(9000 x)
= .025 x + .0945 9000 .0945 x
0 x 9000
f ( x) = .0695 x + 850.5
b.
354
Homework 11.5
b.
x = dollars invested in CD
y = dollars invested in mutual fund
a.
b.
c.
x + y = 6000
or
y = 6000 - x
I = .0285 x + .09 y
f ( x) = .0285 x + .09(6000 x)
= .0285 x + .09 6000 .09 x
f ( x) = .0615 x + 540
0 x 6000
c.
We evaluate f (0) = $540. Thus the Iintercept is (0, 540). This means that if the
entire $6000 is invested in the mutual fund,
$540 in interest will be earned. Since f is a
decreasing function, $540 is also the
maximum interest that can be earned.
25 x = 425000.
425000
x=
= 17000
25
Thus we should sell 17000 of the $50 tickets
and 3000 of the $75 tickets to make
$600,000 profit.
.0615 x = 540
540
x=
= $8780.49
.0615
Thus the x-intercept is (8780.49, 0).
Although the formula for f ( x) yields a
plausible result for f (x) = 0 , this value is
outside the domain of f , since only $6000 is
available for investment. It is also illogical
to invest a large sum of money that returns
no interest. Thus model breakdown has
occurred.
d.
x + y = 12000
or y = 12000 x
R = 45 x + 70 y
f ( x) = 45 x + 70(12000 x)
= 45 x + 70 12000 70 x
f ( x) = 25 x + 840000
0 x 12000
b.
c.
x + y = 20000 or y = 20000 x
R = 50 x + 75 y
f ( x) = 50 x + 75(20000 x )
= 50 x + 75 20000 75 x
f ( x) = 25 x + 1500000
0 x 20000
355
Homework 11.5
d. We want R = $602,500.
25 x + 840000 = 602500.
25 x = 237500
237500
= 9500
x=
25
Thus we should sell 9500 of the $45 tickets
and 2500 of the $70 tickets to earn $602,500
in revenue.
585 x = 900000
900000
= 1538.5
585
That is, we need 1539 part-time students and
4617 full-time students.
x=
17. Demand:
a.
y = x + 242
R = 126 x + 8 y
f ( x) = 126 x + 8( x + 242)
= 126 x + 8 x + 8 242
f ( x) = 134 x + 1936
x0
f ( p ) = 2.25 p 2 + 3162.5 p
b.
Set f ( p ) = 0
2.25 p 2 + 3162.5 p = 0
2.25 p ( p 1405.56) = 0
n = 2.25 p + 3162.5
p ( p 1405.56 ) = 0
p = 0 or p = 1405.56
Thus p-intercepts are (0, 0) and (1405.56, 0)
If p = $0., we will give the guitars away; if
p = $1405.56, there will be no demand. In
either case, no revenue will be generated.
We want R = $14,130.
134 x + 1936 = 14130
134 x = 12194
12194
= $91.
x=
134
The average selling price for a coach ticket
should be $91 and the average price for a
first-class ticket should be $333 in order to
earn revenue of $14,130.
+ 1111267.36
y = 2.25( p 702.78) + 1111267.36
The maximum R value will occur at the vertex of
the parabola, which is (702.78, 1111267.36).
Thus the maximum monthly revenue is
$1,111,267.36, which occurs when the price per
guitar is $702.78
2
y = 3x
R = 13(3x + 14 y )
f ( x) = 13 3x + 13 14(3x )
19.
a.
= 39 x + 546 x
f ( x) = 585 x
x0
A linear model seems appropriate. Using
linear regression we get
n = 136.2 p + 5861.64
356
d.
f ( p ) = (136.2 p + 5861.64) p
f ( p ) = 136.2 p + 5861.64 p
2
c.
Set f ( p ) = 0
136.2 p 2 + 5861.64 p = 0
136.2 p ( p 43.04) = 0
p=
p = 0 or p = 43.04
Thus the p-intercepts are (0, 0) and
(43.04, 0).
p = $0., we will give the CDs away; if
p = $43.04, there will be no demand. In
either case, no revenue will be generated.
e.
x + y = 8000 or y = 8000 x
I = .029 x + .127 y
f ( x) = .029 x + .127(8000 x)
= .029 x + .127 8000 .127 x
f ( x) = .098 x + 1016
0 x 8000
b.
2(2.164)
2493.6 2034.85
or
p=
so
4.328
p = 106
or
p = 1046.31
Thus if we sell the printers for either $106
apiece or $1046.31 apiece, our revenue will
be $240,000.
If
p ( p 43.04 ) = 0
21. a.
357
Homework 11.6
c.
We want
f ( x) = 500
.098 x + 1016 = 500
.098 x = 516
516
= $5265.31
x=
.098
b.
c.
x + y = 16000 or y = 16000 x
R = 30 x + 50 y
f ( x) = 30 x + 50(16000 x)
= 30 x + 50 16000 50 x
f ( x) = 20 x + 800000
0 x 16000
Homework 11.6
1. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
c 2 = 52 + 122
c 2 = 25 + 144
c 2 = 169
c = 13
3. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
We want R = $500,000.
20 x + 800000 = 500000.
c 2 = 4 2 + 52
20 x = 300000.
300000
= 15000
x=
20
Thus we should sell 15,000 $30 tickets and
1000 $50 tickets to earn $500,000 in
revenue.
c 2 = 16 + 25
c 2 = 41
c = 41
5. a 2 + b 2 = c 2
32 + b 2 = 82
b 2 = 55
a.
9 + b 2 = 64
b = 55
f ( p ) = ( 120 p + 65000) p
f ( p ) = 120 p 2 + 65000 p
7. a 2 + b 2 = c 2
a 2 + 52 = 7 2
b. Set f ( p ) = 0
a 2 + 25 = 49
120 p 2 + 65000 p = 0
120 p( p 541.67) = 0
a 2 = 24
p ( p 541.67 ) = 0
a = 24
p = 0 or p = 541.67
Thus the p-intercepts are (0, 0) and
a=2 6
(541.67, 0).
If p = $0., we will give the DVD players
358
Homework 11.6
9. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
c2 =
19.
( 2) +( 5)
2
d=
c2 = 2 + 5
= 12.25 + 51.84
c= 7
= 64.09
8.01
11. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
c 2 = 212 + 7 2
21.
c = 441 + 49
= 176.3053
13.28
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 0 )2 + ( y 0 )2 = 52
= 16 + 4
= 20
x 2 + y 2 = 25
4.47
15.
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 0 )2 + ( y 0 )2 = 6.7 2
( 4 ( 3 ) ) + ( 2 5 )
2
= 7 2 + ( 3 )
x 2 + y 2 = 44.89
= 49 + 9
= 58
7.62
17.
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 5 )2 + ( y 3)2 = 22
( x 5 )2 + ( y 3)2 = 4
( 4, 1) and ( 1, 5)
d=
= 31.5844 + 144.7209
c = 7 10
= 4 +2
= 5.62 2 + 12.032
c = 490
c 2 = 490
d=
= 3.52 + ( 7.2 )
c2 = 7
13.
(1 (4 )) + ( 5 ( 1))
2
= 32 + ( 4 )
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
= 9 + 16
2
( x ( 2 )) + ( y 1)2 = 42
= 25
=5
( x + 2 )2 + ( y 1)2 = 16
359
Homework 11.6
31. C ( 7, 3) and r = 3
r 2 = 16
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x (7 )) + ( y ( 3))
2
r = 16
r=4
( 3)
( x + 7 )2 + ( y + 3)2 = 3
33. x 2 + y 2 = 25
r 2 = 25
39.
r = 25
r =5
( x + 6 )2 + ( y 1)2 = 7
2
( x ( 6 )) + ( y 1)2 = (
41.
r= 8
( x + 3)2 + ( y + 2 )2 = 1
( x ( 3)) + ( y ( 2 ))
2
r=2 2
= 12
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2 .
The center is C ( 3, 2 ) and the radius is
x
4
( x 3)
r= 7.
37.
35. x 2 + y 2 = 8
+ ( y 5 ) = 16
The equation is in the form
2
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2 .
The center is C ( 6,1) and the radius is
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2 .
The center is ( h, k ) or C (3,5 ) and
360
r =1.
Homework 11.6
( x 2 )2 + ( y 3)2 = 9
( x 5 )2 + ( y 6 )2 = 9
c2 = a2 + b2
c 2 = 52 + 20 2
c 2 = 25 + 400
c 2 = 425
c = 425
c 20.62
The ladder must be approximately 20.62 feet
long.
(5, 3)
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = 42
( x 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = 16
b = 713071
b = 713071
b 844.44
a + b + c = 465 + 844.44 + 964
= 2273.44
The total distance of the road trip would be
approximately 2273.44 miles.
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
2
57. a.
= 32
( x 1)2 + ( y + 2 )2 = 9
49. The radius is the distance from the center to any
point on the circle. The distance between
C (3, 2 ) and (5, 6 ) is given by:
d=
(5 3 )
= 2 +4
a 2 + b2 = c 2
( x 1)2 + ( y ( 2 ))
b.
+ (6 2 )
= 4 + 16
= 20
59. a.
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
20
The radius is r = 20 .
The equation of the circle is
( x 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = (
( x 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = 20
361
a = k,b = k
b.
3.
c2 = a2 + b2
2
c = k +k
d=
4.
c=k 2
= 49
c=k 2
=7
5=k 2
5. C ( 3, 2 ) and r = 6
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
2
2
2
( x ( 3)) + ( y 2 )2 = 62
( x + 3)2 + ( y 2 )2 = 36
5 2
k=
2
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 0 )2 + ( y 0 )2 = 2.82
1. a = 4, c = 8
a2 + b2 = c2
2
4 +b =8
x 2 + y 2 = 7.84
7. x 2 + y 2 = 12
16 + b 2 = 64
b 2 = 48
b = 48
b=4 3
r 2 = 12
r = 12
r=2 3
2. b = 16, c = 19
2
2
( 4 (3)) + (2 2 )2
= 7 2 + 02
=3 2
( 3, 2 ) and ( 4, 2)
d=
c=k 2
k=
= 41
c = 2 k2
k=
(3 (2 )) + (1 ( 5))
= 25 + 16
c = 2k 2
d.
and (3, 1)
= 52 + 4 2
c 2 = 2k 2
c.
( 2, 5)
a +b = c
a 2 + 16 2 = 19 2
a 2 + 256 = 361
a 2 = 105
4
4
a = 105
a 10.25
The height of the screen is about 10.25 inches.
362
Homework 11.7
8.
Homework 11.7
( x + 4 )2 + ( y 3)2 = 25
2
( x ( 4 )) + ( y 3)2 = 52
1.
x2 y2
+
=1
36 9
a 2 = 36, a = 6
x-intercepts: ( 6, 0 ) , (6, 0 )
b 2 = 9, b = 3
y-intercepts: (0, 3) , (0,3)
12
4
12
9. C ( 2, 1)
(4 2)
3.
+ (7 ( 1))
x2 y2
+
=1
4 36
a 2 = 4, a = 2
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
= 2 2 + 82
= 4 + 64
b 2 = 36, b = 6
y-intercepts: (0, 6 ) , (0, 6 )
= 68
The equation of the circle is
( x h )2 + ( y k )2 = r 2
( x 2 )2 + ( y ( 1))
68
( x 2 )2 + ( y + 1)2 = 68
( x + 2) + y = 4
( x 3)2 + y 2 = 9
2
5.
a 2 = 100, a = 10
(0, 0)
4
x2 y2
+
=1
100 16
b 2 = 16, b = 4
4
8
363
Homework 11.7
7.
25 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 100
2
25 x
4y
100
+
=
100 100 100
x2 y2
+
=1
4 25
a 2 = 4, a = 2
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
b 2 = 25, b = 5
13.
x 2 25 y 2 25
+
=
25
25
25
2
2
x
y
+
=1
25 1
a 2 = 25, a = 5
2
4
x 2 + 25 y 2 = 25
x-intercepts: ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 )
b 2 = 1, b = 1
9.
9 x 2 + 100 y 2 = 900
9 x 2 100 y 2 900
+
=
900
900
900
2
2
x
y
+
=1
100 9
a 2 = 100, a = 10
b 2 = 9, b = 3
15.
5 x 2 16 y 2 80
+
=
80
80
80
x2 y2
+
=1
16 5
a 2 = 16, a = 4
5 x 2 + 16 y 2 = 80
x-intercepts: ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 )
b 2 = 5, b = 5
11.
x 2 + y 2 = 36
2
)(
y-intercepts: 0, 5 , 0, 5
x
y
36
+
=
36 36 36
x2 y2
+
=1
36 36
a 2 = 36, a = 6
x-intercepts: ( 6, 0 ) , (6, 0 )
2
4
b = 36, b = 6
364
Homework 11.7
17. 16 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 1
x2
y2
+
=1
1/16 1/ 25
1
1
a2 = , a =
16
4
1 1
x-intercepts: , 0 , , 0
4 4
1
1
b2 = , b =
25
5
1 1
y-intercepts: 0, , 0,
5 5
2
4
23.
x2 y 2
=1
25 81
a 2 = 25, a = 5
x-intercepts: ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 )
b 2 = 81, b = 9
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 ) , ( 0, 9 ) , and ( 0,9 ) , and
19.
x
y
=1
16 4
a = 16, a = 4
x-intercepts: ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 )
25.
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
b 2 = 16, b = 4
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , (0, 4 ) , and (0, 4 ) , and
21.
16 x 2 4 y 2 = 64
16 x 2 4 y 2 64
=
64
64 64
x2 y 2
=1
4 16
a 2 = 4, a = 2
b 2 = 4, b = 2
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 ) , (0, 2 ) , and (0, 2 ) , and
y 2 x2
=1
16 25
b 2 = 16, b = 4
8
8
365
Homework 11.7
27.
x2 9 y2 = 9
2
a 2 = 16, a = 4
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 ) , (0, 1) , and ( 0,1) , and
then sketch the inclined asymptotes.
x
9y
9
=
9
9
9
2
2
x
y
=1
9
1
a 2 = 9, a = 3
x-intercepts: ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 )
b 2 = 1, b = 1
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 ) , (0, 1) , and (0,1) , and then
33.
25 x 2 7 y 2 175
=
175 175 175
x2 y2
=1
7 25
a 2 = 7, a = 7
29.
y2 x2 = 4
2
25 x 2 7 y 2 = 175
y
x
4
=
4
4 4
2
y
x2
=1
4
4
b 2 = 4, b = 2
b = 25, b = 5
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
)(
points 7, 0 ,
7, 0 , ( 0, 5 ) , and ( 0, 5 ) ,
a 2 = 4, a = 2
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , (0, 2 ) , and (0, 2 ) , and
then sketch the inclined asymptotes.
31.
7, 0
)(
x-intercepts: 7, 0 ,
16 y 2 x 2 = 16
16 y 2 x 2 16
=
16
16 16
y2 x2
=1
1 16
b 2 = 1, b = 1
366
Homework 11.7
35.
x2 y2
+
=1
64 4
Ellipse
a 2 = 64, a = 8
8
4
x-intercepts: ( 8, 0 ) , (8, 0 )
b 2 = 4, b = 2
41. x 2 + y 2 = 1
x2 y2
+
=1
1
1
Circle
a 2 = 1, a = 1
x-intercepts: ( 1, 0 ) , (1, 0 )
2
b 2 = 1, b = 1
37. x y = 1
x2 y 2
=1
1
1
Hyperbola
a 2 = 1, a = 1
x-intercepts: ( 1, 0 ) , (1, 0 )
43.
39.
81x 2 + 49 y 2 = 3969
2
9 y 2 4 x 2 = 144
9 y 2 4 x 2 144
=
144 144 144
y2 x2
=1
16 36
Hyperbola
b 2 = 16, b = 4
b 2 = 1, b = 1
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 1, 0 ) , (1, 0 ) , ( 0, 1) , and (0,1) , and then
a 2 = 36, a = 6
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 6, 0 ) , (6, 0 ) , ( 0, 4 ) , and (0, 4 ) , and
then sketch the inclined asymptotes.
81x
49 y
3969
+
=
3969 3969 3969
x2 y2
+
=1
49 81
Ellipse
a 2 = 49, a = 7
x-intercepts: ( 7, 0 ) , ( 7, 0 )
b 2 = 81, b = 9
8
8
367
Homework 11.7
45.
x2 y 2
=1
25 25
Hyperbola
a 2 = 25, a = 5
x-intercepts: ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 )
2
2
b = 25, b = 5
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 5, 0 ) , (5, 0 ) , ( 0, 5) , and (0,5 ) , and
51.
9 x 2 9 y 2 = 81
9 x 2 9 y 2 81
=
81
81 81
x2 y 2
=1
9
9
Hyperbola
a 2 = 9, a = 3
x-intercepts: ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 )
47. x 2 + y 2 = 16
b 2 = 9, b = 3
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 ) , (0, 3) , and ( 0,3) , and
then sketch the inclined asymptotes.
x2 y2
+
=1
16 16
Circle
a 2 = 16, a = 4
x-intercepts: ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 )
b = 16, b = 4
4
4
2
2
2
49.
53. a.
i.
x2 y2
+
=1
c
d
x2 y2
+
=1
4 16
Ellipse
a 2 = 4, a = 2
4 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 64
4 x 2 4 y 2 64
+
=
64
64 64
x2 y2
+
=1
16 16
Circle
a 2 = 16, a = 4
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
b 2 = 16, b = 4
x-intercepts: ( 4, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 )
b 2 = 16, b = 4
368
Homework 11.7
ii.
Circle
a 2 = 4, a = 2
x2 y2
+
=1
c
d
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
x2 y 2
=1
4 16
Hyperbola
a 2 = 4, a = 2
b 2 = 4, b = 2
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
b 2 = 16, b = 4
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains
the points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , ( 0, 4 ) , and
asymptotes.
y
b.
iii.
x2 y2
+
=1
c
d
x2 y2
+
= 1 is an ellipse. The
4 81
graph fails the vertical line test.
y 2 x2
=1
16 4
Hyperbola
b 2 = 16, b = 4
57. a.
5
4 x2
2
The square root of a nonnegative number is
a nonnegative real number and the square
root of a negative number is an imaginary
5
5
number. Since
is positive,
4 x 2 is
2
2
nonnegative for real values of y. Thus,
y 0 for real number values of y.
y=
b.
y
4
x
4
iv.
x
y
+
=1
c
d
x2 y2
+
=1
4
4
369
=1
a
b2
To keep the ellipses from intersecting, we
increase the value of a and b for each equation.
Some possible equations:
2
2.
y 2 x2
=1
49 9
b 2 = 49, b = 7
y-intercepts: (0, 7 ) , ( 0, 7 )
a 2 = 9, a = 3
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 ) , (0, 7 ) , and (0, 7 ) , and
x
y
x
y
+
= 1, +
= 1,
1
4
4
9
x2 y2
x2 y2
+
= 1, +
= 1,
9 16
16 25
x2 y2
+
=1
25 36
3.
r2
x2
2
+
+
y2
r2
y2
2
r2
r2
4 x 2 y 2 = 16
x-intercepts: ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 )
=1
b 2 = 16, b = 4
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
points ( 2, 0 ) , ( 2, 0 ) , (0, 4 ) , and (0, 4 ) , and
r
r
Ellipse
Since a 2 = b 2 = r 2 , it is also a circle. (Note that
all circles are ellipses just as all squares are
rectangles.)
x2 y2
+
=1
9 25
a 2 = 9, a = 3
x-intercepts: ( 3, 0 ) , (3, 0 )
b 2 = 25, b = 5
4 x 2 y 2 16
=
16 16 16
x2 y 2
=1
4 16
a 2 = 4, a = 2
x2 + y2 = r 2
x2
61.
370
4.
16 x 2 + 3 y 2 = 48
16 x 2 3 y 2 48
+
=
48
48 48
x2 y2
+
=1
3 16
a 2 = 3, a = 3
)(
x-intercepts: 3, 0 ,
3, 0
b 2 = 16, b = 4
7.
x2 y2
+
=1
5 14
a 2 = 5, a = 5
)(
x-intercepts: 5, 0 ,
b 2 = 14, b = 14
5
5.
5, 0
)(
y-intercepts: 0, 14 , 0, 14
y
x
y
=1
8
3
a = 8, a = 2 2
)(
x-intercepts: 2 2, 0 , 2 2, 0
(
)(
)(
)
(0, 3 ) , and then sketch the inclined
8.
x 2 + 9 y 2 = 81
x 2 9 y 2 81
+
=
81 81 81
x2 y2
+
=1
81 9
a 2 = 81, a = 9
asymptotes.
y
points 2 2, 0 , 2 2, 0 , 0, 3 , and
b 2 = 3, b = 3
Sketch a dashed rectangle that contains the
x-intercepts: ( 9, 0 ) , (9,0 )
b 2 = 9, b = 3
6.
4 y 4 x = 16
4 y 2 4 x 2 16
=
16
16 16
y 2 x2
=1
4
4
b 2 = 4, b = 2
8
8
Homework 11.8
3. y = x 2 + 1
y = x + 3
x2 y 2
= 1 is a hyperbola.
9
4
The graph fails the vertical line test.
(2, 5)
x2
y2
intercepts has the form 2 +
= 1 . Three
9
a
possibilities: let a = 1, 2, and 4 .
(1, 2)
4
x2 y2
+
=1
4
9
x2 y2
+
=1
16 9
x2 + x 2 = 0
( x + 2 )( x 1) = 0
x + 2 = 0 or x 1 = 0
1. x + y = 25
x = 2 or x = 1
Let x = 2 and x = 1 in y = x + 3 and solve
for y.
y = ( 2 ) + 3
y = (1) + 3
4 x + 25 y = 100
y
4
(5, 0)
(5, 0)
2
= 2+3
= 1 + 3
=5
=2
The solutions are ( 2,5 ) and (1, 2 ) .
5. y = x 2 2
y = x2 + 6
4 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 100
(2, 2)
(2, 2)
21 y = 0
2
y =0
y=0
x2 + 1 = x + 3
Homework 11.8
x2 y2
+
=1
1
9
x + 0 = 25
2
x = 25
x = 5
The solutions are ( 5, 0 ) and (5, 0 ) .
372
Homework 11.8
y = x2 + 6
x 2 + y 2 = 25
x2 2 = x2 + 6
x 2 + ( x 1) = 25
2
2 x2 = 8
x 2 + x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 25
x2 = 4
2 x 2 + 2 x 24 = 0
x = 2
Let x = 2 and x = 2 in y = x 2 2 and solve
for y.
y = ( 2 ) 2
2
x 2 + x 12 = 0
( x + 4 )( x 3) = 0
x + 4 = 0 or x 3 = 0
y = (2) 2
2
= 42
x = 4 or x = 3
Let x = 4 and x = 3 in y = x 1 and solve
for y.
y = ( 4 ) 1
y = (3 ) 1
= 42
=2
=2
The solutions are ( 2, 2 ) and ( 2, 2 ) .
= 4 1
7. x 2 + y 2 = 49
= 3 1
=3
= 4
The solutions are ( 4,3) and (3, 4 ) .
x 2 + y 2 = 16
y
11. y 2 x 2 = 16
y + x2 = 4
8
(3, 5)
9. x 2 + y 2 = 25
y = x 1
y + x2 = 4
y 2 + y = 20
y 2 + y 20 = 0
( y + 5 )( y 4 ) = 0
4
0 = 33 False
There is no solution.
(3, 5)
x 2 y 2 = 16
(4, 3)
(0, 4)
y + 5 = 0 or y 4 = 0
y = 5 or y = 4
Let y = 5 and y = 4 in y + x 2 = 4 and solve
for x.
5 + x 2 = 4
4 + x2 = 4
(3, 4)
x2 = 9
x2 = 0
x = 3
x=0
The solutions are ( 3, 5) , (3, 5) , and (0, 4 ) .
373
Homework 11.8
9 x2 + y2 = 9
13. 25 x 2 9 y 2 = 225
9 x 2 + (3 x + 3 ) = 9
2
4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36
y
9 x 2 + 9 x 2 + 18 x + 9 = 9
18 x 2 + 18 x = 0
(3, 0)
18 x ( x + 1) = 0
18 x = 0 or x + 1 = 0
(3, 0)
x = 0 or x = 1
Let x = 0 and x = 1 in y = 3 x + 3 and solve
for y.
y = 3 (0 ) + 3
y = 3 ( 1) + 3
= 0+3
4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36
29 x 2 = 261
17.
x2 = 9
4 ( 3 ) + 9 y 2 = 36
4 (3 ) + 9 y 2 = 36
36 + 9 y 2 = 36
36 + 9 y 2 = 36
9 y2 = 0
y =0
y=0
16 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 225
11 y 2 = 81
81
11
Since y 2 cannot be negative (in the real number
system), there is no solution.
y2 =
(0, 3)
(1, 0)
4
y =0
y=0
9 y2 = 0
4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36
16 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 225
x = 3
Let x = 3 and x = 3 in 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36 and
solve for y.
2
= 3 + 3
=3
=0
The solutions are (0,3) and ( 1, 0 ) .
19. y = x 3
y = x 1
2
4
374
2
(1, 2)
Homework 11.8
solve for y.
the system.
Solve using substitution.
Substitute x 3 for y in the second equation.
y = x 1
y= 3
y=
( 3)
= 32
=1
x = x + 2
( x)
= 32
=1
x 3 = x 1
2
3,1 .
23. 25 y 2 4 x 2 = 100
= ( x + 2 )
9 x2 + y2 = 9
y
x = x2 4 x + 4
x2 5x + 4 = 0
( x 4 )( x 1) = 0
(0.74, 2.02)
x 4 = 0 or x 1 = 0
(0.74, 2.02)
x = 4 or x = 1
Let x = 4 and x = 1 in y = x 3 and solve for
y.
y = 4 3
y = 13
(0.74, 2.02)
(0.74, 2.02)
= 23
= 1 3
= 1
= 2
Check each result in y = x 1 .
1 = ( 4 ) 1
2 = 1 1
1 = 5 False 2 = 2 True
The only solution is (1, 2 ) .
y 2 = 9 9 x2
Substitute 9 9x 2 for y 2 in the first equation.
21. y = 2 x 2 5
25 y 2 4 x 2 = 100
25 9 9 x 2 4 x 2 = 100
y = x 2
229 x 2 = 125
125
x2 =
229
4
( 3 , 1)
( 3 , 1)
x=
125
0.74
229
3,1
9 ( 0.74 ) + y 2 = 9
2
y 2 = 4.07
y = 4.07 2.02
y = x2 2
9 ( 0.74 ) + y = 9
2
2 x2 5 = x2 2
y 2 = 4.07
x2 = 3
y = 4.07 2.02
x= 3
375
Homework 11.8
25. 25 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 225
y
(2.23, 3.31)
9 ( 3 ) + y 2 = 85
9 (3) + y 2 = 85
81 + y 2 = 85
81 + y 2 = 85
x 2 + y 2 = 16
y2 = 4
(2.25, 3.31)
(2.25, 3.31) 4
y2 = 4
y = 2
2
5
y = 2
(2.25, 3.31)
equations.
29. y = 2 x 2 5 x 11
y = x 2 3x + 4
Solve using substitution.
Substitute 2 x 2 5 x 11 for y in the second
equation.
y = x 2 3x + 4
9 x 2 9 y 2 = 144
16 x 2 = 81
2 x 2 5 x 11 = x 2 3 x + 4
81
16
9
x=
4
x = 2.25
x2 =
x 2 2 x 15 = 0
( x 5)( x + 3) = 0
x 5 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 5 or x = 3
( 2.25 )2 + y 2 = 16
y = (5 ) 3 (5 ) + 4
2
y = 10.9375
= 25 15 + 4
y = 3.31
y 2 = 10.9375
= 9+9+4
y = 3.31
31. y = x 2 3 x + 2
y = 2x 4
Solve using substitution.
Substitute 2 x 4 for y in the first equation.
= 14
= 22
The solutions are (5,14 ) and ( 3, 22 ) . Each
( 2.25 )2 + y 2 = 16
27.
y = ( 3 ) 3 ( 3 ) + 4
y = x 2 3x + 2
2x 3y = 6
Solve using elimination.
27 x 2 + 3 y 2 = 255
2 x 4 = x 2 3x + 2
x2 5 x + 6 = 0
( x 3)( x 2 ) = 0
2 x2 3 y 2 = 6
x 3 = 0 or x 2 = 0
29 x 2 = 261
x = 3 or x = 2
Let x = 3 and x = 2 in y = 2 x 4 and solve for
y.
x =9
x = 3
Let x = 3 and x = 3 in 9 x 2 + y 2 = 85 and
376
y = 2 (2 ) 4
= 6 4
= 44
=2
=0
The solutions are (3, 2 ) and ( 2, 0 ) . Each result
1. 9 x 2 + y 2 = 81
x2 + y 2 = 9
y
x + y = 25
33.
4 x 25 y 2 = 100
2
4 x + 25 y = 100
(5,0)
x
9 x 2 9 y 2 = 81
8 y2 = 0
y2 = 0
y=0
x2 + y2 = 9
x 2 + 02 = 9
x y = 16
x2 = 9
x = 3
The solutions are ( 3, 0 ) and (3, 0 ) .
37. 2 x 2 + cy 2 = 82
y = x 2 + dx + 5
Substitute (1, 4 ) into each equation.
2 (1) + c ( 4 ) = 82
2
8
8
(5,0)
(3,0)
(3,0)
2 + 16c = 82
16c = 80
2. y = x 2 2
y = 2 x + 1
4 = (1) + d (1) + 5
2
4 = 1+ d + 5
d = 2
(3,7)
c=5
2 4
(1, 1)
377
y = 2 x + 1
4. 25 x 2 4 y 2 = 100
x 2 = 2 x + 1
9 x2 + y2 = 9
x2 + 2 x 3 = 0
( x + 3)( x 1) = 0
x + 3 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x = 3 or x = 1
Let x = 3 and x = 1 in y = 2 x + 1 and solve
for y.
y = 2 ( 3 ) + 1
y = 2 (1) + 1
= 6 +1
= 2 + 1
225 x 2 25 y 2 = 225
3. y = x 2 + 3
61 y 2 = 675
y = x2 6 x + 9
675
61
2
Since y must be nonnegative (in the real
number system), there are no solutions to the
system. The solution set is the empty set, .
y2 =
8
(1, 4)
=7
= 1
The solutions are ( 3, 7 ) and (1, 1) .
5. x 2 y 2 = 16
x 2 + y 2 = 16
y = ( x + 4)
system.
Solve using substitution.
Substitute x 2 + 3 for y in the second equation.
y = x2 6 x + 9
x2 + 3 = x2 6 x + 9
(4, 0)
6x 6 = 0
x 1 = 0
x =1
= 1+ 3
=4
The solution is (1, 4 ) .
y = x2 + 5
378