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Untreated HIV
o Post-clinical latency constitutional symptoms opportunistic infections death
Infectious agent
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Toxoplasma gondii
Histoplasma
capsulatum
Mycobacterium avium
Cytomegalovirus
Cryptococcus
neoformans
Indication per
CD4+ cell count
(cells/L)
<200
<100
<100 (endemic
areas)
< 50
<50
<50
Prophylaxis
Lamivudine
Tenofovir
Emtricitabi
ne
Raltegravir
Darunavir
Adverse events
Elevated LFTs/lipase, hyperglycemia, headache, insomnia
Contraindicated in HLA-B*5701 when positive, rash, N/V, headache,
sleep disorder, fatigue, fever, MI, SJS, TEN, lactic acidosis, hepatic
dysfunction
Diarrhea, nausea, headache, cough, nasal symptoms, fever,
malaise/fatigue, fat maldistribution, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis,
hepatomegaly
Renal impairment, associated with reduction in bone density
Lactic acidosis, hyperpigmentation, rash, abdominal pain/ diarrhea,
N/V, infectious disease, asthenia, depression, rhinitis, fatigue, lactic
acidosis
Nausea, insomnia, headache, fatigue, SJS, TEN, hypersensitivity,
rhabdomyolysis, suicidal, renal failure
Nausea, diarrhea, increased transaminases, headache, and rash
Pre-exposure prophylaxis
o Fetal and infant chemoprophylaxis
o Protection of healthcare workers from accidental exposure to HIV
o Cases of rape
o High-risk postcoital
HIV exposure prophylaxis
Significant risk of
Two NRTIs and a
exposure
boosted-PI
Lower risk of exposure
Two NRTIs
References
1. Lexicomp Online, Pediatric & Neonatal Lexi-Drugs, Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp, Inc.;
August 13, 2015.
2. Maartens G, Celum C, Lewin S. HIV infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and
prevention. Lancet. 2014; 384(9939):258-71.
3. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of
antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and
Human Services. Available at
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf.