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Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

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08/16/2015

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

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MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Soil friction,
Soil cohesion, c
Unit weight of soil, b
Unit weight of reinforced concrete, c

=
27.6 degrees
= zero
=
17 kN/m
=
25 kN/m

DIMENSIONS OF RETAINING STRUCTURE


Height, H =
Wall :Thickness, w =
Height of bearing, Z =
Width, B =
Footing :Length, L =
Thickness, v =
Toe width, t =
Heel width, h =
Are Rankine criteria satisfied on virtual back? Is h

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/279731447.xls

4
0.25
5.5
4.25
1
0.4
1.5
2.5
2.422

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m?

Yes

08/16/2015

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

CHARACTERISTIC DESIGN ACTIONS


VARIABLE LOADS

Surcharge :-

Bridge Bearing :-

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(not factored)
over heel, qQstb,k =
beyond heel, qQdst,k =
QQstb,k = qQstb,k (B-t) =
Horizontal, HQb,k =
Vertical, VQb,k =

PERMANENT LOADS Bridge Bearing :Self Weight of :-

10 kPa
2 kPa
Forces
27.5 kN/m
0 kN/m
0 kN/m

Vertical, VGb,k =
68 kN/m
Stem, S = WGs,k =
25.0 kN/m
Footing, F = WGf,k =
42.5 kN/m
Fill over heel, WGh,k =
170.0 kN/m
ACTION EFFECTS ON VIRTUAL BACK
Earth Press. Coeft. Ka = 0.367
Variable :- surcharge, QQdst,k = KaqQdst,k(H+v) =
3.2 kN/m
Permanent :- soil weight, PG,k = Kab(H+v)/2 =
60.4 kN/m

Moments
about Fulcrum
Clockwise +ve
79.063 kN-m/m
0 kN-m/m
0 kN-m/m
110.5
40.6
90.3
510.0

kN-m/m
kN-m/m
kN-m/m
kN-m/m

-7.1 kN-m/m
-88.5 kN-m/m

Total Permanent Vertical Load, VG,k=WG,k+VGb,k=


305.5 kN/m
751.4 kN-m/m
Eccentricity from centre of footing of VG,k with PG,k ; emin = -0.045 m
Sum of all Vertical Loads, VG,k+VQb,k+QQstb,k =
Sum of all Horizontal Forces, PG,k+QQdst,k+HQb,k =
Eccentricity (all Action Effects) from centre of footing;

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/279731447.xls

333.0 kN/m
830.5 kN-m/m
63.6 kN/m
-95.6 kN-m/m
emax = -0.082 m

08/16/2015

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

PARTIAL FACTORS
Comb.1 Comb.2
Materials M1
M2
On Tan ,
=
1
1.25
Actions
Permanent, G =
G,fav =
Variable, Q =

A1
1.35
1
1.5

A2
1
1
1.3

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DESIGN VALUES
M1
M2
d = 27.6
22.7 degrees
Ka = 0.367
0.443 ratio

Vd=GVG,k+Q(QQstb,k+VQb,k)=
Vd,fav = G,favWGk =
Pd = GPG,k =
Qd = QKaqdst,k(H+v) =

A1
453.7
237.5
81.5
4.8

Moment of Pd = Pd(H+v)/3 = -119.5


Moment of Qd = Qd(H+v)/2 = -10.7

A2
341.3
237.5
72.9
5.1

kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

-107.0 kN-m/m
-11.2 kN-m/m

N.B. these moments are anti-clockwise about fulcrum and therefore negative.

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08/16/2015

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

Page 5 of 6

CHECK STABILITY WITH MINIMUM LOAD OVER FOOTING : Vb = Hb = q stb = zero


Coefficient of friction (concrete on soil), =Tan
Assume d = d for cast insitu footing (no plastic sheet)
A1
A2
Sum of Horizontal Action Effects, Pd+Qd = HEd,dst =
86.3
78.0 kN/m
Frictional resistance against sliding, HRd = Vd,fav Tan d = 124.2
99.3 kN/m
For sliding:Degree of utilisation GEO,1 = H Ed,dst/HRd =
70%
79%
Overturning action effect, MPd + MQd = MEd,dst =
Restoring action effect, MRd,fav = G,fav(Moments of WG,k) =
For overturning:- Degree of utilisation GEO,1 = MEd,dst/MRd,fav =
Eccentricity from centre of footing:B 2 (MRd

-118.1 kN-m/m
640.9 kN-m/m
18%

e = B/2 M/V
+ MEd,dst) V
d,fav = -0.026 -0.076 m

Equivalent footing width, Ref. Meyerhof G (1963), B' = B-2e =


Equivalent bearing pressure = Vd,fav/B' =

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/279731447.xls

-130.2
640.9
20%

4.301
55.2

4.403 m
53.9 kPa

08/16/2015

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

CHECK STABILITY WITH MAXIMUM LOAD OVER FOOTING


Total horizontal action effect, Pd+Qd+QHQb,k = HEd,dst =
Frictional resistance against sliding, HRd = Vd * Tan =
For sliding:Degree of utilisation GEO,1 = H Ed,dst/HRd =

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A1
86.3
237.2
36%

Overturning action effect, MPd + MQd + QHQb,k(Z+v) = MEd,dst = -130.2


Restoring action effect, MRd = 1133.0
Degree of utilization GEO,1 = MEd,dst / MEd,stb =
11%
Eccentricity from centre of footing, e= B/2 (MRd + MEd,dst) Vd = -0.086
B' = B-2e = 4.421
Equivalent bearing pressure = Vd,fav/B' = 102.6

A2
78.0 kN/m
142.7 kN/m
55%
-118.1
854.2
14%
-0.032
4.314
79.1

kN-m/m
m
m
kPa

Bowles (1997) Tables 4-1 & 4-3 after Meyerhof (1963)


CHECK BEARING CAPACITY
qult = cNcscdcic+qq Nqsqdqiq+ 0.5bB'Nsdi
where c=0 & qq =
6.8
kPa
Nq=e(Tand)Tan(45+d/2) = 14.089 8.3957
Shape Factors:sq=1+(B'/L) Sin(d)

A1
A2
2.6606 2.4156

sc=(sq*Nq-1)/(Nq-1)
s=10.3*B/L

2.7875 2.6071
-0.0625 -0.0625

N=2(Nq -1)Tan(d) = 13.685 6.1862


= Tan-1(HEd,dst Vd,fav) = 10.773 12.875 degrees

Kp =
dq = d = 1+0.1Kp(D/B) =
iq = (1-/90) =
i = (1-/) =
qult =
Degree of utilization GEO,1 = q'/qult =

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/279731447.xls

2.7264
1.0155
0.7749
0.3717
269.52
38%

2.2565
1.0141
0.7344
0.1873
85.601 kPa
92%

08/16/2015

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