Etabs Flowchart:

i. Structural Analysis
1.0Set the unit: click at the lower right, use KN-m
2.0Model Initialization: NO (to use the built-in Etabs Default)
1.1Grid Dimension (click Custom Grid Spacing to edit)
1.2Story Dimension (click Custom Story Data to edit)
3.0Define
3.1Material Property Name
b. Click Conc Modify/Show Material
Particular
Units Used
Type of Material

Remarks
KN-m
Isotropic (usually used
for RC and steel)

Concrete comp. strength, fc

Bending Reinf. Yield Stress, Fy
Shear Reinf. Yield Stress, Fy
Mass per Unit Volume
Weight per Unit Volume
Modulus of Elasticity

= 4730 x sqrt (fc

inMPa) x 1000

Poissons Ratio
Coeff. of Thermal Expansion

Example Value
KN-m
Isotropic
27579
413685
275730
2.4007
23.5616
24821128
0.2
9.900E-0.6

*Conversion from concrete cube (fcu) to cylinder strength (fc) using

LHermite formula:
fc = 0.76 + 0.2 log (fcu / 2840) where: fcu in psi
example:

fcu = 40MPa = 5801.51psi

therefore:

fc = 0.822 * fcu = 32.88MPa

3.2Frame Section
a. Click Add Rectangular (arrow down the second dialog box at the
right ), then click Modify/Show Material
b. Modify Concrete Reinforcement (There are two tabs in the
reinforcement data dialog box. They are labeled column and beam.
Pick the tab that corresponds to the frame section you are defining.)
For beams: input As (area of steel reinf.) at reinforcement
overrides for ductile beams for investigation. Otherwise,
leave it at default values, 0
c. Set Property Modifier: Input modification factor for moment of
inertia (for crack section, usually 0.7 for columns & 0.5 for beams)
3.3Wall/Slab/Deck Section
a. Click Add Deck or Wall or Slab (arrow down the dialog box at the
right ), then click Modify/Show Material
b. Type thickness for membrane and bending (same thickness)

c. Choose the type to be used:

Click Shell Type Behavior (Out-plane stiffness is provided for
the section) usually used for cantilever slabs and walls
Click Membrane Type Behavior (Only in-plane membrane
stiffness is provided for the section) usually used for slab
Click Plate Type Behavior (Combination of Out-plane and inplane stiffness is provided for the section)
4.0For Dynamic Analysis: Define Response Spectrum Function define UBC97 &
add UBC97 Spectrum
5.0Define Static Load Case Name
Load

Type

Dead
Live
EQX
EQY

Dead
Live
Quake
Quake

Self Wt.
Multiplier
1
0
0
0

Auto Lat.
Load
UBC97
UBC97

5.1Choose EQX then click Modify Lateral Load

5.2Direction & Eccentricity =
X-dir. + Eccen Y
Particular

UBC
Reference

Eccentricity Ratio
Time Period

1630.2.2

Story Range
Overstrength
Factor, R
Seismic
Coefficient:
Soil Profile
Seismic Zone
Factor
Near Source
Factor
Distance to
Source (Km)
Importance
Factor, I

16-N

Constant
0.05
Steel = 0.035
RC = 0.030
Other = 0.020
Top Most level to
Ground Floor only
SMRF for Steel &
RC = 8.5
Per Code

NSCP
Reference
208.5.2.2

208-11

Constant
0.05
Steel = 0.0853
RC = 0.0731
Other = 0.0488
Top Most level to
Ground Floor only
SMRF for Steel &
RC = 8.5
Per Code

16-J
16-I

SC
0.4

208-2
208-3

SC
0.4

16-U

208-6

10
16-K

10
208-1

5.3Choose EQY then click Modify Lateral Load

5.4Direction & Eccentricity =
Y-dir. + Eccen X
5.5Copy constant used for EQX

6.0For Dynamic Analysis: Define

6.1add new spectrum
Mark
Spectrum Case Name
Damping
Modal Combination
Directional Combination
Input Response Spectra
Excitation Angle
Override Eccentricity

Response Spectrum Case Data

x-direction
Specx
0.05
CQC
SRSS
U1 = 1 (scale factor)
0
0

y-direction
Specy
0.05
CQC
SRSS
U2 = 1 (scale factor)
0
0

7.0Load Combination (ultimate design due to earthquake based on NSCP)

7.1Based on NSCP:
Comb1:
1.4DL
Comb2:
1.4DL + 1.7LL
Comb3:
1.3DL + 1.1LL + 1.1EQX
Comb4:
1.3DL + 1.1LL - 1.1EQX
Comb5:
1.3DL + 1.1LL + 1.1EQY
Comb6:
1.3DL + 1.1LL - 1.1EQY
Comb7:
1.42DL + 1.0LL + 1.0EQX
Comb8:
1.42DL + 1.0LL - 1.0EQX
Comb9:
1.42DL + 1.0LL + 1.0EQY
Comb10: 1.42DL + 1.0LL - 1.0EQY
7.2Based on UBC97:
cas
DL
LL
e
1
1.40
1.70
2
1.40
1.70
3
1.05
1.275
4
1.05
1.275
5
1.40
6
1.32
0.55
7
1.20
0.5
Where:

LLr

WL

1.70
1.70
1.275
1.275
0.5

1.70
1.40
1.30
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.40
1.10
1.54
1.30
DL = deadload
LL = liveload
LLr = roof liveload
E = earthquake
WL = windload
H = Earth pressure
T = effects due to creep, shrinkage, thermal
gradients and differential settlement
F = fluid loads
Where dead and live load are beneficial, the following shall apply:
cas
DL
LL
LLr
E
WL
H
T
F
e
2R
0.90
1.70
1.40
3R
0.90
1.30
6R
0.90
1.10
-

8.0Special Seismic Load Effect (check reliability /redundancy factor)

8.1Rho Factor reliability /redundancy factor choose program calculated
8.2Omega factor 2.8
9.0Define Mass Source
9.1From Loads define mass multiplier (DL &SDL = 1)
9.2Uncheck include lateral mass only
9.3Checked Lump lateral mass at story levels
10.0 Draw & Assigned
10.1 Column (elev. view - easier to draw)
10.2 Column check column orientation in plan view
If adjustment is needed select columns at elev. view, click
Assign, Frame/Line, Local Axes and type the desire angle
10.3 Wall (elev. view - easier to draw)
10.4 Joint/Point Restraint (support) fixed (click joint at base level for
footing Support columns & walls)
10.5 Shell/Area Pier Label (for design of walls)
10.6 Beams & Girders (plan view easier to draw)
10.7 Frame line Frame Releases/Partial Fixity check Moment 2-2 & 3-3
for pin connection (intermediate beams)
10.8 Slab (plan view easier to draw) - please ensure proper meshing, as
much as possible use only 3 to 4 point nodes in modelling slabs
element.
10.9 Assigned Diaphragm Select all elements (plan view per floor)
Assign\Shell/Area\Rigid Diaphragm, select D1
11.0 Assigned Loads
11.1 Select area assign shell/area loads - uniform
11.2 Select line assign frame/line loads point or uniform loads
11.3 Select point assign joint/point load joint forces
12.0 Analyze set analysis option
12.1 Building Active Degrees of Freedom checked full 3D
12.2 Check Dynamic Analysis if applicable
12.2.1Dynamic Parameters used Eigenvectors
12.2.2No.of modes - check if structure is 90% participated for
static
12.3 P-Delta effect - check if applicable
13.0 Analyze check model checked all boxes for checking
14.0 Run Analysis
15.0 Verify Analysis - File Last Analysis Run Log check for warnings messages
16.0 Check graph of storyshear, Display Show Story Response Plots choose
Story Shears. Curve should be gradual curve
17.0 Check period, T:
File Print Tables Summary Reports scroll down Modal Period and
Frequencies, T for mode 1 should be </+ 5secs.
18.0 Check Mode Shape:
18.1 File Print Tables Summary Reports scroll down Modal
Participating Mass Ratios Rotation for Mode 1 and 2 should be
minimal.
18.2 Check movement at plan view, at the upper most level: Display
Show Mode Shape rotation should not occur on Mode 1 and 2

19.0 Check modal participation, static should be at least 90% participated

File Print Table Summary Report scroll down from Modal Load
Participation Ratios
20.0 Modify scale factor for dynamic analysis:
20.1 File Print Table Summary Report scroll down - from Total Reactive
Forces (Recovered Loads) @ Origin, compare the following:
Quake X versus SpecX (FX)
Quake Y versus SpecY (FY)
Quake X versus SpecXY (FX)
Quake Y versus SpecXY (FY)
20.2 Compute scale factor
Scale factor-1 = Quake X / Spec X
Scale factor-2 = Quake Y / Spec Y
20.3 Adjust scale factor
A . Define Response Spectrum Case SpecX - Modify /show
Spectrum change scale factor as computed above
B. Define Response Spectrum Case SpecY - Modify /show
Spectrum change scale factor as computed above
Note: Upon adjustment of scale factor, Static (Quake) should be almost
equal with Dynamic (Spec)
21.0 Check story drift
File Print Tables Summary Reports scroll down Story Drift
i. Concrete Frame Design

1.0 Design Concrete Frame Design Select Design Combo choose the desire
load combination to be used for design, used the add or remove icon to
choose.
2.0 Design Concrete Frame Design Start Design/Check of Structure
3.0 Design Concrete Frame Design Display Design Info
Longitudinal Reinforcing defined as As in mm 2:
# rebars = As / As1 where As1 = area of one reinf. bar in mm2
Shear Reinforcing defined as As/meter in mm2/m:
Spacing, s = As1/As where As1 = area of one reinf. bar in mm2
Torsion Reinforcing

4.0