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of a energyYoungs Modulus
=E
Is the work done
in changing
material by a force
the length
Compression: The squashing
of of the material
F
L
volume =
=E
a material by a force Strain energy/unit
A
L
area
under stress-strain
Shearing: Caused by two
forces
graph
acting in opposite directions
E=
Strain energy = strain
Bending: under both tension
force.
E=k=
L g=2.1 10 N
F=3
5000 cos 30 +2A10
The stress at the breaking
point
Static
under stress.
Sum of torques
and forces
arecompression,
Struts:
under
E
depends
only
on the properties
must
be
rigid.
zero
or the material itself; k depends
Ties: May
or flexible,
andbeofrigid
Composite Material At both translational
on the nature
the material as
rotational
equilibrium
Reinforce the weak properties.
Arch-Lower
surface
of arch under
well as length
and thickness.
Brittle
Not accelerating
or
moving
compression. Has property that
Only has elastic region.
F=0 &
transfers=0
forces into nearly
Increase strength elastic
vertical components at support
behaviour stress exceeds
pillars. Need buttressing at end to
elastic limit materialDynamic
breaks
balance horizontal force
e.g China, glass
All forces are balanced but
components.
Has little or no plastic region
still has velocity.
T=Tensile
C=Compressive
Cast iron: Brittle; Weak T, Strong C
Ductile
Concrete: Weak T; Strong C
Exceeds elastic limit when it
Steel: Strong T, Weak C
fractures undergoes plastic
Carbon fibre: Strong T; No C
deformation.
Marble/Granite: No T; Strong C
Undergoes of plastic
Bone: Weak T; Strong C
2T =2.89
10
=BD=Compression
CD=BC=AC=CE=Tensio
Tension is n
greater at P and
compression
is greater at R
Beam=4,000kg
Beam has no fixed connection with
the two pillars.
-Max load that can be placed at
point Z (concentrated at end)
Lamp=20kg
without the beam tilting
Magnitude
of force of cable AB
F =0
x
F AB L
200
L=
Pivot=
point
Y
tan30
W
2=W
Rod=10kg
F AB
=200
tan 30
=115 N
beam
Z 4
20 10 3+10 10 1.5=4 S
40,000 2=m 10 4
SR=187.5 N
m=2,000 kg
Torque
Choose a point
Draw the perpendicular
from the point to the
direction of the force
Find the torque
Add T(1) one direction,
T(2) another direction
T(1)=T(2)