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MIPR F1SBAA8022G001
Thomas J. Bruno
Physical and Chemical Properties Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Boulder, CO
Executive Summary:
AFOSR-MIPR F1SBAA8022G001
NIST Staff:
Tom Bruno
Arno Laesecke
Stephanie Outcalt
Richard Perkins
Jason Widegren
Marcia Huber
Eric Lemmon
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
and Students:
Beverly Smith
Lisa Ott
Kari Brumbeck
Amelia Hadler
Tara Lovestead
RP-1:
Temperature of combustion =
3,670 K
RP-2
We start with:
Comprehensive chemical analysis
Distillation curves (of the advanced
variety)
Temperature, Tk, C
250.0
240.0
RP-1, in spec
RP-1, out of spec
230.0
220.0
210.0
Curve is dominated by a
few major components
200.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Volume Fraction, %
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
280.0
270.0
Temperature, Tk ( C)
260.0
250.0
240.0
230.0
220.0
RP-1
RP-2
TS-5
210.0
200.0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
, kgm-3
860
Density:
840
820
Experimental details
were discussed earlier
800
780
760
740
720
700
680
660
250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 450 470 490
T, K
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
, kgm-3
860
T, K
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
w / ms-1
1400
RP-1
RP-2
1350
1300
1250
1200
1150
1100
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
T/K
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
s / TPa-1
1050
Adiabatic compressibility
data of RP-1 and RP-2 as
a function of temperature
at ambient pressure.
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
RP-1
650
RP-2
600
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
T/K
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
/ mm2s-1
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.4
RP-1
1.2
RP-2
0.8
0.6
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
T/K
0.120
. -1 -1
/ Wm K
0.110
0.100
300 K
350 K
400 K
450 K
500 K
550 K
0.090
0.080
0.070
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
P / MPa
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
0.120
. -1 -1
/ Wm K
0.110
0.100
300 K
350 K
400 K
450 K
500 K
550 K
0.090
0.080
0.070
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
P / MPa
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
VLE Instruments
Viscometers
torsional crystal
Stabinger
gravitational
Densimeters
dual sinker
rapid screening
Thermal Conductivity
low and high temperature hot wire
Speed of Sound
Etc.
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
thermostat
insulated box
slots for reactors
stainless steel
block (one of two)
temperature
probe
heaters
PID temperature
controller
Ampoule reactors:
Temperatures to 450 oC
Pressures to 10,000 psi
(once, by accident, to 36,000 psi)
The light
decomposition
products are
used for the
kinetic analysis
d [ A] d [ B]
=
= k [ A]
dt
dt
t1/ 2
The assumption of
first-order kinetics
is a necessary
approximation for
these complex
mixtures.
ln 2
=
k
Gas-liquid
separation
device
75
400 C
Product Suite Area
375 C
50
25
500
1000
1500
50
25
50
100
150
200
250
The rate constant for decomposition, k', is obtained from the fit.
160
450 C
Product Suite Area
425 C
120
80
40
50
100
150
150
100
50
10
20
30
40
50
The rate constant for decomposition, k', is obtained from the fit.
450 C
150
425 C
100
375 C
400 C
50
500
1000
Reaction Time / min
1500
(k 1) / s
5
(1.33 0.30)10
5
(9.28 2.01)10
4
(1.33 0.33)10
4
(5.47 0.80)10
-7
-8
ln k'
T / C
-9
-10
-11
-12
1.35
1.40
1.45
1000/T
1.50
1.55
RP-1 at 450 C
150
100
50
10
20
30
Reaction Time / min
40
50
450 C
150
100
50
RP-2
RP-1
10
20
30
40
ln k'
-8
-10
RP-1
R P -1
RP-2
R P -2
Jet
J e At A
-12
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1000 / T
0.04)10
375
4
400 (1.19 0.33)10
4
425 (3.08 0.77)10
4
(5.84
1.33)10
450
RP-2
1
(k 1) / s
(1.33 0.30)105
(9.28 2.01)105
(1.33 0.33)104
(5.47 0.80)104
80
60
RP-2
RP-2 + 100 additive
RP-2 + 5% tetralin
RP-2 + 5% THQ
375 C
5% THQ lowers
the rate of
decomposition
by about an
order of
magnitude.
40
20
400
800
1200
Reaction Time / min
1600
160
120
RP-2
RP-2 + 100 additive
RP-2 + 5% tetralin
RP-2 + 5% THQ
425 C
The stabilizing
effect is smaller
at higher
temperature.
80
40
30
60
90
Reaction Time / min
120
3
2
3
2
0
0
400
800
T im e / m in
425 C
M ass % THQ
M ass % THQ
1200
1600
50
100
150
200
250
T im e / m in
B100 + 1% t -decalin
B100 + 1% tetralin
420.0
420.0
410.0
410.0
410.0
390.0
380.0
370.0
400.0
400.0
Temperature, Tk ( C)
420.0
Temperature, Tk ( C)
Temperature, Tk ( C)
430.0
430.0
B100 + 1% THQ
390.0
380.0
370.0
400.0
390.0
380.0
370.0
360.0
360.0
360.0
350.0
350.0
350.0
340.0
340.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
340.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Lower is better!
A clear high-temperature stabilization effect occurs.
Stabilization of RP-2:
>>
tetrahydroquinoline
>>>>
tetralin
+100
Stabilization of B100:
>
tetrahydroquinoline
>>
t-decalin
tetralin
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
ETP copper
coupons
1018 steel
coupons
Decomposed RP-1
Decomposed
RP-1 + 0.14 % allyl sulfide
RP-1
RP-1, decomposed
RP-1
CSCT
L*
[sulfur] / ppm
4a
160
3.1
1a
199
28.8
RP-1, decomposed
1b
189
not detected
RP-1
untarnished
197
not detected
Acknowledgements:
AFRL-EAFB
Matt Billingsley, Ron Bates and Steve
Hanna
Tim Edwards, AFRL-WPAFB
160
120
RP-2
RP-2 + 100 additive
RP-2 + 5% decalin
RP-2 + 5% tetralin
RP-2 + 5% THQ
425 C
80
40
30
60
90
Reaction Time / min
120
0.120
-1 -1
/Wm K
0.110
300
350
400
450
500
547
608
650
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
0.100
0.090
0.080
0.070
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
/ g cm-3
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.