Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
____________________
A Term Paper
Presented to
Prof. Jose Rene Padro
Depratment of Political Science
College of Arts and Social Sciences
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology
Iligan City
_____________________
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the course Requirement
In Political Science 80
Society, Politics and Government
Septemebr 5, 2009
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I. INTRODUCTION
Gloria Arroyo saying, “it would take the private sector working together with
government to create the jobs needed to build a strong middle class and a
and increase the profitability of companies. Politics, on the other hand, play
in a different arena, delving into the creation of public policies for the
1
World Bank. http://www.worldbank.org/
2
http://businessmirror.com.ph/home/economy/html.
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http://www.businesspolitics.org/
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However, upon close examination of how businesses and politics truly
work, a connection between both becomes apparent. The two influence each
other.
the State, but also transcends it - by including civil society. The State, in
political activities.
Philippines that “The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private
investments5.” The State also needs the private sector to activate the
With this conjecture, the researcher comes up of the idea to study the
Philippine economy and its effect to Philippine politics. Moreover, this paper
4
World Bank. http:// www.worldbank.org/governance
5
http://www.congress.gov.ph/members/
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will discuss how Chinese influence the political landscape in the Philippines
and their role in the economic establishment in the country. The study will
showcase how Chinese gained economic power in the Philippines and how
This study will also present why Filipino-Chinese has entered into the
their political interest? In addition, this paper will examine the root of
settlement.
The Chinese Filipinos has always been one of the largest ethnic Filipino
groups in the country with Chinese immigrants comprising the largest group
of immigrant settlers in the Philippines. They are one of the three major
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ethnic groupings in the Philippines, namely: Christian Filipinos (73% of the
Chinese Mestizos)6.
were predominantly male (See, 1997). It was only in the 20th century that
during the Spanish colonial period, then often opted to marry other
Chinese/Chinese mestizos (as was the case with the ancestors of national
hero Dr. Jose Rizal) (Alfonso, 1996). Generally, Chinese mestizo is a term
million) of the population. This figure however does not include the Chinese
mestizos who since Spanish times have formed the middle class in Philippine
6
http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html).
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society nor does it include Chinese immigrants from the People's Republic of
During the Spanish period and the era before World War II, land was
the primary symbol of wealth. Economic control was in the hands of the
landowners, who were expected to provide for the needs of the community
Manila played an important role as a port for the Manila galleons, huge
Spanish trading ships that voyaged between Manila and Acapulco, on the
west coast of New Spain. The galleons sailed from Manila with Chinese
goods, mainly silk textiles and porcelain, and returned from Acapulco with
silver bullion and minted coins, which purchased more Chinese goods
(Steinberg, 2005)
(Wickberg, 1982).
Chinese merchants in Manila helped to finance and shape the new export
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local producers (Ang, 1996). In 1839 the colonial government issued a
privileged class in the new cash-crop economy. These mestizos formed the
servants.
middle men of America’s importers and traders. In 1939, the total Chinese
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market share by expanding business lines in which they were already key
sale. To broaden their market base by venturing into new growth areas is
their second strategy. This involved related manufacturing activities like rice
With this conviction, we can see that Chinese has already penetrated
the Philippines even during before World War II. The galleon trade is a great
see how they struggle for survival in the Philippines, the strategies they had
made in order to gain access to the Philippines and to maintain their post in
the country.
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In 1902, the first general chamber of commerce association was
and further their population increases due to some recruitment. At the end
of 1908, the name of the association was changed and it was formally
Carino (1985) added, the Federation derived great legitimacy from the
the Philippines.
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whose holdings and stocks shares big percentage in the Philippine Gross
National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The current
Chinese are known for their knowledge and ability to make good
business while Filipinos are known for being hardworking and passionate, if
Tan, Ang and Dy and a lot of Chinese names. They are among the wealthiest
In fact, almost all major holding firms and banking institutions in the
Philippines are owned and managed by them. The biggest and largest
Thus, Henry Sy, among the richest of them owned SM Prime Holdings,
owned the Philippine air line flag carrier – Philippine Air Line (PAL)-, Fortune
Tobacco, Asia Brewery, and other big businesses in Mining and with a net
7
Filipino-Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry. www.fccci.com
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worth of $1.5 billion. Thus, he ranked 2nd of the Philippines richest people
In the total GDP and GNP of the country, they’d shared a significant
Jollibee Corporation, owned by Tony Tan Caktiong, the famous fast food in
the Philippines has gained its economic significant in the Philippine economy.
role in the Philippine economy. Atencio (2008) recalls President Arroyo says,
“…we are all thankful for the indelible contribution the Chinese have made to
Philippine economic and cultural life.” “Chinese have played and continue to
8
2008 Forbes List. http:// www.forbesrichestfilipino_2008.com./htm
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For instance, the Anti-money laundering law passed by the
congresses. Sergio 'Serge' Osmeña, one of the law's original sponsors, is not
in a celebratory mood when the bill was passed. Pesayco quoted Sen.
Osmeña, “There are hidden agendas here," he said. "We had a marvelous
opportunity to collect P100 billion more in taxes but now we have a situation
Tax evasion was not counted as one of the 14 crimes covered by the
anti-money laundering law. This omission was not surprising. After all, even
the government version of the bill submitted to Congress did not include tax
The group, which until recently was identified with tobacco tycoon
Lucio Tan, thumbed down the inclusion of tax evasion in the list of predicate
offenses for fear the law would be used to harass them. The Ramos
9
PHILIPPINE CENTER FOR INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM. http://www.pcij.org/
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removed. During the hearing, several congressmen assured Go that his
distribution.
corporate funding, thus giving the business sector the power to set the
some have entered to politics. In this course of action, we can evidently say
that in order for them to strongly defend their businesses and carried it out
to the legislation their interest some have run and took a post in the
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http://www.businesspolitics.org/
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Furthermore, they even influence the highest executive in the land,
try and convince their politician-friends to buckle down to work rather than
engage in politicking. Moreover, the President said, "I ask you to tell the
politicians that support you to get on with the people’s work … I ask you to
call on the legislators you support in the elections to stop partisan wrangling
businessmen influenced political activity, In the first place, why you have to
seek for help in an organization if it is not influential and you can’t gain any
V. Conclusion
economy, they had gained access in the Philippine politics in such a way
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data gathered by the researcher, indeed Chinese businessmen accumulated
business movement.
how she seek help from the federation and how she defend the association
order to build communities and people’s lives. In fact, “for good governance
society.”
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