Breaker Scheme

400KV PROTECTION
PREPARED BY
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
gk_aptransco@yahoo.co.in,
Mobile:9440336984
BASICS
OF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

BUS-1
1. IN THIS TWO BUSES ARE PRIOVIDED.
BUS-1
BUS-2
BUS-2

BUS-1
2. THESE TWO BUSES ARE INTER-CONNECTED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS.
BUS-1
BUS-2
BUS-2

BUS-1
3. THEY ARE DESIGNATED AS 1-52 CB, 2-52 CB, 3-52 CB.
1-52 CB
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
BUS-2

BUS-1
4. LINE - 1 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB.

5. LINE - 2 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB.
1-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2

BUS-1
1-52 CB
LINE-1
6. LINE-1 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e

A. VIA BUS-1 & 1-52 CB
B. VIA BUS-2, 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB
7. LINE-2 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e
A. VIA BUS-2 & 3-52 CB
B. VIA BUS-1, 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2

BUS-1
8. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-1 THE 1-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.

9. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-2 THE 3-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.
1-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2

BUS-1
10. FOR ANY PROBLEM IN LINE-1 OR LINE-2 ALONG WITH MAIN BREAKER
THE MIDDLE BREAKER OR SAY TIE BREAKER (2-52 CB) MUST TRIP.
1-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2

BUS-1
1-52 CB
LINE-1
11. NORMALLY IN ALL TYPES OF BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS ONE BREAKER

IS SUFFICIENT FOR ONE FEEDER.
12. HERE TWO FEEDERS ARE CONTROLED BY THREE BREAKERS.
13. SO THESE TWO FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
IT IS CALLED ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM.
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2
1-52 CB
LINE-1
2-52 CB
LINE-2
14. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-1 & LINE-1 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-1.
BUS-1
MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2
LINE-1
2-52 CB
LINE-2
15. THE BAY BETWEEN LINE-1 & LINE-2 IS CALLED TIE BAY FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.
BUS-1
1-52 CB
TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2
TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.
LINE-2
3-52 CB
BUS-2
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-1
LINE-2
MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2
2-52 CB
16. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-2 & LINE-2 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-2.
LINE-1
1-52 CB
BUS-1
LINE-2
3-52 CB
BUS-2
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-1
LINE-2
2-52 CB
17. IN THIS SYSTEM FULL DIA MEANS 2 FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY 3 CBs.

18. HALF DIA MEANS 1 FEEDER CONTROLLED BY 2 CBs.
(Nothing but Double CB System)
LINE-1
1-52 CB
BUS-1
3-52 CB
BUS-2
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-1
LINE-2
LINE-2
BUS-1
2-52 CB

ADE/MRT/ T&C/400KV SS/
O/O CE/400KV / L&SS/ VS
APTRANSCO, HYDERABAD
gk_aptransco@yahoo.co.in
Mobile: 9440336984
LINE-1
1-52 CB
BUS-1
SUBSTATION DESIGN/LAYOUT
DIA5
BAY17
BAY18
BAY15
BAY16
DIA6
BAY14
BAY11
BAY8
BAY9
BAY5
FEEDER11
BAY13
DIA4
BAY10
DIA3
BAY6
BAY2
BAY3
FEEDER9
FEEDER7
BAY12
DIA2
BAY1
BUS-1 DIA1
FEEDER5
BAY7
FEEDER3
BAY4
FEEDER1
(I-CONFIGUARATION)
BUS-2
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FEEDER6
FEEDER8
FEEDER10
FEEDER12
(D-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER5
FEEDER10
BAY14
BAY13
BAY7
DIA1
FEEDER9
BAY8
BAY3
BAY1
BAY2
FEEDER6
DIA3
BAY15
FEEDER2
BAY9
FEEDER1
DIA5
BUS-1
BAY5
FEEDER3
BAY11
FEEDER4
FEEDER7
FEEDER8
DIA6
BAY18
BAY16
DIA4
BAY12
BAY10
DIA2
BAY6
BAY4
BUS-2
BAY17
FEEDER11
FEEDER12
(DOUBLE BUS & DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM)
FEEDER1
FEEDER3
FEEDER1
FEEDER3
BAY6
BAY5
BAY2
BAY1
BAY7
BAY5
BAY3
BAY1
BUS-1
BUS-1
BAY8
BAY7
BAY4
BAY3
BAY8
BAY6
BAY4
BAY2
BUS-2
BUS-2
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM
FEEDER 8
FEEDER 1
1-52 CB
FEEDER 2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
8-52 CB
FEEDER 7
MESH / RING
LAYOUT
4-52 CB
7-52 CB
5-52 CB
6-52 CB
FEEDER 6
FEEDER 3
FEEDER 5
FEEDER 4
(DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM)
T/F-1
T/F-2
BUS-2
BAY3
BAY1
BAY2
FEEDER1 FEEDER2
BAY4
TRANSFER BUS
BAY5
TRANSFER BUS
COUPLER
BUS COUPLER
BUS-1
BAY6
BAY7
BAY8
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 400 & 220 KV SYSTEM
(DOUBLE MAIN BUS & CB BYPASS ISO SYSTEM)
T/F-1
BAY1
BAY2
T/F-2
BAY6
BAY4
BUS COUPLER
BUS-1
BAY7
BUS-2
BAY3
FEEDER1
FEEDER2
BAY5
WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR

PREVENTIVE MAINTANENCE THEN ALL
OTHER
FEEDERS
SHIFTED
TO
ANOTHER BUS OF FAULTED CB BUS
AND CLOSE THE BYPASS ISOLATOR,
THEN PROTECTION IS SHIFTED TO BUS
COUPLER AND OPEN THE FAULTY CB.
FEEDER3
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220KV SYSTEM
(SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM)
T/F-2
T/F-1
TRANSFER BUS COUPLER
TRANSFER BUS
BUS-1
BAY1
FEEDER1
BAY2
FEEDER2
BAY3
BAY4
BAY5
BAY6
FEEDER3
BAY7
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220 & 132 KV SYSTEM
CT METHODS
IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM
CB
LINE
CB
LINE
CB
LINE
CB
CB
4 CT METHOD
CB
CB
CB
AT/F
AT/F
CB
CB
6 CT METHOD
CB
LINE
CB
5 CT METHOD
LINE
LINE
CB
3 CT METHOD
CB
CB
6 CT METHOD
CB
CB
6 CT METHOD
CB
AT/F
AT/F
AT/F
AT/F
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

(3CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
3P1
3-CT
3
P1
1-89A
3-89A
3
3
2-CT
2-89A 2-52CB
1-89L
P1
P2
2-89B
3-89T
LINE 1
T/F-1

(4CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
3P1
3-CT
3
P1
1-89A
3-89A
P2
2-89A
1-89L
P1
2-BCT
2-ACT
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
3-89T
LINE 1
T/F-1

(5CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
3P1
3 3-CT
P1
1-89A
3-89A
2-CT
2-89A
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
1-89L
1L-CT
3-89T
P2
3P1
P2
3T-CT
3
P1
LINE 1
T/F-1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
P2
P1
3-89
3 1A-CT
3A-CT
1-52CB
3 P1
3-52CB
P2
1B-CT
3
P1
3B-CT
1-89A
P2
P1
3-89A
2-89A
P2
P1
2B-CT
2A-CT
1-89L
P2
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
3-89T
T/F-1
LINE 1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
3-52CB
P2
1-CT
3
P1
3-CT
1-89A
P2
P1
2B-CT
2-89A
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
1-89L
1L-CT
3
P1
LINE 1
P1
3-89A
2A-CT
P2
P2
3-89T
3T-CT
P2
3 P1
T/F-1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
P2
P2
3 1-CT
1-52CB
3-52CB
1-89A
3-89A
2-89A
P2
P1
2B-CT
2A-CT
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
1-89L
1L-CT
3
P1
LINE 1
3 3-CT
P1
P1
P2
3-89
3-89T
3T-CT
P2
3 P1
T/F-1
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER

SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS
DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER

SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS
DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
1-1/2 CB SYSTEM
(SIEMENS VATECH)
VD
VD
CT
DS
CT
CB
CT
DS
DS
CT
CB
GS
GS
GS
GS
VD
GS
GS
GS
GS
VD
CT
DS
DS
CT
CB
DS
CORE WISE
APLICATION OF
CTs IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CONNECTIONS IN 3CT METHOD
1 CT
2 CT
3 CT
BUSBAR-1
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND
CORE 1
( PS)
CORE 2
( PS)
CORE 3
( 0.5 / 0.2)
CORE 4
(0.5 / 0.2)
CORE 5
( PS)
CORE 6
( PS)
PROTECTION
CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER
BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP
PROTECTION (SPARE)

CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR
FOR TRANSFORMER
SPARE
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR AT/F
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR FEEDER
SPARE

CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR
FEEDER
BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP
PROTECTION (SPARE)

CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR FEEDER
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1 CT
2 CT
3 CT
BUSBAR-1
CORE 1
( PS)
CORE 2
( PS)
CORE 3
(0.5 / 0.2)
CORE 4
( PS)
CORE 5
( PS)
BUSHING CT
METERING
CORE (0.5 / 0.2)
PROTECTION
CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER
BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP
PROTECTION (SPARE)

CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR
FOR TRANSFORMER
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR FEEDER
SPARE

CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR
FEEDER
BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP
PROTECTION (SPARE)

CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR FEEDER
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
NORMALLY THIS SYTEM ADOPTS, WHEN ONE SIDE LINE, OTHER SIDE AUTO
TRANSFORMER / BUS REACTOR IS PROVIDED IN A DIA OF ONE AND HALF BREAKER
SYSTEM, IF BUSHING CT METERING CORE IS AVAILABLE, THEN IT IS USED FOR
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR AT/F OR BUS REACTOR.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CORE-1
(PS)
CORE-2
(PS)
CORE-3
(0.5/0.2)
CORE-4
(PS)
CORE-5
(PS)
1- CT
2-BCT
2-ACT
3-CT
CT SECONDARY
CORE IS
CONNECTED TO
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
SPARE
SPARE
CT SECONDARY
CORE IS
CONNECTED TO
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
SPARE
SPARE
BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE

CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER

CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER

CONNECTED TO
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR

CONNECTED TO
BACKUP PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR

CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO
MAIN-1 PROTECTION

CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO
MAIN PROTECTION
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1-CT
1-LCT
2-CT
3-TCT
3-CT
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
CORE-3
(0.5/0.2)
SPARE
METERING &
ENERGY
METER
SPARE
METERING &
ENERGY
METER
SPARE
CORE-4
(PS)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
AFTER
LBB/BFR
(1-52)
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
AFTER
LBB/BFR
(2-52)
BACKUP
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
AFTER
LBB/BFR
(3-52)
CORE-5
(PS)
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
MAIN
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
CORE-1
(PS)
CORE-2
(PS)
Paralleling of 2Nos CTs to the Main-1/Main-2/Backup line protection is not required. This gives better
transient response. Separate STUB protection can be connected (Nothing BUT TEED Protection).
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(GIS or AIS with DEAD TANK CBs)
1B-CT
CORE-1
(PS)
CORE-2
(PS)
CORE-3
(0.5/0.2)
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
SPARE
1A-CT
2B-CT
2A-CT
3A-CT
2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR
2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
BACKUP PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR
2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS &
ENERGY METER
2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS &
ENERGY METER
3B-CT
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
SPARE
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1-CT
1L-CT
2A-CT
2B-CT
3T-CT
3-CT
CORE-1
(PS)
CORE-2
(PS)
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
SPARE
SPARE
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
SPARE
SPARE
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP
CORE-3
(0.5/0.2)
SPARE
METERING &
ENERGY
METER
SPARE
SPARE
METERING &
ENERGY
METER
SPARE
CORE-4
(PS)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
BACKUP
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
CORE-5
(PS)
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
AFTER LBB/BFR
(1-52)
AFTER LBB/BFR
(2-52)
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
AFTER LBB/BFR
(3-52)
MAIN
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
CT CORES
CONEECTION
DIAGRAMS IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
3
3
3
2
BB-EVT
/ CVT
1-52CB
P1
3
3
3
CORES
3
4
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
MAIN-2/BACKUP PROTECTION
BUS
METERING
BUS BAR CHECKUP PROT
1-89
P2
BUS BAR PROTECTION
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

1-CT
5
1-89L
1-CVT
ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 3 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

87BB1
BUSBAR-1
79
CVT
VBB1
21M1
VBB1
VL1
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
BF
87L
21M2
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
BF
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
CVT
VBB2
VBB2
79
MAIN-2
PROTECTION OF LINE2
(OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE)
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2
FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION &

METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS
FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED .

87BB1
BUSBAR-1
79
CVT
VBB1
21M1
VBB1
VL1
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
BF
87L
21M2
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
BF
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
CVT
VBB2
VBB2
79
MAIN-2
PROTECTION OF LINE2
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2


87BB1
BUSBAR-1
CVT
21M1
VBB1
BF
79
VBB1
VL1
25
87L
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
21M2
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
CVT
VBB2
VBB2
BF
79
MAIN-2
PROTECTION OF LINE2
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2


87BB1
BUSBAR-1
79
CVT
VBB1
21M1
VBB1
VL1
87 TD1 HZ
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
BF
87L
87 TD2 LZ
21M2
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
.
BF
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
CVT
VBB2
VBB2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
87 TD2 LZ
PROTECTION OF LINE2
MAIN-2
79
87 TD1 HZ
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2


87BB1
BUSBAR-1
79
CVT
VBB1
21M1
VBB1
VL1
87 TD1 HZ
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
BF
87L
87 TD2 LZ
21M2
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
.
BF
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
CVT
VBB2
VBB2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
87 TD2 LZ
PROTECTION OF LINE2
MAIN-2
79
87 TD1 HZ
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2


87BB1
BUSBAR-1
21M1
VL1
87 TD1 HZ
CVT
VBB1
BF
87 TD2 LZ
79
VBB1
87L
21M2
VL1
CVT
VL1
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
79
CVT VL2
25
MAIN-1
87 TD2 LZ
PROTECTION OF LINE2
MAIN-2
BF
VBB2
CVT
87 TD1 HZ
BUSBAR-2
87BB2

COMPARISION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CT METHODS

CT
PURPOSE
3 CT
METHOD
4 CT
METHOD
6 CT (S)
METHOD
5 CT
METHOD
6 CT (T1)
METHOD
6 CT (T2)
METHOD
BUSBAR &
BUSBAR
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
1 CT
1 CT
1B CT
1 CT
1 CT
1 CT
MAIN-1
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
&
METERING
ADDITIONAL
PROTECTION
AVAILABLE
BLIND
ZONE
ADVANTAGES
ABOVE FOR BUS-1
&
BELOW FOR BUS-2
3 CT
3 CT
3B CT
3 CT
3 CT
3 CT
1 - CT & 2 - CT
1 CT & 2 B - CT
1 A CT & 2 B CT
1 L - CT
1 L - CT
1 L - CT
ABOVE CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-1

BELOW CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-2
3 - CT & 2 CT
3 - CT & 2 A - CT
3 A - CT & 2 A - CT
ABOVE FOR FEEDER-1

BELOW FOR FEEDER-2
3 L - CT
3 L - CT
3 L CT
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION

FOR LINE & AT/F
TEED-1 & TEED-2 PROTECTION

FOR LINE & AT/F
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION IS A NORMALLY INBUILT

PROTECTION FOR MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 RELAYS, IN CASE OF LATEST
NUMERICAL RELAYS. STUB PROTECTION WORKS WHEN LINE
ISOLATOR OPEN CONDITION ONLY.
TEED1 IS NORMALLY HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY &

TEED-2 IS NORMALLY LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY.
THESE ARE NOT INBUILT FUNCTIONS OF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2
RELAYS.
A FAULT BETWEEN CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND CT (END FAULT) MAY THEN STILL BE FED FROM ONE SIDE
EVEN WHEN THE BREAKER HAS BEEN OPENED. CONSEQUENTLY, FINAL FAULT CLEARING BY CASCADED
TRIPPING HAS TO BE ACCEPTED IN THIS CASE. THIS SITUATION LBB/BFR OPERATES AND TIME TAKEN TO
CLEAR FAULT IS ABOUT 300 mSECs. THIS IS BLIND ZONE AREA.
MINIMUM CT
METHOD. REDUCING
THE COST OF CTs
TIE CB BLIND ZONE

AREA IS TAKEN
CARE.
MAIN CB & TIE CB

BLIND ZONE AREA IS
TAKEN CARE
WHEN THE FAULT IS TAKEN PLACE BETWEEN THE

MAIN CB, TIE CB & LINE ISOLATOR, DURING SERVICE
ONLY, DISTANCE SCHEME SHOULD TAKE CARE.
BLIND ZONE FOR

MAIN CB & TIE CB
TIE CB BLIND ZONE

AREA IS TAKEN CARE
TIE CB BLIND ZONE

AREA IS TAKEN CARE
WHEN THE FAULT IS TAKEN PLACE BETWEEN THE MAIN CB, TIE CB &
LINE ISOLATOR DURING SERVICE ONLY, TEED PROTECTION IN
ADDITION TO DISTANCE SCHEME SHOULD TAKE CARE.
400KV C.T. INFORMATION

P1
PRIMARY CONNECTIONS : P1 P2
CURRENT RATING : 2000 AMPS
500/ 1A
1S1 1S3
1S1 1S2
1S2 1S3
__
PS
BUSBAR
CHECKUP 2S1 2S3
PROTECTION
2S1 2S2
2S2 2S3
__
CORE-3 0.5 / 0.2
METERING
3S1 3S3
3S4 3S2
3S1 3S2
3S4 3S3
CORE-4
MAIN-2
4S1 4S3 4S1 4S2
4S1 4S4
PROTECTION
4S4 4S2 4S4 4S3
5S1 5S2
5S4 5S3
5S1 5S3
5S4 5S2
2S12
2S 3
2S
4S1
4S2
4S3
4S4
MAIN-1
5S1 5S4
PROTECTION
PS
1
5S S2
5 S3
5 S4
5
1
1S S1
1S 2
3
3S1
3S2
3S3
3S4
CORE-5
PS
3S1 3S4
3
3
2S1
2S2
2S3
CORE-2
1S1
1S2
1S3
5S1
5S2
5S3
5S4
4S1
4S2
4S3
4S4
BUSBAR
PROTECTION
3S1
3S2
3S3
3S4
PS
CORE-1
1000/ 1A
2000/ 1A
PURPOSE
CLASS
P1 P2
3
3
CORES
SECONDARY CONNECTIONS
CURRENT RATING : 1A
P2
HAIR
PIN /
U SHAPE
DESIGN
EYE BOLT
DESIGN
DEAD TANK DESIGN
MAIN-1, MAIN-2
PROTECTION &
METERING
FOR LINE
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO

FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )
Sr.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
VOLTAGE
11 KV LINES
33 KV LINES
66 KV LINES
132 KV LINES
MAIN- 1 PROTECTION
MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION
2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )
3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )
SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR

NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F RELAYS WITH HIGH

SET ( 67 + 67N )
NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
5.
220 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
6.
DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE

400 KV LINES NUMERICAL
+ in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N)
DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
7.
DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE

765 KV LINES NUMERICAL
+ in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N)
DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS, BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE MEASURING PRINCIPLES (CHARECTERESTICS), MODELS
AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATED) AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS
SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS ( COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER ) . DISSIMILAR CARRIER SCHEMES ARE TO BE
SELECTED ( POTT & PUTT or BLOCK & UNBLOCK). OTHER WISE MAIN-2 MAY BE DIFFERENT MAKE OR PHASE COMPARISION
PROTECTION/LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION WITH BACKUP DISTANCE PROTECTION IS TO BE ADOPTED. BOTH M1 & M2 SHOULD
CONTAIN DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (67N) WITH DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION PICKUP SCHEME AS INBUILT FUNCTION.
ZONE-1: 80% OF MAIN LINE
ZONE-2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END
ZONE-3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END
ZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE) AT
OTHER END.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR LINE

P2 P2 P2
CT MB
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
(4CT METHOD)
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
IN5 / A571
REL 521
ACTIVE START
TRIP
1-CVT
CLASS: PS
3 CT METHOD : 1-CT & 2-CT
4 CT METHOD : 1-CT & 2-BCT
6 CT METHOD : 1-ACT & 2-BCT
DISPLAY
C
CT MB
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
5S2
5S2
5S2
5S4
5S4
5S4
3 3 3
CORE-5
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P

(4CT METHOD) (NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
IN5 / A571

CLASS: PS
ESC
CT MB
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
ENABLED
TRIP
IN5 / A571
5S2
5S2
5S2
5S4
5S4
5S4
3 3 3
CORE-5
IA =250.10 A
IB =250.10 A
IC =250.10 A
VAB =400.0 KV
VBC =400.0 KV
VCA =400.0 KV
CLASS: PS
IB5 / A551
IY5 / A531
IR5 / A511
P2 P2 P2
INST
TIME
COMM
SOTF
ZONE1
ZONE2
ZONE3
ZONE4
SEL
ENT
TARGET
RESET
PH-A
PH-B
PH-C
GND
50
51
79 RESET
79 LOCKOUT
SEL- 421
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
1-CVT
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
CT MB
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
IN5 / A571
REL 521
ACTIVE START
TRIP
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
1-CVT
CLASS: PS
DISPLAY
C
E
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P

(4CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2
50Z
CT MB
1-CT
RAICA
CORE-4
LBB / BFR
3 3 3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
REL 316
ACTIVE START
TRIP
1-CVT
CLASS: PS
DISPLAY
C
E
CT MB
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
4S2
4S2
4S2
4S4
4S4
4S4
3 3 3
CORE-4
RAICA
CLASS: PS
LBB / BFR
P2 P2 P2
50ZT
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P

(4CT METHOD) ( NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
IN4 / C471

CLASS: PS
CT MB
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
4S2
4S2
4S2
4S4
4S4
4S4
3 3 3
CORE-4
IN4 / C471
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
IB4 / C451
IY4 / C431
IR4 / C411
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
1-CVT
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P
MULTI FUNCTION NUMERICAL RELAY FOR

MULTI BREAKER, MULTI CT & CVT/PT APPLICATION
3-52 CB
BUS-1 PT
BUS-2 PT
59
50 BF-1 50 BF-2
79-1 79-2 25-1
25-2
21P 50P 51P 67P

21N 50N 51N 67N
3
LINE CVT
3
2-52 CB
1-52 CB
(NEW APPLICATION) (ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM or RING BUS SYSTEM)
LINE
27
1-52,2-52: MAIN & TIE CIRCUIT BREAKER

21P: PHASE DISTANCE PROTECTION
21N: GROUND DISTANCE PROTECTION
27: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
67: DIRECTIONAL RELAY
50: INST OVER CURRENT RELAY
51: TIME OVER CURRENT RELAY
59: OVER VOLTAGE RELAY
64: EARTH FAULT RELAY
50BF-1: LBB/BFR OF MAIN CB
50BF-2: LBB/BFR OF TIE CB
79-1,2: AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY OF
MAIN & TIE CB
25-1,2: CHECK SYNCHRONISAM RELAY
FOR MAIN & TIE CB

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
CT MB
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
IN4 / C471
REL 316
ACTIVE START
TRIP
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
1-CVT
CLASS: PS
DISPLAY
C
E
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER

(4CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
IR3 / D311
IY3 / D331
IB3 / D351
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-3
3S4
3S4
3S4
3S2
3S2
3S2
IN3 / D371

CLASS: 0.5
CT MB
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3S2
3S2
3S2
3S4
3S4
3S4
3 3 3
CORE-3
CLASS: 0.5
VR31 / E311
VY31 / E331
VB31 / E351
VN31 / E371
1-CVT
CORE 3
100VA
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2
IR3 / D311
IY3 / D331
IB3 / D351
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-3
CT MB
3S4
3S4
3S4
3S2
3S2
3S2
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
IN3 / D371
VR31 / E311
VY31 / E331
VB31 / E351
VN31 / E371
1-CVT
CORE 3
100VA
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
LBB & BUSBAR

PROTECTION
SCHEMES
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION
A PROTECTION WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CLEAR A SYSTEM

FAULTY BY INITIATING TRIPPING OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) IN
THE CASE OF FAILURE TO TRIP OF THE APPROPRIATE CIRCUIT
BREAKER.
IN MODERN NETWORKS THE CRITICAL FAULT CLEARING
TIME MAY BE LESS THAN 200ms. HENCE, IF THE FAULT IS NOT
CLEARED DUE TO FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY PROTECTIVE RELAYS
OR THEIR ASSOCIATED CIRCUIT BREAKER, A FAST ACTING BACKUP PROTECTIVE RELAY MUST CLEAR THE FAULT.
THERE ARE TWO BASIC FORMS.
REMOTE BACK-UP.
LOCAL BACK-UP.
REMOTE BACK-UP
PROVIDES BACK-UP PROTECTION FOR THE BOTH THE

RELAYS (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) AND BREAKERS AT REMOTE
SUBSTATION.
LOCAL BACK-UP
LOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION CAN BE DEVIDED INTO TWO
CATAGORIES.
RELAY BACK-UP
BREAKER BACK-UP
RELAY BACK-UP
z
DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED

DISTANCE
PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE
SCHEME OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE
DIFFERENT (QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL )
OR DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN
REYROLL, SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e
ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}).
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE
SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL
FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH
RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS.
TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO
TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER
IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION.
BREAKER BACK-UP
BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM.
IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE
FORE BE TRIPPED.
LBB/BFR FLOW CHART

MAIN
PROTECTION
OPERATED
YES
TRIP
MAIN
BREAKER
FAULT
CLEARED
NO
RETRIP
YES
INITIATE
BFR
YES
RESET
BREAKER
FAILURE
SCHEME
WAIT FOR
FAULT
CLEARENCE
AND
TRIP
BACK-UP/
Adjacent
BREAKERS
The Breaker Failure Protection (LBB/BFR) can operate single-stage/two-stage.

When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip command is given to the
adjacent Circuit Breakers if the protected feeder Breaker fails.
When used as two-stage protection, the first stage can be used to repeat the
trip command to the relevant feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if
the initial trip command from the feeder protection is not successful. The
second stage will result in a Bus trip to the adjacent Breakers, if the command
of the first stage is not successful.
LBB/BFR TIME CO-ORDINATION CHART

FAULT OCCURS
NORMAL CLEARING TIME
NORMAL
CLEARING
PROTECTIVE RELAY
FOR EX: DISTANCE RELAY
RESETTING TIME OF THE

CURRENT MEASURING UNITS
BREAKER
INTURUPTING TIME
~30ms
~60ms
MARGIN
<12ms
SET TIME OF THE TIME MEASURING UNIT
INOPERATIVE
BREAKER
TRIPPING
RELAY
TIME
BACK-UP BREAKER
INTERUPTING TIME
BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START

TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY
MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY
MARGIN
LBB/BFR LOGIC
CURRENT INPUTS
PHASE L1
A/D
CONVERTER PHASE CURRENT SET POINT
I > ISET
PHASE L2/E
PHASE L3
I > ISET
|||
&
LED
(PHASE START)
ALARM RELAY
(PHASE START)
>1
&
ALARM RELAY
(EARTH START)
EARTH CURRENT SET POINT
OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR

SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY
LED
(EARTH START)
BINARY INPUT
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE
TIMING/OUTPUT
STAGE
TRIP T1
RELAY
TIME STAGE T1
&
ALARM T1
RELAY
&
TIME STAGE T2
SWITCHED OFF
>1
TIME STAGE T2
O&
0
LED
TRIP T2
RELAY
LED
LED
CB FAILURE
INITIATE
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1
BUS-1
AT/F-1
1-52CB
50Z
2-52CB
50ZT
3-52CB
50Z
BUS-2
LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY.

1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER.
THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY.
THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86-A OR/AND 86-B)
OPERATES OR SINGLE PHASE TRIP RELAYS OPERATES AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP.
IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED.
THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO OPERATE.
AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT IS THERE THIS THINKS
BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS PER SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION.
NEW CONCEPT: Normally the CT connections for LBB/BFR relay is in series with Main-2 Protection.
In case of Numerical Distributed LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar System, the CT connections for
Bus-Bar are terminated at LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar is interconnected by Fiber-Optic
cable.
1-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

86-A
50Z
DIRECT TRIP 1&2

VIA CARRIER TO
OTHER END
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION OPTD
AND BUSBAR-1
ISOLATED
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF TIE CB(2-52CB)
1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1
ABB
REL316
MAIN-2
86-B
86-B
86-A
ABB
REL521
MAIN-1
TC-2
2-52CB
TC-2
TC-1
3-52CB
BUS-2

ABB
RET521
MAIN-1
86-A
ABB
REL521
MAIN-1
86-B
ABB
REL316
MAIN-2
ABB
RET316
MAIN-2
50ZT
DIRECT TRIP 1&2
VIA CARRIER
TO OTHER END
INTER TRIP TO
LVCB & TBCCB
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF AT/F(ICT) CB (3-52CB)
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF LINE CB(1-52CB)
2-52CB
1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1
3-52CB
TC-2
BUS-2
ABB
RET316
MAIN-2
86-A
86-B
86-B
86-A
ABB
RET521
MAIN-1
50Z
INTER TRIP TO
LV CB & TBC CB
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION OPTD
AND BUSBAR-2
ISOLATED
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF TIE CB(2-52CB)
2-52CB
1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1
3-52CB
TC-2
TC-2
TC-1
BUS-2
BASICS OF BUSBAR PROTECTION

NEED FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION
IN ITS ABSENCE FAULT CLEARING TAKES PLACE IN ZONE-2 OF DISTANCE RELAY BY
REMOTE END TRIPPING.
THIS MEANS SLOW AND UNSELECTIVE TRIPPING AND WIDE SPREAD BLACKOUT.
EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE

GREATER DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT.
INDIRECT SHOCK TO CONNECTED EQUIPMENT LIKE SHAFTS OF GENERATOR AND
WINDINGS OF TRANSFORMER.
BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURRENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A
GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING AT THAT NODE.
BUS BAR PROTECTION SYSTEMS

1.
2.
3.
4.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

MODERATE-IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
LOW-IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
NUMERICAL BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION

THE HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION SCHEME, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS A GOOD SOLUTION FOR
SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS , ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBARS, PROVIDING
THAT APPROPRIATE DEDICATED CT CORES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THIS USE ALONE. IT IS SENSTIVE,
STABLE & FAST PROTECTION.
HOWEVER, SPECIAL CT REQUIREMENTS, ADDITIONAL HIGH VOLTAGE DEVICE PROTECTION,
DEMANDING MAINTANENCE etc PUT RESTRICTIONS IN ITS APPLICATIONS.
A MEASURING CIRCUIT COMPRISES A HIGH-IMPEDENCE STABILIZING RESISTOR CONNECTED
ACROSS THE CIRCULATING CURRENT ARRANGEMENT OF ALL THE CTs IN PARALLEL. THE VALUE
OF THE STABILIZING RESISTOR IS CHOOSEN SUCH THAT THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS THE RELAY
CIRCUIT IS INSUFFICIENT TO OPERATE THE FAULTS OUTSIDE THE PROTECTED ZONE.
LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CTs. Class X for all CT Cores.

NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES. Separate CT Cores for BUSBAR and CHECK ZONE Protection.
IDENTICAL CT RATIO, MAGNETISING IMPEDENCE.
AUX CTs RATIO CORRECTIONS UNACCEPTABLE.
IN ABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT.
SLOW RESPONSE.
Advantage of Numerical Protection Technology (e.g. Fault recording, Communication etc) not available.
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20ms.
THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN
BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES.
MEDIUM IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

MANY OF THE LIMITATIONS OF HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION CAN BE
OVERCOME USING MODERATE MEDIUM IMPEDENCE PROTECTION (OR STABILIZED
HIGH-IMP SCHEME), WHICH IS A COMBINATION OF THE NORMAL HIGH-IMP AND
STABILIZED DIFFERENTIAL SCHEMES.
LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

LOW IMPEDENCE PROTECTION(PERCENTAGE BIASED BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY) IS
MOST SUITABLE PROTECTION SCHEME FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS
(WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS) WITH FEEDERS BEING SWITCHED BETWEEN
SECTIONS OF BUSBAR, WHICH OPERATES WITH FULL SELECTIVITY FOR ALL POSSIBLE
BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS.
ADVANTAGES
FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTICS OR RATIOs, LOW

LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE.
OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT.
STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVELS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
DETECTS FAULTS WITHIN 1 2ms & INITIATES TRIPPING WITHIN 5 7ms.
BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL
TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING THAT NODE
EXTERNAL FAULT
INTERNAL FAULT
IF
I1
I1
I2
I3
I2
I3
I4
I5
I4
I5
I6
I6
IF
IF= I6= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5
IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6
HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

87BBC
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
87BBM
96 BBC : BUSBAR
CHECK TRIPPING RELAY
52 CIRCUIT
BREAKER
TRIP COIL
- VE
A varistor is normally applied across the
relay input terminals to limit the voltage
to a value safely below the insulation
voltage of the secondary circuits
+ VE
96 BBM : BUSBAR
MAIN TRIPPING RELAY
UU
UU
OVER CURRENT
COIL
UU
.
Is
Id
OVER CURRENT
STARTER RELAYS
RESTRAINT
COIL
UU
UU
52 CIRCUIT
BREAKER
TRIP COIL
UU
OPERATING
COIL
LOW IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

+VE
96 BUS BAR
TRIPPING
RELAY
-VE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES

HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION
PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW IMPEDENCE

BUS BAR PROTECTION
PRINCIPLE
THE CURRENTS ENTERING AND LEAVING THE BUSBAR ARE COMPARED

CONTINUOSLY. IT INVOLVES CHOOSING OF IMPEDENCE HIGH ENOUGH
STABLISE THE RELAY FOR HEAVY EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS IS
CIRCULATING CURRENT PRINCIPLE.
IT HAS DIFFERENTIAL AND BIAS SETTING. THE RESULTANT BIAS

IS PROPOTIONAL TO ARITHMATIC SUM OF ALL CURRENTS,
WHEREAS THE OPERATING CURRENT IS VECTOR SUM OF ALL
CIRCUIT CURRENTS.
CTs
IT REQUIRES ALL IDENTICAL CT RATIOs & TURNS RATIO. LOW IT CAN WORK WITH CTs OF UNEQUAL RATIOS ALSO. FREE OF
RESISTANCE OF SECONDARY WINDING. Class X for all CT Cores.
ANY NEED OF MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTIC OR RATIOs LOW
MINIMUM KNEE POINT VOLTAGE OF 300-500V.
LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER PROTECTIVE
LOW MAGNETISING CURRENT(FEW MILLIAMPS).
RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT.
BURDEN
IMPOSES COMPARATIVELY HIGH BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs HAVE NO
REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SCHEME
EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SCHEME.
CT SATURATION
OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED DURING OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED
INTERNAL FAULTS.
DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
UTILISATION
IT IS GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS, ONE & MOST SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS
HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBAR SYSTEMS.
( WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS).
OPERATING TIME
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20 mS.
DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1 2 mS AND INITIATES TRIPPING

WITH IN 5-7 mS.
STABILITY
INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT.
STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.
PERFORMANCE
HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY STABLE HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY
FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS.
STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS.
ADDITIONAL
PROTECTION
THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS THIS RELAY HAS IN BUILT CHECK ZONE FEATURE (NO SEPARATE
ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM CHECKZONE FEATURE) i.e OVER CURRENT STARTING RELAY
OPERATES.
PROVIDED.
DETAILS
BUS BAR MAIN & CHECHUP PROTECTION

(ANY CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
3 3 3
CORE-1
REB 521
IN1 / B171
1S3
1S3
1S3
1S1
1S1
1S1
ACTIVE START
TRIP
IB1 / B151
CLASS: PS
IY1 / B131
IR1 / B111
BUS BAR
PROTECTION
FOR
BUS-1
DISPLAY
C
E
CT MB
IR1 / B111
IY1 / B131
3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
ACTIVE START
TRIP
IB1 / B151
1S1
1S1
1S1
1S3
1S3
1S3
3 3 3
CORE-1
RED 521
IN1 / B171
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
BUS BAR
PROTECTION
FOR
BUS-2
DISPLAY
C
E
BUS-2
87 BB2
BUS BAR-2 PROTECTION
UU
10-CT
UU
13-CT
UU
16-CT
UU
UU
12-CT
UU
15-CT
UU
18-CT
UU
12-52
15-52
18-52
21-52
20-52
17-52
14-52
11-52
19-CT
7-CT
9-CT
19-52
16-52
13-52
10-52
7-52
4-52
1-52
87 BB1
21-CT
UU
UU
9-52
8-52
4-CT
UU
1-CT
UU
6-CT
5-52
2-52
UU
3-CT
UU
6-52
3-52
BUS BAR PROTECTION

BUS BAR-1 PROTECTION
BUS-1
BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
1-52 CB
1-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
4-52 CB PANEL
REB 521
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
4-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
7-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
7-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
DISPLAY
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
10-52 CB
10-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
13-52 CB
13-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
16-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
16-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
1-52 CB PANEL
TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-1
TO DISTURBENCE RECORDER
4-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
7-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
10-52CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
13-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
16-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
3-52 CB
3-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
6-52 CB PANEL
REB 670
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
6-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
9-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
9-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
DISPLAY
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
12-52 CB
12-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
15-52 CB
15-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
18-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
18-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
3-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
6-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
9-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
12-52CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
15-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
18-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
DISTRIBUTED LBB & NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB
(7 SS 52) SIEMENS
(MICOM P740) AREVA
OR
OR
OR
OR
14-52
15-52
13-52
11-52
10-52
BUS-2
12-52
7-52
8-52
9-52
5-52
6-52
4-52
2-52
3-52
1-52
BUS-1
LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION
ABB
SIEMENS
AREVA
BUSBAR
PROTECTION
CENTRAL UNIT
BAY UNIT
ABB Network Partner AG
REL531
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LINE
PROTECTION
MAIN -1
MAIN -2
REL531
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION
MAIN
1.
2.
DESCRIPTION
REC 316*4
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
3.
4.
MAIN -1
MAIN -2
MAIN -1
MAIN -2
MAIN
B/U
MAIN
B/U
REC 316*4
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
B/U
IN THIS NO SEPARATE CORE IS REQUIRED FOR EITHER BUSBAR PROTECTION OR LBB / BFR.
CENTRALISED BUSBAR IS CONNECTED FROM BAY UNIT OR LBB OR BFR THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC.
BAY UNIT / BFR / LBB IS CONNECTED FROM MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 OF LINE PROTECTION OR MAIN & BACKUP
PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMER THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC FOR REDUNDANCY TO BAY UNIT.
THE CURRENT DATA IS TRANSFERED TO BAY UNIT TO BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT FROM LINE / TRANSFORMER
PROTECTIONS FOR NUMIRICAL ALGORITHAM OF LBB & BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT AND IT WILL OPERATE FOR
INTERNAL FAULTS AND DOES NOT OPERATE FOR THROUGH / EXTERNAL FAULTS.
MISCELENEOUS
RELAYS & PROTECTIONS
ADOPTED FOR LINE IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(STUB, TEED AND AUTO RECLOSURE
FUNCTIONS)
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
LINE-1
STUB-1&2
(BAY 1&2)
1-89L
REL 521
REL 316
DISTANCE / ATF
RELAYS
CONVERTED
TO STUB/BUS
OVER LOAD
RELAYS WHEN
LINE ISOLATOR
OPENS
2-52CB
1-52CB
BUS-1
STUB-1/ STUB-2 PROTECTION

3-52CB
STUB-3&2
(BAY 3&2)
3-89T
BUS-2
AT/F-1
RET 521
RET 316
WHEN A LINE IS SUPPLIED VIA TWO CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A ONE & HALF CIRCUIT
BREAKER ARRANGEMENT, THE LINE PROTECTION INCLUDES THE AREA BETWEEN THE TWO
CTs. HOWEVER, WHEN THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN THE LINE CVTs FOR THE DISTANCE
PROTECTION ARE CONNECTED TO THE LINE AND CANNOT PROVIDE THE CORRECT
VOLTAGE FOR THE STUB END.(i.e THE AREA BETWEEN THE LINE ISOLATOR AND CTs)
(STUB = DEAD END)
TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR A FAULT IN THIS AREA, REL 521/ REL 316 IS
PROVIDED WITH A STUB PROTECTION WHICH GIVES AN BUS OVER CURRENT TRIP IF THE
LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN AND THE CURRENT EXCEEDS THE SET VALUE IN ANY PHASE.
STUB-1 (BAY 1&2 OR BAY 3&2)

OPERATES
STUB-2 (BAY 1&2 OR BAY 3&2)

OPERATES
IT OPERATES THE 3-PH TRIP GR-A MAIN CB (1-52CB OR 3-52CB)

AND 3-PH TRIP GR-A TIE CB (2-52CB)
IT OPERATES THE 3-PH TRIP GR-B MAIN CB (1-52CB OR 3-52CB)
AND 3-PH TRIP GR-B TIE CB (2-52CB)
2-52CB
TEED-1&2
(BAY 1&2)
1-52CB
BUS-1
TEED-1/ TEED-2 PROTECTION

3
3-52CB
BUS-2
TEED-1&2
(BAY 2&3)
LINE-1
AT/F-1
TEED PROTECTION IS BASED ON KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW. THREE SETS OF CTS
ARE CONNECTED IN STAR FASHION. SOME OF THE CURRENTS MUST BE ZERO. IF ANY
UNBALANCE CURRENTS ARE NOTICED THEN IMMEDIATELY TEED PROTECTION
OPERATES. IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 1&2 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 1-52CB & 2-52CB.
SIMILARLY IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 2&3 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 2-52CB & 3-52CB.
TEED-1
PROTECTION
SUMMATION OF INDIVIDUAL PHASES OF T-SHAPED 3

CTs BEFORE REACHING TO RELAY. THIS IS
CIRCULATING CURRENT PRINCIPLE. THE CURRENT
FLOWING THROUGH IS ZERO DURING BALANCED
CONDITION.
HIGH IMPENDENCE THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY IS USED AS TEED-1 PROTECTION.
TEED-2
PROTECTION
T- SHAPED 3 CTs ARE CONNECTED TO RELAY. THE

RELAY HAVING OPERATING COIL & RESTAIRING COIL.
BASED ON THE DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT FLOWING
THROUGH THE OPERATING COIL THE RELAY
OPERATES.
LOW IMPEDENCE PERCENTAGE BIASED THREE
TERMINAL THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS
USED AS TEED-2 PROTECTION.
TEED-1 PROTECTION
P2 P2 P2
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
IR5
IY5
IB5
3 3 3
CORE-5
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
CLASS: PS
IN5
RADHA
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2
IR5
IY5
IB5
2-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
CLASS: PS
IN5
ACTIVE START
TRIP
DISPLAY
C
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
IN1
1S3
1S3
1S3
1S2
1S2
1S2
3 3 3
CORE-1
IB1
IY1
IR1
P1 P1 P1
IT WORKS ON CIRCULATING
CURRENT PRINCIPLE AND
IT IS HIGH IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY.
TEED-1 PROTECTION FOR
BAY 2&3 IS ALSO SAME AS
ABOVE AND THE
FOLLOWING CTs & CORES
ARE USED
3-CT(CORE-5), 2-CT(CORE-1)
& 3-TCT(CORE-1) ARE
STARRED AND CONNECTED
TO TEED-1 PROTECTION
TEED-2 PROTECTION
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
CLASS: PS
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
CT MB
RAICA
LBB/BFR
CT MB
RAICA
LBB/BFR
P2 P2 P2
RADSB
ACTIVE
START
P2 P2 P2
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
3 3 3
TRIP
2-CT
CORE-4
DISPLAY
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
C
2S3
2S3
2S3
2S2
2S2
2S2
3 3 3
CORE-2
TEED-2 PROTECTION FOR

BAY 2&3 IS ALSO SAME AS
ABOVE AND THE
FOLLOWING CTs & CORES
ARE USED. 3-CT(CORE-4),
2-CT(CORE-2) & 3-TCT
(CORE-2) ARE CONNECTED
TO TEED-2 PROTECTION.
IT WORKS ON KIRCHOFFS
CURRENT PRINCIPLE & IT IS
PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY
TEED PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

ABB
RADHA
TEED-1
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
TRIP COIL-1
1-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-1
86-B
ABB
REL521
MTR/
MAIN-1
HSTR
OR
ABB
(BAY
1&2)
REL521
STUB-1
(BAY 1&2)
(BAY 1&2)
ABB
RADSB
TEED-2
OR
ABB
REL316
STUB-2
ABB
RADHA
TEED-1
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
TRIP COIL-1
2-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
OR
ABB
RET521
STUB-1
(BAY 2&3)
(BAY 2&3)
ABB
RADSB
TEED-2
OR
ABB
RET316
STUB-2
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
TRIP COIL-1
3-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-2
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY

86-B : GROUP-B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
LINE/TRANSFORMER ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTERLOCK WILL INITIATE
MAIN-1 REL 521/ RET 521 & MAIN-2 REL 316/ RET 316 CONVERTED STUB-1 & 2 PROTECTION
AUTO RECLOSURE BASICS

FAULTS ARE THREE TYPES
1. TRANSIENT FAULT: These are cleared by the immediate tripping of
Circuit Breakers and do not reoccur when the line is re-energized.
2. SEMI-PERMANENT FAULTS: These require a time interval to disappear
before a line is charged again.
3. PERMANENT FAULTS: These are to be located and repaired before the
line is re-energized.
About 80-90% of the faults occurring are transient in nature. Hence the Automatic
Reclosure of breaker (after tripping on Fault) will result in the line being
successfully re-energized.
ADVANTAGES:
A. Decreasing outage time.
B. Improving Reliability.
C. Improving system stability.
D. Reduce fault damage and Maintenance Time.
DEAD TIME: The time between the Auto-reclosing Scheme being energized and
the operation of the contacts which energize the Circuit Breaker closing
circuit.
RECLAIM TIME: The Time Following a successful closing operation measured
from the instant the Auto-Reclosing relay closing contacts make which
must elapse before the Auto-Reclosing relay initiates another reclosing
attempt. In other words, it may be said to be the time between 1st and 2nd
Auto-Reclosure.
TYPES OF AUTO-RECLOSING SCHEMES:

1. BASED ON PHASE
A. THREE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: This type of Auto-Reclosing causes an
immediate drift part of the two systems and hence no interchange of synchronizing
power can take place during the dead time.
B. SINGLE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: In this, only the faulty phase(only SLG Faults) is
reclosed without causing interruption in interchange synchronizing power between two
systems through other two healthy phases.
2. BASED ON ATTEMPTS OF RECLOSURE
A. SINGLE SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, Breaker is reclosed only once on
a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker Occurs. High-Speed Auto-Reclosing for
EHT System is invariably Single Shot.
B. MULTI-SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, more than one reclosing attempts
made for a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker occurs.
B.I. DISADVANTAGES: Repeated closure attempts has with high fault level would
seriously affect the Circuit Breaker, Equipment and System Stability.
B.ii. CIRCUIT BREAKER LIMITATIONS: Ability of Circuit Breaker to Perform several Trip
Close operations in quick succession.
B. iii. SYSTEM CONDITIONS: In the percentage of the semi-Permanent faults (which
could be burnt out) is moderate, For example on the lines through the forest, multi
shot Auto-Reclosing is followed.
3. DEPENDING ON SPEED:
A. HIGH-SPEED AUTO-RECLOSING: This aids in fast restoration of supply but should
be done by taking into account the following factors.
I. System disturbance time can be tolerated without loss of system stability.
ii. Characteristics of Protection Schemes and Circuit Breaker.
B. LOW SPEED OR DELAYED AUTO RECLOSING: This is suitable for highly interconnected systems where the loss of a single line is unlikely to cause two sections
of the system to drift apart and loose synchronism.
METHOD OF ADOPTION IN ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM:

The Auto-Reclosure Functions used for the Bus Breakers 1-52CB & 3-52CB are set
as Masters and one for the Center Breaker 2-52CB(TIE) as Follower. Co-ordination
is required between the Auto-Reclosure Functions. A Synchrocheck function is
also loaded in each Relay to permit 3 pole Auto-Reclosing.
Each Line Protection relays starts both MAIN & TIE Circuit Breakers to trip for the
Concerned line. After a Successful reclosure of the Main Breaker, The Tie Breaker
will be reclosed after a supplementary time delay. Should the Main CB AutoReclosure relay not be successful in its reclosing attempts, the Tie CB AutoReclosure is blocked. If the Main CB is Open or its Auto-Reclosure Relay is not
ready or Out of service, The TIE CB Auto-Reclosure will reclose The TIE Breaker
after its own dead time without any supplementary time delay.
CHOICES OF EHV SYSTEM:
1. CHOICE OF DEAD TIME:
A. Lower limit is decided by deionising of Circuit Breaker.
B. Upper Limit is decided by Transient Stability and Synchronism.
C. Longer Transmission Lines Require Longer dead Time.
D. The dead time for High Speed Auto-Reclosing scheme with EHV System is 0.3 to
1.2 sec.
2. CHOICE OF RECLAIM TIME:
This should not be set to such a low value that the operating cycle of Breaker is
exceeded when two faults incident occurs close together. The reclaim time will be
in the range of 10 to 30 sec., depending the breaker opening and closing
mechanisms.
3. CHOICE OF ZONE:
This should normally kept in Zone-1. It is a Zone-1 fault and SLG fault only autoreclosure is comes in to picture. In other zones the auto reclosure is blocked.
AUTO-RECLOSURE FOR
ONE & HALF BREAKER SCHEME
TRIP COMMANDS
AUTO RECLOSURE
COMMANDS
79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC)
RAAAM
RASC
79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC)
RAAAM
RASC
79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC)
RAAAM
RASC
1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB

LINE-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
C
E
21 MAIN-1
REL 521
REL531
REL531
21 MAIN-2
REL 316
REC 316*4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
LINE-2
C
21 MAIN-1
REL 521
REC 316*4
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
21 MAIN-2
REL 316
AUTO RECLOSING TIMING CHART

INSTANT OF FAULT
OPERATES
RESETS
TRANSIENT FAULT
PROTECTION
OPERATING
TIME
TRIP COIL CONTACTS

ARC
CONTACTS
ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
OPENING
TIME
CLOSING
TIME
ARCING
TIME
OPERATING TIME
OPERATES
RESETS
PROTECTION
PERMANENT FAULT
CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS

MAKE FULLY CLOSED
ENERGISED
OPERATES
RESETS
RECLOSE
ON TO FAULT
OPERATING
TIME
TRIP COIL CONTACTS

ARC
CONTACTS
ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
DEAD TIME
OPENING
TIME
CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS

ENERGISED
MAKE FULLY CLOSED
CLOSING
TIME
ARCING
TIME
OPERATING TIME
DEAD TIME
ARC
CONTACTS
CONTACTS
SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
TRIP COIL
ENERGISED
SYSTEM DISTURBANCE TIME

RECLOSE INITIATED
BY PROTECTION
RELAY READY TO RESPOND

TO FURTHER FAULT INCIDENTS
(AFTER SUCEESFUL RECLOSRE)
AUTO RECLOSE
RELAY
DEAD TIME
CLOSING PULSE TIME

RECLAIM TIME
TIME
CARRIER
INTERTRIPPING
SCHEMES
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
TYPES OF CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PERMISSIVE TRIPPING
Permissive trip commands are always monitored by a protection
relay. The circuit breaker is tripped when receipt of the command
coincides with operation of the protection relay at the receiving end
responding to a system fault. The receipt of an incorrect signal
must coincide with operation of the receiving end protection for a
trip operation to take place. Normally, the risk of a spurious trip is
lesser. The intention of these schemes is to speed up tripping for
faults occurring within the protected zone.
BLOCKING SCHEME
Blocking commands are initiated by a protection element that
detects faults external to the protected zone. Detection of an
external fault at the local end of a protected circuit results in a
blocking signal being transmitted to the remote end. At the remote
end, receipt of the blocking signal prevents the remote end
protection operating if it had detected the external fault. Loss of the
communications channel is less serious for this scheme than in
others as loss of the channel does not result in a failure to trip when
required. However, the risk of a spurious trip is higher.

Conventional time-stepped distance protection has One of the main disadvantages is that the
instantaneous Zone 1 protection at each end of the protected line cannot be set to cover the whole
of the feeder length and is usually set to about 80%. This leaves two 'end zones', each being about
20% of the protected feeder length. Faults in these zones are cleared in Zone 1 time by the
protection at one end of the feeder and in Zone 2 time (typically 0.25 to 0.5 seconds) by the
protection at the other end of the feeder. This situation cannot be tolerated in some applications,
for two main reasons:
I). Faults remaining on the feeder for Zone 2 time may cause the system to become unstable.
II). Where high-speed auto-reclosing is used, the non-simultaneous opening of the circuit.
Breakers at both ends of the faulted section results in no 'dead time' during the autoreclose cycle
for the fault to be extinguished and for ionized gases to clear. This results in the possibility that a
transient fault will cause permanent lockout of the circuit breakers at each end of the line section.
Even where instability does not occur, the increased duration of the disturbance may give rise to
power quality problems, and may result in increased plant damage.
Unit schemes of protection that compare the conditions at the two ends of the feeder
simultaneously positively identify whether the fault is internal or external to the protected section
and provide high-speed protection for the whole feeder length. This advantage is balanced by the
fact that the unit scheme does not provide the back up protection for adjacent feeders given by a
distance scheme.
The most desirable scheme is obviously a combination of the best features of both arrangements,
that is, instantaneous tripping over the whole feeder length plus back-up protection to adjacent
feeders. This can be achieved by interconnecting the distance protection relays at each end of the
protected feeder by a communications channel.
The purpose of the communications channel is to transmit information about the system
conditions from one end of the protected line to the other, including requests to initiate or prevent
tripping of the remote circuit breaker. The former arrangement is generally known as a 'transfer
tripping scheme' while the latter is generally known as a 'blocking scheme'. However, the
terminology of the various schemes varies widely, according to local custom and practice.

1. ZONE 1 EXTENSION SCHEME (Z1X SCHEME)
2. TRANSFER TRIPPING SCHEMES
I. DIRECT UNDER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (DUTT)
II. PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (PUTT)
III. PUTT FWD SCHEME
IV. PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH ACCELERATED SCHEME
V. PERMISSIVE OVER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (POTT)
VI. WEEK IN FEED CONDITIONS.
3. BLOCKING OVER REACHING SCHEMES
I. BLOCKING OVER-REACHING PROTECTION SCHEME USING ZONE 2.
OR DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION BLOCKING SCHEME
II. BLOCKING OVER-REACHING PROTECTION SCHEME USING ZONE 1.

III. WEEK IN FEED CONDITIONS.
4. DIRECTIONAL COMPARISON UNBLOCKING SCHEME
PROPERTIES OF COMMAND PROTECTION SYSTEMS

OPERATING
MODE
UNDER
REACHING
SENDING
OVER
REACHING
SENDING
PERMISSIVE
CRITERIA
RECEIVING
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
UNDER IMPEDENCE
UNDER VOLTAGE
OVER CURRENT
DISTANE &
DIRECTION
SECURE &
FAST
PERMISSIVE
UNDER
REACH
(PUTT)
ZONE-1
- - -
PERMISSIVE
OVER
REACH
(POTT)
- - -
ZONE-2
DIRECT
TRIP
ZONE-1
- - -
DISTANCE &
DIRECTION
DEPENDABLE
ACCELERA
TED UNDER
REACH
ZONE-1
- - -
ZONE-2
SECURE &
FAST
BLOCKING
OVER
REACH
- - -
REVERSE
LOCKING
DISTANCE &
DIRECTION
SECURE &
FAST
SECURE &
FAST &
DEPENDABLE
PREFFERED APPLICATIONS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PARAMETERS
Signal
Transmission
System
PUTT
POTT
Dependable and secure communication

channel
1. Power line carrier with frequency shift
modulation. HF signal coupled to 2 phases
of the protected line, or even better, to a
parallel circuit to avoid transmission of
the HF signal through the fault location.
2. Microwave radio, especially
digital(PCM)
3. Fibre -optic cables
Characteristic Best suited for

longer lines - where
Of line
the Under-reach
zone provides
sufficient
resistance
coverage.
1. Excellent
coverage On short
lines in the
Presence of fault
resistance.
2. Suitable for the
Protection of multiterminal lines with
intermediate infeed.
BLOCKING
UNBLOCKING
Reliable
communication
channel
(only
required during
external faults)
1. Power line carrier
With
amplitude
Modulation (ON/OFF).
The same frequency
may be used on all
terminals)
All line types
Preferred practice
in the USA.
Dedicated channel
With
continuous
signal Transfer
1. Power line carrier
With frequency shift
keying. Continuous
Signal transmission
must be permitted.
Same as POTT
COMPARISION OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

On normal two-terminal lines the main deciding factors in the choice of the type
of scheme, apart from the reliability of the signalling channel, operating speed
and the method of operation of the system. Table compares the important
characteristics of the various types of scheme.
Criterion
Speed of operation
Transfer Tripping Scheme

Fast
Blocking scheme
Not as Fast
Speed with in-service testing Slower
As fast
Suitable for auto Re Close
Yes
Yes
Security against mal-operation due to:

Current reversal
Special features required
Loss of communications
Poor
good
Weak In feed/Open CB
Modern digital or numerical distance relays are provided with a choice of

several schemes in the same relay. Thus scheme selection is now largely
independent of relay selection, and the user is assured that a relay is available
with all the required features to cope with changing system conditions.
ADVANTAGES & DRAWBACKS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PARAMETERS
PUTT
POTT
ADVANTAGES
1. Simple technique
2. No coordination
Of zones and times
With the opposite
End required.
3.The combination
Of different relay
Types therefore
presents no
Problems.
1. Can be applied without Under

reaching zone1 stage (e.g.
overcompensated Series
compensated lines).
2. Can be applied on Extremely short
lines (impedance less than minimum
relay setting)
3. Better for parallel lines as mutual
coupling is not critical for the
overreach zone
4. Weak in feed terminals are no
problem. (Echo and Weak In feed
logic is included)
Same as POTT
DRAWBACKS
1. Overlapping of the
zone 1 reaches must be
ensured. On parallel
lines, teed feeders and
tapped lines, the
influence of zero
sequence coupling and
intermediate In feeds
must be carefully
considered to make sure
a minimum overlapping
of the zone 1 reach is
always present.
2. Not suitable for weak
In feed terminals
1. Zone reach and signal

timing coordination with the
Remote end is necessary
(current reversal).
Same as POTT
Same as
1. Slow tripping all POTT
Tele-protection trips
must be delayed to
wait for the eventual
blocking signal.
2. Continuous
channel
Monitoring is not
Possible.
BLOCKING
UNBLOCKING
Same as POTT
but:
1. If no signal is
Received (no
block and no
unblock) then
tripping by the
overreach zone
is released
after 20 ms
ADVANTAGES & DRAWBACKS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PARAMETERS
Short Line
Weak Infeed
Amplitude
Modulated
Power Line
Carrier
Frequency or
Phase
Modulated
Power Line
Carrier
Communication
independent
of Power Line
PUTT
Not Suitable as the
Zone1 Operation is
essential and Zone1
setting in X and R
direction must be
small on Short Lines.
POTT
BLOCKING
UNBLOCKING
Suitable Same as
POTT.
Suitable as the Z1B

setting may be
substantially larger than
the Line impedance so
that signal Transmission
is secure for all faults on
the Line.
Suitable as the Strong
end detects all the Line
Faults with the OverReaching Z1B. The
Weak In-feed end then
echos the received
Signal.
Suitable as
Reverse Reach
Setting is
independent of
Line Length.
Not Suitable as the

Signal must be Transmitted through the
Fault Location which
Attenuates the Signal.
Not Suitable same

as PUTT.
Suitable as the
Signal is only sent
when the Line is
not Faulted.
Not Suitable Same

as PUTT.
Suitable as the
Signal can be
Transmitted through
the Fault Location.
Suitable same as
PUTT.
Suitable as the
Signal can be
Transmitted under
all Conditions.
Suitable Same as
PUTT.
Suitable.
Suitable.
Suitable.
Suitable.
Not Suitable as the

Zone1 Operation is
essential at Both
Ends for 100%
Coverage.
Partially Suitable
Suitable Same as
as the Reverse Fault POTT.
is also Detected at
the Weak In-feed
end but no trip at
Weak In-feed end.
NSD 50/
NSD 70
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
ALARM-1
250V DC
PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL

C
S
2+
5C
R
6+
ALARM-2
250V DC
DISPLAY
C
1-
C
S
910+
C
R
1314+
G4AA TB: V9LB
TX
TRIP
A(C)
RX
TRIP
A(C)
C
S
2+
G4AC TB: V9LC
5-
C
R
TX
TRIP
B(D)
RX
TRIP
B(D)
1-
6+
C
S
910+
C
R
1314+
TX
TRIP
C(A)
RX
TRIP
C(A)
TX
TRIP
D(B)
RX
TRIP
D(B)
GA4D TB:V9LC
PROTECTION COUPLERS FOR 400KV LINE
FOR EACH LINE 2Nos PROTECTION COUPLER PANELS PROVIDED.

FOR EACH LINE 1NO CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PROVIDED.
SO, ONE LINE REQUIRES TOTAL 3 PANELS.
CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PURELY FOR VOICE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
TWO SUBSTATIONS, i.e THE LINE CONNECTED SUBSTATIONS.
THE VOICE COMMUNICATION ARE TWO METHODS PROVIDED.
ONE IS HOTLINE COMMUNICATION/DEDICATED/ LIFT&TALK METHOD.
ANOTHER IS DIAL METHOD.
IN PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 TOTAL 3 CARDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR
SENDING & RECEIVING TRIP SIGNALS.
ONE CARD FOR ALARM i.e G4AA. ONE CARD FOR PERMISSIVE/PROTECTION
TRIP i.e G4AC & ANOTHER CARD FOR DIRECT TRIPS i.e G4AD.
IN PROTECTION COUPLER-2 PANEL ALSO 3 CARDS ARE PROVIDED SIMILAR TO
PROTECTION COUPLER-1 PANEL.
THE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL DRAWING IS SHOWN IN PREVIOUS MENU.
1SET TX & RX FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP(G4AC)
1SET TX & RX FOR BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION IN ANOTHER
PANEL(G4AC).
1SET TX & RX FOR DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1( G4AD).
1SET TX & RX FOR SPARE UNDER EMERGENCY(G4AD).
THE ABOVE ARRANGEMENT SIMILAR FOR PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2.
G4AA CARD FOR ALARM.
NSD 50
MAIN-1 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING

G4AC V9LC 1
G4AC V9LC 6
CARRIER RECEIVE
G4AC V9LC 5
ABB
REL521
CR
-VE
CS
G4AC V9LC 2
CARRIER SEND
G4AA V9LB 5
G4AA V9LB 6
PANEL-1
NSD 50
ABB
IN OUT
ALARM
+VE
-VE
G4AC V9LC 10
G4AC V9LC 13
G4AC V9LC 14
ABB
G4AC V9LC 9
PANEL-2
THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP

AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
NSD 50
MAIN-2 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING

G4AC V9LC 1
G4AC V9LC 6
CARRIER RECEIVE
G4AC V9LC 5
ABB
REL316
CR
-VE
CS
G4AC V9LC 2
CARRIER SEND
G4AA V9LB 5
G4AA V9LB 6
PANEL-2
NSD 50
ABB
IN OUT
ALARM
+VE
-VE
G4AC V9LC 10
G4AC V9LC 13
G4AC V9LC 14
ABB
G4AC V9LC 9
PANEL-1
THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP

AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL-1

96 BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL
PANEL-1
87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-2)
ABB
NSD 50

DC +VE
FROM PANEL
CONTROL PANEL
T NC
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
T NC
TIE CB(2-52CB)
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
G4AD V9LC 2
G4AD V9LC 1
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB / RAICA

59L1 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1
87 HZ / TEED-1 PROTECTION
87 LZ / TEED-2 PROTECTION
50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB / RAICA
DC VE FROM PANEL
CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT TRIP
1.
TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
2.
MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
3.
TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED.
4.
MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY).
5.
MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
6.
TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
7.
59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 OPERATED.
8.
9.
87 HZ TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED
10. 87 LZ TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL- 2

PANEL-2
ABB
NSD 50

DC +VE
FROM PANEL
CONTROL PANEL
T NC
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
T NC
TIE CB(2-52CB)
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
G4AD V9LC 2
G4AD V9LC 1
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB / RAICA

87 HZ / TEED-1 PROTECTION
87 LZ / TEED-2 PROTECTION
50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB / RAICA
DC VE FROM PANEL
CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT TRIP
1.
TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
2.
MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
3.
TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED.
4.
MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY).
5.
MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
6.
TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
7.
8.
9.
87 HZ TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED
10. 87 LZ TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE CHANNEL-1&2

PANEL-1
ABB
NSD 50
TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY

(HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR
MAIN CB(152CB)
DC +VE
TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY

TIE CB(252CB)
G4AD V9LC 6
G4AD V9LC 5
PANEL-2
DIRECT TRIP-1
CARRIER RECEIVE
RELAY
+VE
-VE
ABB
NSD 50
TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY

MAIN CB(152CB)
DC +VE
TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY

TIE CB(252CB)
G4AD V9LC 6
G4AD V9LC 5
DIRECT TRIP-2
CARRIER RECEIVE
RELAY
PLCC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM

(TELEPROTECTION)
REL531
REL531
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
NSD 50
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
PLCC
PANEL
ELECTRICAL POWER LINE
PLCC
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
FIBRE OPTIC PROTECTION SYSTEM

(TELEPROTECTION)
REL531
REL531
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C
TUNOS
TUNOS
FOX-U
FOX-515
FOX-U
FOX-515
GECOD/ SIFOX
NSD 70
PANEL
NSD 70
PANEL
GECOD/ SIFOX
NSD 70
PANEL
NSD 70
PANEL
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
FIBRE OPTIC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM

(TELEPROTECTION)
DIGITAL RELAY CONNECTION VIA FIBRE OPTIC
REL531
REL531
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
FOX-U
FOX-515
REC 316*4
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
OTERM
TUNOS
TUNOS
OTERM
FOX-U
FOX-515
REC 316*4
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2

PROTECTION FOR
AUTO TRANSFORMER
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

1.
2.
3.
PURPOSE OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

POWER T/F PROTECTION IS USUALLY INSTALLED TO DISCONNECT THE T/F AT:
A. INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS AND EARTH FAULTS IN THE T/F AND ITS CONNECTED
CIRCUITS.
B. EXTERNAL FAULTS ON OTHER CIRCUITS. (BACK-UP PROTECTION)
C. ABNORMAL SERVICE CONDITIONS SUCH AS OVERLOAD & OVER VOLTAGE.
PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON POWER T/F
A. OIL IMMERSED POWER T/F USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE.
DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR
DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS.
B. LOAD TAPCHANGER COMPARTMENTS MAY HAVE A SIMILAR OVER PRESSURE
DEVICE.
C. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD
PROTECTION.
D. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE T/F FROM HIGH
PRESURES.
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH
IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR T/F.
THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PROTECTION IS THE CURRENT RESTRAINT TYPE.
SOME TYPE OF DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS REQUIRE INTERPOSING CTs FOR CT RATIO
MATCHING AND/OR PHASE SHIFT.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION CAN BE USED ON AUTO T/F & REACTORS.
IT COVERS ONE GALVANICALLY INTERCONNECTED WINDING (WDG DIFF). BUT NOT A
SEPARATE TERTIARY WINDING.
IT REQUIRES A THREE PHASE SET OF CTs AT THE NEUTRAL SIDE OF WINDING.
4.RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

AT/Fs are used to couple EHV Power Networks, If the Ratio of their Voltages is Moderate. An Alternative
to Differential Protection that can be applied to AT/Fs. A Circulating Current System is arranged between
Equal Ratio Current Transformers in the Two Groups of Line Connections and the Neutral End
Connections. The Line Current Transformers can be connected in Parallel to A Single Element Relay, Thus
providing a Scheme Responsive to Earth Faults Only. If Current Transformers are fitted in Each Phase at
the Neutral End of the Windings and a Three-Element Relay is used, A Differential System can be provided,
giving Full Protection against Phase and Earth Faults. This Provides High-speed Sensitive Protection. It is
Unaffected by Ratio Changes on the Transformer due to Tap-changing and is immune to the Effects of
Magnetizing In Rush Current. It does not respond to Interturn Faults. In Addition, This Scheme does not
respond to any Fault in a Tertiary Winding. Unloaded Delta-connected Tertiary Windings are often not
Protected.
5. BACK UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE.
A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY COMBINATION OF THESE)
B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21T).
C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
6.OTHER TYPES OF RELAYS

A. OVER VOLTAGE RELAY (U >).
B. OVER FLUX/ EXCITATION (V/F >)( INVERSE TIME & DIFENITE TIME).
FOR 400KV/220KV & 765/400KV TRANSFORMERS BOTH SIDES( i.e HV & LV) OVER FLUX RELAYS ARE
PROVIDED BECAUSE BOTH SIDES HAVING GRID.
C. AT/F NEUTRAL CURRENT RELAY (51N).
NORMALLY ADOPTED POWER TRANSFORMERS CAPACITIES IN 400KV / 220KV

CAPACITY OF
TRANSFORMER
HV
VOLTAGE
HV CURRENT
LV VOLTAGE
LV
CURRENT
315 MVA
500 MVA
630 MVA
400 KV
400 KV
400 KV
454.68 A
721.71 A
909.35 A
220 KV
220 KV
220 KV
0826.68 A
1312.20 A
1653.37 A
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO

FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS
S.No
CAPACITY
132KV/11KV
16 MVA
31.5 MVA
50 MVA
80 MVA
31.5 MVA
50 MVA
220KV/33KV
100 MVA
160 MVA
220KV/132KV
315 MVA
500 MVA
630 MVA
400KV/220KV
630 MVA
750 MVA
1000MVA
1500MVA
MAIN
PROTECTION
132KV/33KV
765KV/400KV
87T DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
7.5 MVA
16 MVA
25 MVA
31.5 MVA
VOLTAGE
RATIO
BACK UP
PROTECTION
HV
LV
3 OL +
1 DIR EL
3 OL +
1 EL
3 OL +
1 DIR EL
3 OL +
1 EL
3 OL +
1 DIR EL
3 OL +
1 DIR EL
3 OL +
1 EL
3 OL +
1 DIR EL
3 DIR OL
(HIGHSET) +
1 DIR EL
(HIGHSET)
3 DIR OL
(HIGHSET) +
1 DIR EL
(HIGHSET)
ADDITIONAL
PROTECTION
SPECIAL
PROTECTION
BUCHHOLZ,
OLTC OSR
OIL TEMP
WDNG TEMP
NIL
BUCHHOLZ
OVER FLUX
OLTC OSR
PRV/PRD
REF RELAY,
OIL TEMP
OVER LOAD
WDNG TEMP ALARM RELAY
T/F NEUTRAL
CURRENT RELAY
+ HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIIFERENTIAL
RELAY
MAIN / DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F

(4 CT METHOD)
CT MB
3-CT
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S3
5S3
5S3

4 CT METHOD : 3-CT & 2-ACT
6 CT METHOD : 3-ACT & 2-ACT
CLASS: PS
TRIP
5S1
5S1
5S3
5S3
5S3
CORE-5
DISPLAY
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
CT MB
5S3
5S3
5S3
5S4
5S4
5S4
3 3 3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
START
3 3 3
5S1
P2 P2 P2
LV-CT
2-ACT
CORE-5
RET 521/
RET 316
RADSB
ACTIVE
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
AUX.CT Y/
0.91 / 0.577A
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
CT MB
AUX.CT Y/
0.689 / 0.577A
AUX.CT Y/
0.91 / 0.577A
P2 P2 P2
IN CASE OF 1&1/2 CB
SYSTEM, THE DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION CTs
ASSOCIATED WITH MAIN &
TIE CBs SHOULD BE
CONNECTED TO SEPARATE
BIAS WINDINGS AND THESE
SHOULD NOT BE PARALLED
IN ORDER TO AVOID FALSE
OPERATION DUE TO
DISSIMILAR CT TRANSIENT
RESPONSE.
MAIN / DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F

(5 CT METHOD)
3-TCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S3
5S3
5S3
CT MB
AUX.CT Y/
0.91 / 0.577A
P2 P2 P2
RET 521/
RET 316
RADSB
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
AUX.CT Y/
0.689 / 0.577A
CT MB
3 3 3
5S1
5S1
5S1
5S3
5S3
5S3
P2 P2 P2
LV-CT
CORE-5
DISPLAY
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
NORMALLY LOW
IMPEDENCE BIASED
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
IS USED FOR
TRANSFORMER
DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION
SELECTION OF AUX.CTs FOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
NORMALLY 400KV/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMERS ARE OF CAPACITY 315MVA.

FOR MERZ PRICE PROTECTION IF TRANSFORMER IS CONNECTED IN STAR/STAR
THEN CT SECONDARIES ARE TO BE CONNECTED IN DELTA/DELTA.
CORRECT RATIO CTs ARE NOT AVAILABLE, THEN AUX.CTs ARE TO BE PROVIDED
FOR ACHEVING SUITABLE CURRENTS.
IF AUX CTs ARE USING THEN MAIN CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN STAR.
THIS IS BROUGHT TO AUX CTs. AUX CTs PRIMARY IS CONNECTED IN STAR &
SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA.
NORMALLY THE RELAY RATED CURRRENT IS 1A.
AUX.CT s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. FOR ACHIEVING 1A TO
RELAY, AUX.CT SECONDARY CURRENT IS TO BE 0.577A.
THE FULL LOAD PRIMARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 454.7A.
BUT THE 400KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE : 2000-1000-500/1A
NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 500/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED.
HENCE AT FULL LOAD HV CURRENT i.e 454.7A, THEN SECONDARY OF CT
CURRENT WILL BE 0.91A.
SO HV SIDE AUX.CT RATIO IS 0.91/0.577A.
THE FULL LOAD SECONDARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 826.7A.
BUT THE 220KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE: 1200-800/1A.
NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 1200/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED.
HENCE AT FULL LOAD LV CURRENT i.e 826.7A,THEN SECONDARY OF CT CURRENT
WILL BE 0.689A.
SO LV SIDE AUX CT RATIO IS 0.689/0.577A.
SPECIAL INFORMATION: LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS NEED NOT REQUIRE AUX
CTs. IN THESE RELAYS, CT RATIOS MATCHING CAN BE PROGRAMMED.
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV

(4 CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
RAICA IB4 / C451
LBB / BFR
IN4 / C471
50Z
3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S3
4S3
4S3

4 CT METHOD : 3-CT & 2-ACT
6 CT METHOD : 3-ACT & 2-ACT
CLASS: PS
START
C
4S3
4S3
4S4
4S4
4S4
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
IB4 / C451
IY4 / C431
IR4 / C411
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
3 3 3
E172
E174
CT MB
4S3
VY11 / E131
TRIP
DISPLAY
3 3 3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
RAPDK
DIR O/L & E/F
REL 505
ACTIVE
2-ACT
CORE-4
VR11 / E111
3 3
CVT
SELECTION
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LINE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV

(5 CT METHOD)
VR11 / E111
P2 P2 P2
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
3-TCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
CT MB
4S4
4S3
4S4
4S4
4S3
4S3
RAPDK
DIR O/L & E/F
REL 505
ACTIVE
START
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
TRIP
3 3 3
E172
E174
IN4 / C471
DISPLAY
C
3 3
CVT
SELECTION
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LINE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F LV

P1 P1 P1
LV-CT
CTR: 1200 800 /1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S2
4S2
4S2
4S1
4S1
4S1
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
RAICA IB4 / C451
LBB / BFR
IN4 / C471
50Z
VR11 / E111
RAPDK
DIR O/L & E/F
REL 505
ACTIVE
START
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
TRIP
3 3 3
E172
E174
DISPLAY
3 3
VOLTAGE
SELECTION
BUS-1 PT /
BUS-2 PT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
MISCELLENEOUS
RELAYS & PROTECTIONS
ADOPTED FOR
AUTO TRANSFORMER IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(OVER FLUX & REF FUNCTIONS)
PREPARED BY

ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
OVER EXCITATION/FLUX RELAY

{FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER HV & LV}
VOLTAGE
SELECTION
CVT SELECTION
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LINE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
RATUB
BUS-1 PT /
V/F RELAY
HV
CORE-1
RATUB
V/F RELAY
LV
BUS-2 PT
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F

RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
P2 P2 P2
400KV HV
CORE-1
S2
S2
S1
S1
S1
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
S2
RADHD
ACTIVE START
TRIP
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
P1 P1 P1
P1 P1 P1
NEUTRAL
CORE-1
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
CTR: 1000/ 1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
P1 P1 P1
220KV LV
CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
DISPLAY
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F

3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
P2 P2 P2
400KV HV
CORE-1
S2
S2
S1
S1
S1
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
S2
RADHA
ACTIVE START
TRIP
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
P1 P1 P1
P1 P1 P1
NEUTRAL
CORE-1
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
CTR: 1000/ 1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
P1 P1 P1
220KV LV
CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
DISPLAY
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
315MVA, 400KV/220KV AT/F VOLAGE SELECTION

BUS-1
LINE1
1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB
BUS-2
AT/F-1
FEEDER HAVING LINE CVTs &BUSES ARE HAVING BUS CVTs BUT AT/Fs ARE
NOT HAVING CVTs. FOR TRANSFORMER PANEL, PT SUPPLY IS SELECTED AS
PER SELECTION DESCRIBED BELOW FOR METERING AND PROTECTION,
WHICH IS FIRST SELECTED .
BUS-1
CVT
BUS-2
CVT
LINE
CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Bus-1 and 1-52CB & 2-52CB is closed. Then
Bus-1 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control &
Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
If AT/F is feeding from Bus-2 and 3-52 CB is closed & 2-52CB is
open. Then Bus-2 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to
Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
If AT/F is feeding from Direct Line and 2-52CB is closed & 1-52 CB
& 3-52 CB is open and 389T ISO is Closed . Then line CVT is
selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for
Auto Transformer.
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2

PROTECTION FOR
SHUNT REACTOR
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF SHUNT REACTOR
1. TYPES OF REACTORS :
A. BASED ON REACTOR CONNECTION
i. SHUNT REACTOR.
ii. SERIES REACTOR.
B. BASED ON REACTOR LOCATION
i. BUS REACTOR
ii. LINE REACTOR
C. BASED ON CONTROL
i. 3-PH OIL IMMERSED REACTOR WITH GAPPED IRON CORE.
ii. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR (STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR)
(APTRANSCO UTILISING SHUNT REACTORS FOR BUS & LINE IN 400KV NETWORK)
2. NEED OF SHUNT REACTOR:
A. LINE REACTOR
SHUNT REACTORS ARE USED IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR THE CAPACITIVE SHUNT
REACTANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES. THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE LINE. THE
LOCATION OF REACTOR IS OUT GOING SIDE OF LINE i.e AFTER CIRCUIT BREAKER. LENGTH OF LINE
IS MORE THERE MAY BE VOLTAGE IS RAISING DUE TO FARANTI EFFECT(CAPACITANCE) DURING
CHARGING. IN CASE OF ZONE-2 (OPEN JUMPER) FAULT, THE FAULT CLEARED BY REMOTE END IS
FAST, BUT THIS END IT WILL TAKE TIME DELAY DUE TO ZONE-2. DURING THIS TIME, VOLTAGE MAY
RAISING. SO, LINE REACTOR IS USED FOR CONTROLLING THE SWITCHING OVER VOLTAGES AND
SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT. NORMALLY IT IS ALWAYS IN SERVICE. NORMALLY BOTH
ENDS LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED. THE ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK IS PROVIDED THAT IF
REACTOR ISOLATOR CLOSSED POSITION ONLY WILL GIVE PERMIT TO CLOSE THE LINE ISOLATOR.
SIMILARLY FOR OPENING REACTOR ISOLATOR THE LINE ISOLATOR SHOULD BE IN OPEN POSITION.
NEUTRAL REACTOR CONNECTED BETWEEN THE STAR POINT OF EHV SHUNT REACTOR AND THE
GROUND, LIMITS THE SECONDARY ARC CURRENT TO A LOW VALUE OF AROUND 10 AMPS
TYPICALLY FOR 400KV SYSTEM TO ENSURE COMPLETE DE-IONISATION OF ARC PATH WHEN EHV
SYSTEM DEVELOPS A SINGLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT. ARC EXTINCTION DURING LINE SINGLEPHASE AUTORECLOSE DEAD TIME IS ASSISTED BY THIS NEUTRAL REACTOR.
3.
4.
B. BUS REACTOR
THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE BUS i.e LIKE A FEEDER/LINE.
DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITIONS THERE MAY BE POSSIBULITY OF RAISING
BUS VOLTAGES. FOR SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT BUS REACTORS
ARE UTILISING. NORMALLY IT IS NOT IN SERVICE. WHENEVER THE VOLTAGE
RAISES TO 4%TO 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT IN
SERVICE AND 2% TO 3% LESS THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT OUT
OF SERVICE.
SELECTION OF REACTOR
A. LINE REACTOR
NORMALLY LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE LINE IS MORE OR EQUAL TO
250KM. IN APTRANSCO NETWORK MAXIMUM LENTH OF LINE IS 350KM. AS PER
SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS IF LINE LENGTH IS 250KM TO 300KM 50MVAR
REACTOR IS TO BE USED. IF MORE THAN 300KM 63MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE
USED.
B. BUS REACTOR
NORMALLY BUS REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE SUBSTATION BUS VOLTAGE IS
RAISING 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE DURING LIGHTLY LOADED
CONDITION. BASED ON THE SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS BUS REACTORS
ARE TO BE PROVIDED. CALCULATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR PROVIDING BUS
REACTOR. IN THIS THERE IS NO STANDARDISATION.
LOCATION OF REACTORS WITH CAPACITY IN APTRANSCO
A. LINE REACTOR
1. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 1 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR
2. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 2 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR
B. BUS REACTOR
1. 400KV KALAPAKA SS 2 X 50 MVAR
2. 400KV NUNNA SS(PGCIL BAYS) 1 x 63 MVAR
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PURPOSE OF SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

THE PURPOSE OF THE PROTECTION RELAYING IS TO DISCONNECT THE REACTOR AND
LIMIT DAMAGE IN CASE OF INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS, EARTH FAULTS, INTERTURN
FAULTS AND OVER VOLTAGE OR OVER LOAD.THE REACTOR FORMS CERTAIN
IMPEDENCE FOR RATED FREQUENCY, AND AS IT IS SHUNT CONNECTED, AS OVER LOAD
MAY BE CAUSED BY OVER VOLTAGE OR HARMONICS IN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT.
PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON REACTOR
A. OIL IMMERSED REACTOR USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE.
DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR
DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS.
B. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD
PROTECTION.
C. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE REACTOR FROM HIGH
PRESURES.
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH
IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR REACTOR.
IT CAN BE OF HIGH IMPEDENCE TYPE OR OF A SENSITIVE CURRENT STABILISED TYPE.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAYS REQUIRE AN EQUAL CT TURNS
RATIO ON THE PHASE AND NEUTRAL SIDE. SENSITIVITY IS 5% OF NOMINAL REACTOR CT
CURRENT.
BACK-UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE.
A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY
COMBINATION OF THESE)
B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21R).
C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
IF, FOR SOME REASON, A SENSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION NOT CHOOSEN A
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION CAN BE UTILISED.
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)

(4CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
IL
INTER LOCK FACILITY:
WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY
PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND
1-89L OPENS ONLY
PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
3P1
3-CT
3
P1
1-89A
UUU
1-89L
2-89A
P1
P2
2-BCT
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
3-89R
UUUU
1-PH NEUTRAL
GROUNDING REACTOR
IL
UUU
LINE
SHUNT
REACTOR
P1 3
1-RCT
2-ACT
1-89R
P2
3-89A
LINE 1
BUS
SHUNT
REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)

(5CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
IL
INTER LOCK FACILITY:
WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY
PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND
1-89L OPENS ONLY
PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
3P1
3 3-CT
P1
1-89A
2-89A
IL
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
3-89R
P2
1-89L
1-LCT
P1
P2
3P1
LINE 1
P1
3 3-RCT
UUUU
UUU
UUU
1-PH NEUTRAL
GROUNDING
REACTOR
P2
LINE
SHUNT
REACTOR
2-CT
1-89R
1-RCT
P1 3
3-89A
BUS
SHUNT
REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

PROTECTIONS
3,4,6S - CT METHOD
5,6T1,6T2 - CT METHOD
LINE PROTECTION
IN THIS REACTOR CT CURRENT IS OPPOSES THE
MAIN&TIE CT CURRENT. VECTOR SUM OF CTs i.e.
MAIN, TIE & REACTOR IS LINE CURRENT.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION,
MAIN-2 PROTECTION,
METERING,
BUSBAR & BUSBAR
CHECKUP PROTECTION
3CT METHOD, 4CT METHOD,

6CT(S) METHOD
AS USUAL IN
5CT METHOD,
6CT(T1) METHOD,
6CT(T2) METHOD
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

MAIN PROTECTION ( 87 R )
(DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION)
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL

BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT
REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY.

BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT
RELAY.
BACK UP PROTECTION(21R)
( SINGLE STEP REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION )
1-RCT CORE-1 & SELECTED CVT IS

CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP
REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY.

RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT

PROTECTION (64 R )
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & 1-PH

NEUTRAL GROUNDING REACTOR
EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-1.2 OF
LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS
CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH
RELAY(REF).
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & I-PH

NEUTRAL GROUNDING REACTOR
EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-1.2 OF
LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS
RELAY(REF).
METERING
REACTOR STAR SIDE BUSHING CT

CORE-1 IS CONNECTED TO REACTOR
METERING
REACTOR STAR SIDE BUSHING CT

CORE-1 IS CONNECTED TO
REACTOR METERING
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

PROTECTIONS
4 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

MAIN PROTECTION (87 R)
(DIFFERENTIALPROTECTION)

BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF BUS SHUNT
RELAY.
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1&
NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF
BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RLY.
BACK UP PROTECTION (21R )

( SINGLE STEP REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION )
3-CT CORE-5 & 2-ACT CORE-5

SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED
PARALLEL & SELECTED CVT IS


PROTECTION ( 64 R )
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH

BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS SHUNT
RELAY(REF).
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH

BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS
SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED
TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF).
SPECIAL PROTECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR
STUB PROTECTION
TEED-1: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT

TEED-2: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION :

3-CT, 2A-CT & REACTOR HV CT
TEED-1: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT

TEED-2: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT
CVT SELECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR: ACCORDING

TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS
POSITION BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE CVT
WILL BE SELECTED.
BUS SHUNT REACTOR:

ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS &
BREAKERS POSITION BUS-1/
BUS-2 CVT WILL BE SELECTED.
REACTOR BUSHING CT CONNECTIONS

CORES
LINE SHUNT REACTOR

4 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
BUS SHUNT REACTOR

4 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
HV (400KV SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1(PS)
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
CORE-2(PS)
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
CORE-3*(PS)
SPARE
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
SPARE
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
TEED PROTECTION
SPARE
METERING
METERING
NEUTRAL (STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1
METERING
METERING
CORE-2(PS)
SPARE
SPARE
CORE-3(PS)
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
(0.2/0.5)
NEUTRAL REACTOR (MAIN REACTOR STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1.1(PS)
SPARE
SPARE
NEUTRAL REACTOR (EARTH POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1.2 (PS)
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
*NOTE: NORMALLY CORE-3 OF HV

BUSHING CT IS USED FOR REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. FOR REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION EITHER CORE-3
OF HV BUSHING CT OR ONE OF THE
PROTECTION CORE OF EXTERNAL CT
MAY BE UTILISED.

.
(4CT METHOD)
1-RCT
NEUTRAL BUSHING
(STAR PONT SIDE)
CTs
CORES
3 2 1
200/ 1A
P1
3
3
3
LINESHUNT
REACTOR
UUU
P2
.
.
CORE 1.1
.
P2
CORES
4 3 2
.
.
.
.
LINE
METERING
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
1-CT
1-PH NEUTRAL
GROUNDING REACTOR
UUU
P2
.
CORE 1.2
.
P1
200/ 1A
P2
1-CT
2B-CT
LINE
1-CT
2B-CT
LINE
2B-CT

RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION
P1
200/ 1A
2000-1000-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
1-89R
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
HV BUSHING
(400KV SIDE) CTs
CORES
3 2 1
P1
200/ 1A
CORE-1:
CORE-2:
CORE-3:
CORE-4:
CORE-5:
SELECTED
BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE
CVT VOLTAGE
REACTOR METERING

.
(5CT METHOD)
1-RCT
NEUTRAL BUSHING
(STAR PONT SIDE)
CTs
2000-1000-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
1-89R
P2
1-LCT CORE-1
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-1

1-CT CORE-5
P1
CORES
3 2 1
200/ 1A
3
3
3
LINESHUNT
REACTOR
P1
UUU
P2
CORES
4 3 2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
HV BUSHING
(400KV SIDE) CTs
CORES
3 2 1
P1
200/ 1A
CORE-1:
CORE-2:
CORE-3:
CORE-4:
CORE-5:
2-CT CORE-5
.
.
CORE 1.1
.
P2
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-2
SELECTED
BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE
CVT VOLTAGE
UUU
P2
1-PH NEUTRAL
GROUNDING REACTOR
.
CORE 1.2
.
P1
200/ 1A
P2
2-CT
CORE-4
1-LCT
CORE-2
P1
200/ 1A
1-CT
CORE-4

REACTOR METERING
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
2-52CB
4 3 2
CORES
2A-CT
.
3 2 1
CORES
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs

200/ 1A
(STAR PONT SIDE)
. UUU
P1
3
3
3
3
3
3
P2
3-89R
2-89B
P1
P1
3-89A
P2
3-CT
5 4 3
CORES
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
REACTOR METERING
P2
3
3
SELECTED
BUS-1/ BUS-2
CVT VOLTAGE
3-52CB
P2 3
2 1
CORES
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
200/ 1A
P1
HV BUSHING CTs
(400KV SIDE)
3-89
BUS-2
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
(4CT METHOD)
BUS BAR PROTECTION
1
2
3
3
3
.
2-52CB P1
2-CT
P2
3-89A
P2 3
2 1
CORES
BUS SHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A
P1
HV BUSHING CTs
(400KV SIDE)
2-89B
3
3
3
3
3
P2
3R-CT
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs

200/ 1A
(STAR PONT SIDE)
P1
P1
3-89R
CORES
2 3 4
3 2 1
CORES
. UUU
3
3
3
P2
3
3
3
3-CT
4 3 2
CORES
P2
P1
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
TEED-2 PROT (BAY 2&3)


3-52CB
CORES
3 4 5
3-89
3
3
3
3
3
REACTOR METERING
(5CT METHOD)
3
3
SELECTED
BUS-1/ BUS-2
CVT VOLTAGE
BUS BAR PROTECTION

BUS-2
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR

LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION TRIPPINGS WILL BE USED AS DIRECT TRIPPINGS OF LINE IN
ADDITION TO OTHER TRIPPINGS. BUS SHUNT REACTOR NEED NOT REQUIRE CARRIER INTER
TRIPPING FACILITY.
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RADHA
21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY
RAKZB
ABB
NSD 50
LINE PROTECTION
COUPLER PANEL-1
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
RADHD
REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS
G4AD V9LC 2
GROUP-1/A TRIPPINGS
G4AD V9LC 1
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RADHA
21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY
RAKZB
ABB
NSD 50
DC VE FROM PANEL
LINE PROTECTION
COUPLER PANEL-2
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
RADHD
REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS
G4AD V9LC 2
GROUP-2/B TRIPPINGS
G4AD V9LC 1
DC VE FROM PANEL
ADDITIONAL AND
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(EVENT LOGGER & DISTURBANCE
RECORDER)
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
400KV SUBSTATION: MAMIDIPALLY

19 MAR 2004 13:00:00
A 13:09:37.090 # 195
A 13:09:37.096 # 188
A 13:09:37.097 # 187
A 13:09:37.100 # 181
A 13:09:37.104 # 162
A 13:09:37.110 # 196
A 13:09:37.110 # 170
A 13:09:37.111 # 161
A 13:09:37.111 # 163
A 13:09:37.111 # 169
A 13:09:37.112 # 168
A 13:09:37.113 # 182
A 13:09:37.126 # 199
A 13:09:37.140 # 185
N 13:09:37.147 # 195
N 13:09:37.148 # 196
N 13:09:37.175 # 187
N 13:09:37.176 # 181
N 13:09:37.176 # 188
N 13:09:37.185 # 182
N 13:09:37.257 # 199
N 13:09:37.279 # 185
19 MAR 2004 14:00:00
N 14:09:48.702 # 163
N 14:09:48.704 # 161
N 14:09:48.720 # 162
N 14:10:00.903 # 169
N 14:10:00.907 # 168
N 14:10:00.907 # 170
19 MAR 2004 15:00:00
EVENT LOGGER EVENTS INFORMATION
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP

400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT STARTY
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT STARTR
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND
400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED
400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START R RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START Y RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH CLOSE
DISTURBANCE RECORDER
R PH VOLTAGE
Y PH VOLTAGE
B PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R PH CURRENT
Y PH CURRENT
B PH CURRENT
STAR/NEUTRAL CURRENT
MAIN CB R PH OPEN
MAIN CB Y PH OPEN
MAIN CB B PH OPEN
TIE CB R PH OPEN
TIE CB Y PH OPEN
TIE CB B PH OPEN
MAIN/TIE CB LBB OPTD
DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 OPTD
BUSBAR PROT OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT OPTD
MAIN-2 PROT OPTD
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1/2 OPTD
STUB PROT-1/2 OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
MAIN-2 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
DF/DT OPTD
EVENT NO
NAME OF FEEDER
DATE & TIME
PREFERRED DISTURBANCE RECORDER

400 KV LINES
400 KV TRANSFORMER
ANALOG CHANNELS
ANALOG CHANNELS
DIGITAL CHANNELS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1. HV
2. HV
3. HV
4. HV
5. LV
6. LV
7. LV
8. LV
9. HV
10. HV
11. HV
12. HV
13. LV
14. LV
15. LV
16. LV
1. HV MAIN CB R-PH OPEN

2. HV MAIN CB Y-PH OPEN
3. HV MAIN CB B-PH OPEN
4. HV TIE CB R-PH OPEN
5. HV TIE CB Y-PH OPEN
6. HV TIE CB B-PH OPEN
7. LV 220 CB R-PH OPEN
8. LV 220 CB Y-PH OPEN
9. LV 220 CB B-PH OPEN
10 87 LZ DIFF RLY OPERATED
11. HV 67 ABCN OPERATED
12. LV 67 ABCN OPERATED
13. 51 O/L RLY OPERATED
14. 64 REF / 87 HZ RLY OPERATED
15. NDR RLY OPERATED
16. HV 99T OVER FLUX OPTD
17. LV 99T OVER FLUX OPTD
18. HV 400 BUSBAR OPERATED
19. LV 220 BUSBAR OPERATED
20. HV MAIN CB LBB OPERATED
21. HV TIE CB LBB OPERATED
22. LV 220 CB LBB OPERATED
23. HV 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPTD
24. LV 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPTD
25. AT/F 21T UZ RELAY OPERATED
26. OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
27. WNDG TEMP HV/IV/LV TRIP
28. BUCHHOLZ MAIN/OLTC TRIP
29. PRD 1/ 2 TRIP
30. AT/F NEUTRAL CURRENT TRIP
R-PH VOLTAGE
Y-PH VOLTAGE
B-PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R-PH CURRENT
Y-PH CURRENT
B-PH CURRENT
NEUTRAL/STAR CURRENT
DIGITAL CHANNELS
1. HV MAIN CB R-PH OPEN
2. HV MAIN CB Y-PH OPEN
3. HV MAIN CB B-PH OPEN
4. HV TIE CB R-PH OPEN
5. HV TIE CB Y-PH OPEN
6. HV TIE CB B-PH OPEN
7. 21 MAIN1 REL 521 OPERATED
8. 21 MAIN2 REL 316 OPERATED
9. 87 BUSBAR RELAY OPERATED
10. MAIN CB A/R OPERATED
11. TIE CB A/R OPERATED
12. PSB OPERATED
13. SOTF OPERATED
14. 27 O/V STG-1/2 OPERATED
15. 51 STUB-1/2 OPERATED
16. 87HZ / LZ TEED-1/2 OPERATED
17. MAIN CB LBB OPERATED
18. TIE CB LBB OPERATED
19. DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 TRIP
20. 21M1 / 21M2 CARRIER RECEIVE
21. 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPERATED
22. 67N DEF/TEF RLY OPERATED
23. DF/DT RELAY OPERATED
R-PH VOLTAGE
Y-PH VOLTAGE
B-PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R-PH VOLTAGE
Y-PH VOLTAGE
B-PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R-PH CURRENT
Y-PH CURRENT
B-PH CURRENT
R-PH CURRENT
Y-PH CURRENT
B-PH CURRENT
CONFIGUARATION
OF CONTROL &
RELAY PANELS IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
CONFIGUARATION OF C & R PANEL

CONTROL PANEL
CB RELAY PANEL
LINE PROTECTION PANEL
1. AMMETERS IN 3Phs
2. VOLTMETER WITH SEL. SWITCH
3. WATTMETER
4. VAR METER
5. 20W ANNUCIATION FACIA
6. CB CONTROL (TNC) SWITCH
7. ISO CONTROL (TNC) SWITCH
8. SEMAPHORE FOR EARTH SWITCH
9. INDICATING LAMPS FOR CB G&R
10. INDICATING LAMPS FOR ISO
11. INDICATING LAMPS FOR DC
12. INDICATING LAMPS FOR ISO I/L
13. PUSH BUTTON FOR ANNUNCIATION
14. SYNCHRONISING SOCKET FOR CB
15. SYNCHRONISING SEL.SWITCH
16. PROTECTION TRANSFER
17. MIMIC TO REPRESENT SLD
18. CUTOUT FOR RWTI WITH SEL .SWI.
19. PANEL INDICATING LABEL
1. BREAKER FAILURE RELAY

2. AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY
3. CHECK SYNCHRONISING RELAY
4. CB ALARM RELAYS
5. CB TRIP CKT SUPERVISION RELAYS
6. 3-PH TRIP UNITS 86-GA & 86-GB
7. 1-PH TRIP RELAYS M1, M2 - 1 2 Nos
8. DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE RELAYS
9. DC SUPERVISION RELAYS
10. U/V RELAY E/S I/L
11. CB MULTIPLICATION RELAY
12. TEST TERMINAL BLOCK
13. ENERGY METER
14. AUX RELAYS
1. MAIN-1 NUM. DIST. PROT

2. MAIN-2 NUM. DIST. PROT.
3. O/V STAGE-1 (EXT/IN BUILT)
4. O/V STAGE-2 (EXT/IN BUILT)
5. DISTURBANCE RECORDER(EXT/INBUILT)
6. DISTANCE TO FAULT (EXT/ INBUILT)
7. DC SUPERVISION RELAYS
8. TEED-1 PROTECTION
9. TEED-2 PROTECTION
10. STUB-1/2 PROTECTION (EXT/ INBUILT)
11. AUXILIARY RELAYS
12. MAIN-1 CARRIER SEL.SWITCH
13. MAIN-2 CARRIER SEL.SWITCH
14. CARRIER RECEIVE RELAYS
15. FLAG RELAYS
16. TIMERS
* IN CASE OF ONE AND HALF CB

SYSTEM CONTROL PANEL FOR FULL
DIA IS TO BE AVAILABLE
CONFIGUARATION OF C & R PANEL

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION PANEL
HV PROTECTION PANEL
1. T/F DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

2. REF PROTECTION RELAY
3. DIRECTIONAL O/L E/F RELAYS
4. OVER FLUX PROTECTION
5. OVER LOAD PROTECTION
6. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS
7. FUSE FAILURE RELAY
8. AUX RELAYS FOR T/F TROBLES
9. FLAG RELAYS
10. TIMERS
11. CIRCUIT LABEL
MV PROTECTION PANEL
1. DIRECTIONAL O/L E/F RELAYS

2. OVER FLUX PROTECTION
3. NEUTRAL DISPALCEMENT RELAY
4. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS
5. FUSE FAILURE RELAY
6. AUX RELAYS FOR T/F TROBLES
7. FLAG RELAYS
8. TIMERS
9. CIRCUIT LABEL
REACTOR PROTECTION PANEL

1. REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
2. REF PROTECTION RELAY
3. REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION
4. CVT SELECTION RELAYS
5. FLAG RELAYS
6. AUX RELAYS
7. TIMERS
8. CIRCUIT LABEL
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE THE FOLLOWING PANELS WILL BE AVAILABLE

1. CONTROL PANELS FOR LINE, T/F, B/C, TBC, BUS REACTOR (AS & WHEN REQ)
2. COMMON CONTROL PANEL
3. BUS BAR PROTECTION PANELS
4. TRANSFER BUS COUPLER PROTECTION PANEL(IN CASE OF DMT/SMT SCHEME)
5. BUS COUPLER PROTECTION PANEL (IN CASE OF DMT/DB SCHEME)
I. NOMINCLATURE FOR PANELS ARE NORMALLY
MAIN CB PANEL RLA, TIE CB PANEL RTB, HV CB PANEL RTRA, LV CB PANEL RTRD
LINE PROTECTION PANEL RLB, HV PROTECTION PANEL RTRB, LV PROTECTION PANEL
RTRC, LINE REACTOR PROTECTION PANEL RLRC, BUS REACTOR PROTECTION PANEL
RBRA, BUS BAR PANEL RBBA, CONTROL PANEL CP, KP, KT, KBC, KTBC,KL,CCP
MV CB RELAY PANEL
MV PROTECTION PANEL
HV PROTECTION PANEL
HV CB RELAY PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
LINE REACTOR PROT PANEL
DIA WITH LINE & REACTORS

MV CB RELAY PANEL
MV PROTECTION PANEL
HV PROTECTION PANEL
HV CB RELAY PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
LINE-2 PROTECTION PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
LINE-1 PROTECTION PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
DIA WITH TWO LINES
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
BUS REACTOR PROT PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
LINE REACTOR PROT PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
ARRANGEMENT OF C & R PANELS

DIA WITH LINE & TRANSFORMER
DIA WITH LINE, REACTOR & T/F
TRIP LOGICS
OF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
GROUP-A & GROUP-B TRIPPINGS

FOR 400KV STATIONS THERE SHALL BE TWO SEPARATE BATTERY SYSTEMS AVAILABLE FOR
PROTECTION, CONTROL & TRIPPING/CLOSING OPERATIONS. TO OBTAIN REDUNDENCY AND TO BE
ABLE TO TAKE PROTECTION OUT FOR MAINTANENCE, WHILE EQUIPMENT IS IN SERVICE, THE
RELAYS ARE ELECTRICALLY AND PHYSICALLY SEGREGATED IN TO TWO GROUPS. GROUPING IS
DONE TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE IN SUCH A WAY THAT EACH GROUP CAN INDEPENDENTLY
CARRYOUT PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS WITH NEAR EQUAL REDUNDENCY. INTER CONNECTION OF
THESE TWO GROUPS SHALL NOT BE GENERALLY BE ATTEMPTED.
DISTRIBUTION OF DC SUPPLY SHALL BE DONE BAY WISE TO FEED THE FOLLOWING
1. PROTECTION
2. CB CONTROL
3. ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH CONTROL
4. ANNUNCIATION / INDICATION
LINE PROTECTION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
REACTOR PROTECTION
GROUP-A
GROUP-A
GROUP-A
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
M1 BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
TEED-1 PROTECTION
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 PROT
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1 RECEIVED
T/F DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

T/F HV BACKUP RELAY
T/F IMP / 21T RELAY
T/F HV OVERFLUX RELAY
OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
PRESURE RELIEF TRIP
TERITIARY DELTA WNDG NDR PROT
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

REACTOR BACKUP / 21R RELAY
OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
PRESURE RELIEF TRIP
GROUP-B
MAIN-2 PROTCTION
M2 BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
TEED-2 PROTECTION
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 PROT
LBB/BFR RELAY
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2 RECEIVED
GROUP-B
T/F REF / HIGH Z DIFF RELAY
BUCHHOLZ TRIP
T/F LV BACKUP RELAY
T/F NEUTRAL CURRENT / 51 O/C RLY
T/F LV OVERFLUX RELAY
OVER LOAD PROT (ALARM ONLY)
OLTC BUCHHOLZ TRIP
WINDING TEMP HIGH TRIP
LOW/ HIGH OIL LEVEL TRIP
GROUP-B
REACTOR REF RELAY
BUCHHOLZ TRIP
WINDING TEMP HIGH TRIP
LOW/ HIGH OIL LEVEL TRIP
FIRE PROTECTION TRIP
SOTF, PSB
MAIN-1/MAIN-2 CARRIER SEND
INITIATE 400KV B/B PROT
DIRECT TRIP CARRIER SEND
INITIATE SCADA (DR & SOE)
INITIATE ALARM
BLOCK T_CB A/R RELAY
1-PH
BLOCK M_CB A/R RELAY
START T_CB A/R RELAY
21 M2
START M_CB A/R RELAY
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-B

INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
1-PH
OUTPUT
INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
GROUP
21 M1
SYMBOL
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
PROTECTION
RELAY
MAIN CB FOR LINE (1-52CB)TRIPPING LOGICS
IN BUILT FUNCTIONS OF DISTANCE SCHEME
OVER VOLTAGE
STAGE-1 & STAGE-2
(BUILT IN 21 M1)
59 L1 & L2
3-PH
OVER VOLTAGE
STAGE-1 & STAGE-2
(BUILT IN 21 M2)
59 L1 & L2
3-PH
STUB, TOC, BOC,

TEF, DEF,
(BUILT- IN 21M1)
3-PH
STUB, TOC, BOC,

TEF, DEF,
(BUILT- IN 21M2)
3-PH
TEED PROT-1
87T HZ
3-PH
TEED PROT-2
87T LZ
3-PH
DIRECT TRIP CH-1 RECD
3-PH
3-PH
M_CB BFR / LBB PROT
3-PH
T_CB BFR / LBB PROT
3-PH
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
INITIATE T_CB A/R PRIORITY
INITIATE ALARM
TO SCADA (DR & SOE)
1-PH & 3PH
SYNC CHECK RELAY

(BUILT IN 21M1 & 21M2)
25 SYNC
A&B
3-PH
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
186
1-PH
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
86 GR A
3-PH
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
286
1-PH
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
86 GR B
3-PH
TRIP SIGNAL FROM 400KV

BUSBAR PROTECTION
96 BB
3-PH
LINE UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
27 UV
89LE C LOSE PERMISSION
OUTPUT
A&B
START LBB/BFR M_C B
GROUP
79 A/R
INITIATE M_C B TRIP COIL-2
SYMBOL
AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY

(BUILT IN 21M1 & 21M2)
INITIATE M_C B TRIP COIL-1
PROTECTION
RELAY
CLOSE MAIN CB
MAIN CB FOR LINE (1-52 CB) TRIPPING LOGICS
PROTECTION
RELAY
SYMBOL
GROUP
OUTPUT
T_CB BFR / LBB PROT

50 ZT
B
3-PH
M_CB BFR / LBB PROT

(152 CB & 352 CB)
50 Z
B
3-PH
AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY

79
A/R
A
&
B
1-PH
&
3-PH
SYNC CHECK RELAY

25
3-PH
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A

186
A
1-PH
X
X
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A

86A
A
3-PH
X
X
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B

286
B
1-PH
X
X
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B

86B
B
3-PH
X
X

A
3-PH

B
3-PH
X
X
X
INITIATE SCADA (DR & SOE)
INITIATE ALARM
DIRECT TRIP CARRIER SEND
252 START LBB/BFR OF T_CB

252 CLOSE T_CB
252 INITIATE T_CB TRIPCOIL-1 & COIL-2
352 INITIATE M_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-B

352 INITIATE M_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-A

252 INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-B

252 INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
252 INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
252 INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-A


TIE CB TRIPPING LOGICS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
INITIATE SCADA ( SOE)
HV BACKUP PROTECTION
67 ABCN
3-PH
HV OVER FLUX PROT
99T HV
3-PH
OVER LOAD RELAY
51 O/L
3-PH
HV PROT TRIP UNIT GR-A & B
86 GR-A/B
A/B
3-PH
REF PROTECTION
64T(HZ)
3-PH
TEED PROT-1 / 2
87T HZ/LZ
A/B
3-PH
STUB PROT
50 STUB
3-PH
AT/F TROUBLE TRIP HV & LV
86 GR-A/B
A/B
3-PH
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
INITIATE LV_CBTRIP COIL-2
INITIATE LV_CB TRIP COIL-1
START LV_CB LBB/BFR RELAY
START M_CB LBB/BFR RELAY
INTER TRIP CIRCUIT HV & LV
3-PH
INITIATE M_CBTRIP COIL-2
INITIATE M_CB TRIP COIL-1
INITIATE ALARM
INITIATE LV_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
INITIATE LV_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
OUTPUT
87T(LZ)
GROUP
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
PROTECTION
RELAY
SYMBOL
MAIN CB FOR AT/F (3-52CB)TRIPPING LOGICS
AT/F TROUBLE ALRM

M_CB BFR / LBB PROT
50Z
3-PH
T_CB BFR / LBB PROT
50ZT
3-PH
LV_CB BFR / LBB PROT
50Z
3-PH
400KV B/B PROT
87 BB
96
3-PH
220KV B/B PROT
87 BB
96
3-PH
LV BACKUP PROTECTION
67 ABCN
3-PH
LV OVER FLUX PROT
99T LV
3-PH
TERI NEUTRAL DISP PROT
151N
3-PH
LV PROT TRIP UNIT GR-A & B
86 GR-A/B
A/B
3-PH
X
X
PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

86-A
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
REL521
MAIN-1
TRIP COIL-1
1-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
RET521
MAIN-1
TRIP COIL-1
2-52CB
TRIP COIL-1
3-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-2
BUS-1
86-B
ABB
REL521
MTR/
MAIN-1
HSTR
ABB
REL316
MAIN-2
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
RET316
MAIN-2
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY

86-B : GROUP-B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
ZONE-1 & SINGLE PHASE FAULT
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
INITIATE TIE CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
START MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE
START TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
CARRIER SEND
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)
TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER
TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
INITIATE TIE CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
START MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE
START TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND
AUTO RECLOSURE
CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR A/R OPERATION
1.
2.
3.
7.
8.
9.
CB CLOSE CONDITION.
TIME LAPSED MORE THAN RECLAIM TIME.
OPERATING PRESSURE OF CB SUITABLE FOR AUTORECLOSURE
OPERATION.
DC SUPPLY TO AUTORECLOSURE SHOULD BE AVAILABLE.
PREPARE 3-PH TRIP RELAY SHOULD BE RELEASED CONDITION.
NO BLOCKING SIGNAL TO AUTORECLOSURE RELAY.
POLE DISTURBANCE RELAY TIME SHOULD BE MORE THAN
TWICE OF DEAD TIME OF AUTO RECLOSURE.
CARRIER FAIL SIGNAL SHOULD NOT COME AT BOTH ENDS.
CARRIER SWITCH SHOULD BE IN SERVICE CONDITION.
SINGLE PHASE & ZONE-1 FAULT ONLY.
AUTO RECLOSURE OPERATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
TRIP MAIN CB SINGLE POLE.

TRIP TIE CB SINGLE POLE.
CLOSE MAIN CB AFTER DEAD TIME.
IF A/R SUCCESS FOR MAIN CB THEN AFTER SUPPLEMENTARY TIME
DELAY CLOSE TIE CB.(NORMALLY SUPPLEMENTARY TIME DELAY IS
DEAD TIME)
IF A/R UNSUCCESS THEN TRIP MAIN & TIE CBs.
IF MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION, THEN NO SUPPLEMENTARY DELAY TIME
FOR TIE A/R. IT WILL OPERATE ITs OWN DEAD TIME.
4.
5.
6.
7.
5.
6.
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
ZONE-1 & TWO / THREE PHASE FAULT
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE TIE CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE
BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
CARRIER SEND
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE TIE CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
ZONE-2 & 1 / 2 / 3 PHASE FAULT
REL 521
CARRIER SIGNAL
ACTIVE START
RECEIVED
& ZONE-2 STARTER
IS PICKUP CONDITION
TRIP
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
DISPLAY
CARRIER SIGNAL
RECEIVED
& ZONE-2 STARTER
IS PICKUP CONDITION
TRIP
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME)
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND ( IF PUTT OR2 SCHEME SELECTED )

MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
ZONE- 3/4/5 & 1 / 2 / 3 PHASE FAULT
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME)
DISPLAY
DISTANCE SCHEME TRIPPING OUTPUTS

TIE CB
MAIN CB
186 R
CO
CO
REL 521
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
ACTIVE
START
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TRIP
186 Y
186 Y
DISPLAY
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
186 B
186 B
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
286 R
CO
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
CO
286 R
REL 316
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
ACTIVE
START
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TRIP
286 Y
286 Y
DISPLAY
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
286 B
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
186 R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
286 B
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
MAIN LBB
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
INITIATE BUSBAR PROTECTION ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP CONNECTED BUS CBs)
RAICA
ACTIVE
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF

MAIN-2 PROTECTION
START
TRIP
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
96 BB
BUSBAR RELAY
86-GR-B
MASTER TRIP RELAY

TIE LBB
INITIATION
86-GR-A
MASTER TRIP RELAY
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB

86-GR-B
MASTER TRIP RELAY
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF

MAIN-2 PROTECTION
OF LINE-1 (BAY1) &
LINE-2 (BAY 3)
BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE

86-GR-A
MASTER TRIP RELAY
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF

MAIN-1 PROTECTION
OF LINE-1(BAY1) &
LINE-2 (BAY3)
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT (TRIP BAY1 CB 3-POLES )
RAICA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( TRIP BAY3 CB 3-POLES )

BLOCK MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY3 AUTO RECLOSURE
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY 3
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES


TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (BAY1 & BAY3)
BUS BAR PROTECTION

INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE.
REB 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB

TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB
DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING
TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-1


INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE.
RED 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP

TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB
DISPLAY
FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING


STUB PROTECTION
REL 521
ACTIVE
LINE /AT/F
ISOLATOR
OPENS
START
TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY
REL 316
ACTIVE
LINE /AT/F
ISOLATOR
OPENS
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
START
TRIP
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB

INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY


TEED PROTECTION
RADHA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
RADSB
ACTIVE
START
TRIP

DISPLAY


MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1
110% OF V
4 SECS FOR
FEEDER-1
5 SECS FOR
FEEDER-2
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
REL 316
110% OF V
ACTIVE START
4 SECS FOR
FEEDER-1
5 SECS FOR
FEEDER-2
TRIP

INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-a 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY



RXEG 21
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
120% OF V
20m SECS
DISPLAY

TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2)
UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY

RXEG 21
ACTIVE
1O% OF V
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
LINE EARTH SWITCH CLOSE PERMISSION ONLY.
CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES(TELEPROTECTION)

DETAILS
PERMISSIVE TRIPPING
CHANNEL-1
SEND
MAIN-1 PROTECTION :
IT SENDS SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA
PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 AS A MAIN CHANNEL &
PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2 AS A ALTERNATE
CHANNEL..
CHANNEL-2
SEND
DIRECT TRIPPING
HERE CHANNEL-1 & CHANNEL-2 SIGNALS ARE MAIN & ALTERNATE CHANNEL
1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 87 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED.
4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 87 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED
(FOR HALF DIA ONLY).
MAIN-2 PROTECTION :
5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
IT SENDS SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA
7. 59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 OPERATED.
PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 AS A ALTERNATE 8. 59L2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 OPERATED.
9. 87 TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED
CHANNEL.
CHANNEL-1
RECEIVE
MAIN-1 PROTECTION :
1. TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB.
IT RECEIVES SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA
2. TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB.
CHANNEL.
CHANNEL-2
RECEIVE
MAIN-2 PROTECTION :
1. TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB.
IT RECEIVES SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA
2. TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB.
CHANNEL.
CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES(TELEPROTECTION)
21 M1 REL 521
REL531
DIRECT TRIP
SEND CH-1
MAIN CB 86-A
TIE CB 86-A
21 M2
REL 316
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
CARRIER
PROTECTION
PANEL-1
CARRIER
PROTECTION
PANEL-1
PT SEND
PT SEND
PT RECEIVE
PT RECEIVE
PT SEND
PT SEND
PT RECEIVE
PT RECEIVE
DT SEND
DT SEND
DT RECEIVE
DT RECEIVE
ONE END
CARRIER
PROTECTION
PANEL-2
REC 316*4
OTHER END
CARRIER
PROTECTION
PANEL-2
PT SEND
PT SEND
PT RECEIVE
PT RECEIVE
REL531
DIRECT TRIP
SEND CH-1
MAIN CB 86-A
TIE CB 86-A
21 M2
REL 316
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
PT SEND
PT SEND
DIRECT TRIP
SEND CH-2
PT RECEIVE
PT RECEIVE
DT SEND
DT SEND
MAIN CB 86-B
DT RECEIVE
DT RECEIVE
TIE CB 86-B
21 M1 REL 521
PT : PERMISSIVE PROTECTION TRANSFER TRIP

DT : DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP
DIRECT TRIP
SEND CH-2
MAIN CB 86-B
TIE CB 86-B
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP

CHANNEL 1 / 2 RECEIVED
85 LO X1
ACTIVE
DIRECT TRIP
CHANNEL-1
RECEIVED
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
85 LO X2
ACTIVE
DIRECT TRIP
CHANNEL-2
RECEIVED.
START
TRIP

DISPLAY


DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1

RECEIVED
SOTF PROTECTION
(INBUILT MAIN-1)
DEF,TOC, BOC, STUB
(INBUILT MAIN-1)
TEED-1 PROTECTION
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY

( IN BUILT MAIN-2 )
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2

RECEIVED
SOTF PROTECTION
( IN BUILT MAIN-2 )
DEF, TOC, BOC, STUB
( IN BUILT MAIN-2 )
MAIN LBB OPERATED
TIE LBB OPERATED
TEED-2 PROTECTION
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TRIP COIL -2
MAIN CB

(INBUILT MAIN-1)
TIE CB
TRIP COIL-2
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL -1
86-GA & 86 GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED

TRIP LOCKOUT RELAY OPERATION
MASTER TRIP RELAYS

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAYS
LOCKOUT RELAYS
PUSH BUTTON FOR RESETTING.
PUSH BUTTON FOR RESETTING.
TO CLOSING INTERLOCK OF CONCERNED BAY CB
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TO INITIATE LBB/BFR OF CONCERNED BAY

BLOCK AUTO RECLOSURE OF CONCERNED BAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
TO CLOSING INTERLOCK OF CONCERNED BAY CB

TO INITIATE LBB/BFR OF CONCERNED BAY
BLOCK AUTO RECLOSURE OF CONCERNED BAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
(DIFFERENCIAL & REF / 3-PH HZ DIFF PROTECTION)
RADSB
87 T
(LZ)
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY

64 REF
OR
87 T
(HZ)
RADHD
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY

( BACKUP DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F PROTECTION FOR HV & LV)
RAPDK
67 HV
ABCN
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

RAPDK
67 LV
ABCN
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

( OVER FLUX PROTECTION FOR HV & LV)
RALK
99T HV
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

RATUB
99T LV
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

OVER VOLTAGE (LINE) AND OVER FLUX(TRANSFORMER )

PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
O/V 1
O/V 2
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
RALK
O/F- HV
(BAY 2&3 / HV)
(BAY 1&2)
TRIP COIL-1
1-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-1
86-B
ABB
REL521
MTR/
MAIN-1
HSTR
TRIP COIL-1
2-52CB
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-2
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-2
3-52CB
(BAY 1&2)
ABB
O/V 1
O/V 2
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 & STAGE-2

ARE IN BUILT FUNCTIONS OF MAIN-1
& MAIN-2 NUMERICAL RELAYS. IF
EXTERNAL RELAYS ARE UTILISED
THEN STAGE-1 IS GR-A & STAGE-2 IS
GR-B TRIPPING IS TO UTILISED.
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
TRIP COIL-2
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
LV - CB
(BAY LV)
ABB
RATUB
O/F- LV
TRIP COIL-1
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
RXIG 21
51 O/L
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

RAEDK1
NDR
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

MAIN LBB
INITIATION
INITIATE BUSBAR PROTECTION ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP CONNECTED BUS CBs)
86-GR-A
MASTER TRIP RELAY
86-GR-B
MASTER TRIP RELAY
96 BB
BUSBAR RELAY
RAICA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INTER TRIP TO 220KV LV MAIN CB
INTER TRIP TO 220KV LV TBC CB
DISPLAY

TIE LBB
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
OF LINE-1(BAY1)
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF

MAIN-2 PROTECTION
OF LINE-1 (BAY1)
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT (TRIP BAY1 CB 3-POLES )
RAICA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
86-GR-B
MASTER TRIP RELAY
BLOCK MAIN CB OF BAY1 AUTO RECLOSURE

CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY 3
DISPLAY
86-GR-A
MASTER TRIP RELAY
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( TRIP BAY3 CB 3-POLES )


TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (BAY1)
B/U O/C & E/F PROTN RLY

67 ABCN
INTER TRIP FROM LV SIDE
ICT TROUBLES GR-A
PROTECTION TRIP
ICT HV OVER FLUX RELAY
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY

RELAY 64 REF/T
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
INTER TRIP FROM LV SIDE

ICT TROUBLES GR-B
PROTECTION TRIP
STUB RELAY 50ST
MAIN LBB OPERATED
TIE LBB OPERATED
ICT LV OVER FLUX RELAY
INTER TRIP FROM TBC LBB
& MANUAL TRIP OF 220KV
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TRIP COIL -2
MAIN CB
T/F DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

87 T
TIE CB
TRIP COIL-2
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL -1
86-GA & 86 GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED

TRIP LOCKOUT RELAY OPERATION
AUTO TRANSFORMER INTER TRIP CIRCUITS

HV INTER TRIP CIRCUITS(TO LV)
FOR LV MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-A
1.
TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP
GIVEN.
2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP
GIVEN.
8. 87 TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
FOR LV MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-B
1.
TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP
GIVEN.
2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP
GIVEN.
8. 87 TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
LV INTER TRIP CIRCUIT(TO HV)
FOR HV M-CB MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-A

1. LV CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2 (ISO SELECTION)
OPERATED.
3. LV CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
FOR HV M-CB MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-B
OPERATED.
FOR HV T-CB MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-A
OPERATED.
FOR HV T-CB MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-B
OPERATED.
TRANSFORMER TROUBLES TRIPPING

GR-A
86 AX
OIL TEMP TRIP
TO 3PH GR-A 400KV MAIN CB

TO 3PH GR-A 400KV TIE CB
DIFF RELAY 87T
TO 3PH GR-A 220KV MAIN CB
BUCHHOLZ TRIP
TO 3PH GR-A 220KV TBC CB
OL RELAY 51OL
PRD-1 TRIP
HV O/L+E/F PROT 67
PRD-2 TRIP
NDR RELAY 151N
HV O/F RELAY 99T
86 AY
TRANSFORMER TROUBLES TRIPPING

GR-B
86 BX
OLTC BUCHHOLZ-R TRIP
TO 3PH GR-B 400KV MAIN CB

TO 3PH GR-B 400KV TIE CB
OLTC BUCHHOLZ-Y TRIP
REF RELAY 64REF
TO 3PH GR-B 220KV MAIN CB

TO 3PH GR-B 220KV TBC CB
OLTC BUCHHOLZ B TRIP
WNDG TEMP-HV TRIP
WNDG TEMP-LV TRIP
WNDG TEMP-IV TRIP
STUB RELAY 50ST
LV O/L+E/F PROT 67
LV O/F RELAY 99T
86 BY
TRIP COIL-1 CIRCUITS

TRIP COIL-1
186R1
186Y1
186B1
186R2
186Y2
186B2
286R1
286Y1
286B1
286R2
286Y2
286B2
186R1, 186R2, 186Y1, 186Y2, 186B1, 186B2

ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-A. THESE
ARE SELF RESETING.
286R1, 286R2, 286Y1, 286Y2, 286B1, 286B2
ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-B. THESE
ARE SELF RESETING.
THE BELOW ARE HAND RESETING.
86GR-A, 86GR-B ARE 3-PH TRIP UNITS.
96 BB IS BUSBAR TRIPPING RELAY
86GR-A
86GR-B
96BB
TRIP COIL 2 CIRCUITS

TRIP COIL-2
186R1
186Y1
186B1
186R2
186Y2
186B2
286R1
286Y1
286B1
286R2
286Y2
286B2
186R1, 186R2, 186Y1, 186Y2, 186B1, 186B2

ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-A. THESE
ARE SELF RESETING.
286R1, 286R2, 286Y1, 286Y2, 286B1, 286B2
ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-B. THESE
ARE SELF RESETING.
THE BELOW ARE HAND RESETING.
86GR-A, 86GR-B ARE 3-PH TRIP UNITS.
96 BB IS BUSBAR TRIPPING RELAY
86GR-A
86GR-B
96BB
ISOLATOR
INTERLOCKS
NOTE: All Earth Switches

in the Bay are towards
Circuit Breaker side only.
The Line and Transformer
Earth Switches are towards
Line & Transformer.
O: OPEN
C: CLOSE
A: ACTED
BB189E : BUSBAR-1 EARTH SWITCH .

BB289E : BUSBAR-2EARTH SWITCH .
UV RELAY: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY.
S.NO
ISOLATOR
OPEN/CLOSE
EQUIPMENT-1
EQUIPMENT-2
EQUIPMENT-3
EQUIPMENT-4
INTERLOCKS REQUIRED FOR CONCERNED ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH OPEN OR CLOSE
BAY - 1
1
1 - 89
ISO
BB189 E
189 AE
189 E
152 CB
1 89 E
ES
189 A
189
--
--
1 89 A
ISO
189 AE
189 E
152 CB
--
1 89 AE
ES
189 A
189
--
--
1 89 L
ISO
189 LE
152 CB
252 CB
--
1 89 LE
ES
189 L
UV RELAY
--
--
2 89 A
ISO
289 BE
289 AE
252 CB
--
2 89 AE
ES
289 B
289 A
--
--
2 89 B
ISO
289 BE
289 AE
252 CB
--
10
2 89 BE
ES
289 B
289 A
--
--
11
3 89
ISO
BB289 E
389 AE
389 E
352 CB
12
3 89 E
ES
389 A
389
--
--
13
3 89 A
ISO
389 AE
389 E
352 CB
--
14
3 89 AE
ES
389 A
389
--
--
15
3 89 T
ISO
LV89 E2
389 TE
252 CB
352 CB
16
3 89 TE
ES
389 T
LV89 T
--
--
BAY - 2
BAY - 3
BB189E
1-89AE
1-89E
1-52CB
1-52CB
1-89AE
1-89E
1-52CB
1-89LE
2-52CB
1-89
1-89A
1-89
1-89A
1-89L
U/V RLY
ISOLATOR & CB INTERLOCKS
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
& OPERATION
1-89
1-89E
OPEN
1-89AE
OPEN
2-89AE
OPEN
OPEN
& OPERATION
1-89A
3-89E
3-89AE
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
2-89BE
& OPERATION
86GR-A
1-89L
86GR-B
96BB
OPEN
OPEN
&
&
86GR-A
OPERATION
1-89AE
86GR-A
86GR-B
OPEN
ACTED
1-89E
86GR-B
OPEN
OPEN
OPERATION
&
OPERATION
1-89LE
96BB
2-89A
2-52CB
2-89AE
2-89BE
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
2-89B
& OPERATION
2-89A
2-89A
2-89B
CLOSE
CLOSE
CLOSE
CLOSE
CLOSE
CLOSE
OPEN
LOCAL
CLOSE
& 1-52CB
RESET
& 2-52CB
REMOTE
CLOSE
& 1-52CB
REMOTE
CLOSE
& 2-52CB
RESET
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
&
REMOTE
CLOSE
OPEN
3-89A
OPERATION
&
& OPERATION
2-89BE
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
3-89T
OPERATION
OPEN
&
OPEN
OPEN
3-89E
3-89AE
3-52CB
& OPERATION
2-89AE
OPEN
OPEN
& 3-52CB
RESET
RESET
&
LOCAL
CLOSE
RESET
RESET
3-89
OPERATION
LOCAL
CLOSE
RESET
RESET
OPEN
3-89TE
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
2-52CB
2-89AE
2-89BE
&
&
&
BB289E
3-89AE
3-89E
3-52CB
3-52CB
3-89AE
3-89E
3-52CB
3-89TE
2-52CB
LV89E2
OPEN
OPEN
3-89
3-89A
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
3-89
3-89A
3-89T
LV89T
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
& OPERATION
2-89B
CLOSING INTERLOCK OF MAIN & TIE CB

96 BB
86 GR-A
86 GR-B
+ VE
T N C
CB REMOTE CLOSE
MAIN CB
21M1 AR
21M2 AR
86 GR-A
86 GR-B
+ VE
T N C
TIE
AR
TIE CB
CB REMOTE CLOSE
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
ADVANTAGES:
THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A FULL DIA ARE ALWAYS IN CLOSED POSITION.

IF MAIN CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD
THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM TIE CB & OTHER BUS . NEED NOT REQUIRE
TRANSFER THE FEEDER.
IF TIE CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD
THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM MAIN CB & CONNECTED BUS.
EVEN IF BOTH MAIN BREAKERS UNDER TROUBLE, DURING THAT PERIOD ONE
FEEDER WORKS AS INCOMING AND OTHER FEEDER WORKS AS OUTGOING VIA
TIE CB. (WITHOUT INTERUPTION TO FEEDERS)
IF BUSBAR-1 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN
BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-1 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE
FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-1 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-2.
IF BUSBAR-2 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN
BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-2 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE
FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-2 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-1.
IN THIS BUSBAR PROTECTION IS SIMPLE AND NEED NOT REQUIRE SELECTION
OF ISOLATOR.
IT IS MORE RELIABLE SYSTEM FOR OPERATION & MAINTANENCE POINT OF
VIEW.
DISADVANTAGES
CT CONNECTIONS & PROTECTION

TRIP LOGICS ARE SOME WHAT
COMPLICATED. COMPLEX CONTROL & PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY
COST TOWARDS CTs, CIRCUIT BREAKERS & PANELS ARE TO BE INCREASED DUE
TO EXTRA BAY. THE COST COMPARISION TABLE SHOWN IN NEXT
PRESENTATION.
THE OPERATIONS FOR OPERATOR POINT OF VIEW IS LITTLE BIT COMPLICATED
WHEN COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM.
SPACE OCUPATION FOR BAY IS MORE i.e COST OF LAND IS INCREASE.
COST COMPARISION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM

& ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM FOR FEEDER
S.No
EQUIPMENT
CONVENTIONAL
SYSTEM
1.
CIRCUIT
BREAKERS
1 No
CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS
2.
3 CT METHOD

FULL DIA
(FOR 2 FEEDERS)
% INCREASE
IN COST
3 Nos
50%
HALF DIA
% INCREASE
(FOR 1 FEEDER)
IN COST
2 Nos
100%
INCLUDES THE COST OF CT MARSHELLING BOXES.

3 Sets
50%
2 Sets
100%
4 Sets
100%
2 Sets
100%
5 CT METHOD
5 Sets
125%
3 Sets
200%
6 CT METHOD
6 Sets
200%
3 Sets
200%
3 SETS
30%
2 SETS
30%
4 CT METHOD
1 Set
I SET
3.
CONTROL &
RELAY PANELS
4.
BAY
MARSHALLING
BOXES
1 No
3 Nos
50%
2 Nos
30%
5.
CONTROL
CABLES
8 KM
30 KM
100%
20 KM
150%
NORMALLY EXTRA PANEL IS TIE BAY PANEL. IT IS ARROUND 30% COST OF MAIN
PANEL. BECAUSE IT IS NOT HAVING PROTECTION RELAYS( M-1 & M-2 AND OTHER
RELAYS) . ONLY TIE CB TRIPPING RELAYS & ASSOCIATED RELAYS(A/R +LBB).
OTHER
INFORMATION
REGARDING
RELAYS AND
TESTING
EQUIPMENT
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
ABB RELAYS
REL 521
REL 316*4
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
EE
ABB Relays
REL 512
c
E
ALSTOM RELAYS
P445
P443
P437
E-PAC
P442
GE MULTILIN
RELAYS
SIEMENS
RELAYS
SEL RELAYS
ENABLED
TARGET
RESET
TRIP
IA =250.10 A
IB =250.10 A
IC =250.10 A
VAB =400.0 KV
VBC =400.0 KV
VCA =400.0 KV
ESC
ENT
INST TIME COMM SOTF
INST
TIME
COMM
SOTF
ZONE 1
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
PH - A
PH - B
PH - C
GND
50
51
79 RESET
79 LOCKOUT
2ENABLED
3
ZONE
TRIP
EN
FAULT TYPE
TARGET TARGET FAULT SET

RESET NO /
YES /
CANCEL SELECT
51
MC
ENABLED
COMM
ENABLED
RECLOSE
ENABLED
ALT
SETTINGS
CB
CLOSED
RELAY
TEST
CB
OPEN
SEL- 321- 5 - 2
TARGET
RESET
TRIP
SPT
ENABLED
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
50
O/C
METER STATUS OTHER GROUP

EXIT
SEL
SEL- 421
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
SEL
VA TECH REYROLLE RELAYS
NXT PHASE RELAYS
RELAY HARDWARE
16 / 32 BIT
PC
MODEM
IRIG-B
RE/CC
NORMALLY
400KV
RELAYS
SUPPLIED
WITH
CONFIGUARATION/HARDWARE
1. MIN 4Nos MAX 8Nos COMMAND/TRIP OUTPUTS
2. MIN 24Nos SIGNAL OUTPUTS
3. MIN 14 LED INDICATIONS
4. MIN 24 BINARY INPUTS
FOLLOWING
RELAY SIGNAL DATA FLOW
FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE NUMERICAL DISTANCE RELAYS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
4 TO 6 SETTING IMPEDENCE ZONES WITH 4 TO 6 SETTING GROUPS (21 + 21N).

DIR / INST / TIME OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT FUNCTION( 50 / 51 / 67 P+G).
EIGHT COMMUNICATION SCHEMES.
SWITCH ON TO FAULT PROTECTION(21 SOTF).
PHASE SELECTION(R,Y,B).
POWER SWING BLOCKING(PSB)(68 + 68T).
FUSE FAILURE SUPERVISION(PT FFR).
AUTO RECLOSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRNISATION & VOLTAGE CHECK(79 + 25 +86).
WEEK END INFEED LOGIC(27 WI).
SYSTEM SUPERVISION.
STUB PROTECTION(STUB).
OVER VOLTAGE/ UNDER VOLTAGE FUNCTION(27+ 59).
LBB/BFR FUNCTION(50 BF).
DISTANCE TO FAULT LOCATOR(21 FL).(SHOWS IN 1. %, 2. KM 3. MILES & 4. R+JX )
16 PROGRAMABLE SIGNALLING RELAYS WITH LEDs.
RECORDABLE 10Nos LATEST DISTRUBANCES WITH BASIC EVALUATION
DISTURBANCE RECORDER.
EVENT RECORDER RELATED TO RELAY EVENTS.
PRE-FAULT, FAULT & POST-FAULT VALUES OF ANALOG POINTS WITH IMPEDENCE
DETAILS.
USER CAN BE CONFIGUARED PROGRAMABLE LOGIC FUNCTIONS.
TELE / CARRIER INTER TRIPPING SCHEMES(85 +21)(PUTT, POTT).
TRIP CIRCUIT MONITORING(74 TC).
METERING FUNCTION (INSTANTANEOUS VALUES DISPLAY FUNCTION).
4 QUADRANT ENERGY METER FUNCTION (KWH,KVAH,KVARH)(KYZ PULSE OUTPUT).
MINIMUM 8 COMMOND/ TRIP RELAYS, 24 SIGNAL RELAYS
MINIMUM 20 BINARY INPUTS, 14 LEDs
DISTANCE RELAYS CHARACTERESTICS

( MHO CIRCULAR )

( QUADRILATERAL-1 )

( QUADRILATERAL-2 )

( BULLET )

( TRIANGLER )

( LENS / OPTICAL )

( TOMATO )
RELAY MODELS OF LINE (DISTANCE) & TRANSFORMER( M & B ) OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS

MANUFACTURERS
TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION

CURVES
MAIN-2
REL 316
REL 512
MICOM P437
E-PAC 3000,
OPTIMHO
CURVES
T/F PROTECTION
ET
DIFFERENTIAL
RET 521 / 670
RET 316
DIR O/L,E/F
REL 505
REX 521
QUAD
/
MHO
MICOM P633
KBCH/ MBCH
MICOM P141
MICOM P127
AREVA
(ALSTOM)
MAIN-1
REL 521
REL 670
MICOM
P443/P444/
P442/P445
SIEMENS
( SIPROTEC )
SIPROTEC
7SA62/3
QUAD/
MHO
SIPROTEC
7SA522
QUAD
/
MHO
7UT 613/ 2
7UT 513/ 2
7SJ 62/3/4/5
7SJ 52/3/4/5
SEL
SEL 421
QUAD/
MHO
SEL 321
SEL 311C
QUAD
/
MHO
SEL 387
SEL 351
GE
MULTILIN
D-60,
ALPS
QUAD/
MHO
L-60/L-90
D-30
QUAD
/
MHO
T-35 / T-60
SR 7465
F-60
SR 750/60
EASUN
REYROLL
THR 4 PE 24
MHO
THR 4 PE 16
THR 3 PE 18
MHO
---
MIT
NXT
PHASE
L-PRO
QUAD/
MHO
L-PRO
LENS/
TOMAT0
T-PRO
F-PRO
VA TECH
REYROLL
OHMEGA 402
QUAD/
MHO
OHMEGA 311/308
QUAD/
MHO
DUOBIAS M
ARGUS
ABB
QUAD
QUAD/
MHO
QUAD
/BULL
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

1. PROGRAMA_GE (MODEL: FREEJA-300)
3. OMICRON (MODEL: CMC 256-6)
2. MANTA TEST SYSTEMS (MODEL: MTS 4000)

4. DOBLE ( MODEL: F 6150)
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

1. MEEGER_AVO (MODEL: MPRT 8430)
3. KOCOS (MODEL: ARTES 440 II)
2. RES (MODEL: APTS 3)

4. EURO SMC ( MODEL: TRES)
400KV SUBSTATIONS IN APTRANSCO

S.No
1.
400KV SUBSTATION
MAMIDIPALLY (HYDERABAD)
2.
NURNOOR (KURNOOL)
3.
KALAPAKA (VISHAKHAPATNAM)
4.
VEMAGIRI (RAJHAMUNDRY)
5.
VELTUR (MB NAGAR)
CAPACITY
FEEDERS
(2 + 1**) X
315 MVA
(2 + 1**) X
315 MVA
2 X 315 MVA
1. SRISAILAM 1&2
2. GHANAPUR (PGCIL)
3. KHAMMAM 1&2(PGCIL)
4. YEDDUMAILARAM 1&2**
1. SRISAILAM
2. GHANAPUR (PGCIL)
3. GOOTY (PGCIL)
4. NARASARAOPETA**
1. SIMHADRI 1,2,3&4 (NTPC)

2. GAJUWAKA 1&2 (PGCIL)
3. KHAMMAM 1&2 (PGCIL)

4. VEMAGIRI 1&2
2 X 315 MVA
1. KALAPAKA 1&2
2. GAJUWAKA 1&2 (PGCIL)*
3. NUNNA 1&2 (PGCIL)*
4. GUNTUR 1&2*
5. GVK EXTN 1&2 (IPP)

6. GOWTHAMI 1&2 (IPP)
7. KONASEEMA 1&2 (IPP)
8. GMR VASAVI 1&2 (IPP)
1. TALLAPALLY
2. RAICHUR
1. CHENNAI RED HILLS
2. KADAPA
6.
CHITTOR(VEPANJIR)
7.
NELLORE(MANUBOLU)
(1 + 2**) X
315 MVA
(1 + 1**) X
315 MVA
2 X 315 MVA
8.
DICHPALLY* (NIZAMABAD)
2 X 315 MVA
1. RAMAGUNDAM
9.
GAJWEL* (MEDAK)
2 X 315 MVA
1. RAMAGUNDAM
3. BTPS 1&2**
2. GHANAPUR
4. YEDDUMAILARAM 1&2**
10.
NARASARAOPETA* (GUNTUR)
2 X 315 MVA
1. SRISAILAM 1&2
2. NUNNA 1&2
3. VEMAGIRI 1&2
4. KURNOOL**
11.
MALKARAM** (SECUNDRABAD)
2 X 315 MVA
1. RAMAGUNDAM
2. NAKEREKALLU 1&2**
2. GHANAPUR
12.
YEDDUMAILARAM** (RR, SHANKARPALLY)
3 X 315 MVA
1. GAJWEL 1&2
2. MAMIDIPALLY 1&2
13.
NAKEREKALLU** (NALGONDA)
2 X 315 MVA
1. VTPS 1&2
2. MALKARAM 1&2
400KV SUBSTATIONS OF PGCIL IN AP

S.No
400KV SUBSTATION
1.
RAMAGUNDAM(NTPC)
2.
GHANAPUR (HYDERABAD)
3.
GAJUWAKA (VISHAKHAPATNAM)
4.
NUNNA (VIJAYAWADA)
5.
TALLAPALLY
(NAGARJUNA SAGAR)
6.
BUDIDAMPADU (KHAMMAM)
7.
GOOTY
8.
CHINAKAMPALLY
9.
NELLORE(MANUBOLU)
10.
MULUGU* (WARANGAL)
CAPACITY
2 X 200 MVA
2 X 250 MVA
1 X 315 MVA
3 X 315 MVA
(1 + 1*) X
315 MVA
(1 + 1*) X
315 MVA
3 X 315 MVA
(1 + 1*) X
315 MVA
(1 + 1**) X
315 MVA
(1 + 1**) X
315 MVA
2 X 315 MVA
FEEDERS
1. GHANAPUR 1&2
2. GAJWEL(GHNP3)
3. MALKARAM(GHNP4)
4. TALLAPALLY 1&2
5. DICHPALLY*
6. KHAMMAM (WRNGL)
7. CHANDRAPUR 1&2
1. RAMAGUNDAM 1&2
2. MAMIDIPALLY
3. GAJWEL(RMGNDM3)
4. NAGARJUNA SAGAR
5. KURNOOL
6. MALKARAM(RMGNDM4)
1. NUNNA
2. KALAPAKA1&2
3. VEMAGIRI 1&2
4. JAIPUR(HVDC)
1. GAJUWAKA
2. SRISAILAM 1&2(NRSPT)
3. VEMAGIRI 1&2
4. VEMAGIRI 3&4(VTPS)
5. KHAMMAM
6. NELLORE 1&2
1. RAMAGUNDAM 1&2
2. GHANAPUR
3. MAHABOOBNAGAR
4. GOOTY
5. CHINAKAMPALLY 1&2
1. RAMAGUNDAM (WRGL)
2. NUNNA
4. MAMIDIPALLY 1&2
5. KALAPAKA 1&2
1. TALLAPALLY
2. SOMANAHALLY
3. KURNOOL
4. NEELAMANGALA
5. RAICHUR 1&2*
1. TALLAPALLY 1&2
2. SOMANAHALLY
3. KOLAR
4. CHITTOR
1. NUNNA 1&2
2. CHENNAI(ALAMATHI)
1&2
1. RAMAGUNDAM
2. KHAMMAM
3. BTPS(KTPS) 1&2
1. AT RAMAGUNDAM 1NO 315 MVA TRANSFORMER IS TO BE REMOVED AND DICHPALLY FEEDER IS PLANNED TO CONNECT.
2. RAMAGUNDAM TO GHANAPUR CKT-1 IS PROPOSED TO TAKE LILO AT GAJWEL (APTRANSCO) SS.
3. RAMAGUNDAM TO GHANAPUR CKT-2 IS PROPOSED TO TAKE LILO AT MALKARAM (APTRANSCO) SS.
4. GAJUWAKA TO NUNNA CKT-2&3 IS PROPOSED TO TAKE LILO AT VEMAGIRI (APTRANSCO) SS.
5. RAMAGUNDAM TO KHAMMAM CKT IS PROPOSED TO TAKE LILO AT WARANGAL SS.
400KV NETWORK IN AP
GUNTUR
NELLORE
ALAMETHI
/ CHENNAI
NKRKL
SRISAILAM
KURNOOL
CHITTOR
GOOTY
RAICHUR
MAMIDIPALLY
CHINAKAMPALLY
CHENNAI
KHAMMAM
CHANDRAPUR
(MAHARASTRA)
KOLAR
VTPS
YEDDUMAILARAM
NUNNA
GHANAPUR
BANGALORE
IPP2
VEMAGIRI
MBNGR
IPP1
TALLAPALLY
BANGALORE
IPP4
DICHPALLY
MALKARAM
IPP3
BTPS
GAJWEL
KALAPAKA
WARANGAL
HVDC
JAIPUR
RAMAGUNDAM
SIMHADRI
GAJUWAKA
VEMAGIRI SUBSTATION DISPLAY

NUNNA I
(PGCIL)
315MVA,
400/220KV
AUTO
TRANSFORMER-I
NUNNA II GAJUWAKA I GAJUWAKA II

(PGCIL)
(PGCIL)
(PGCIL)
315MVA,
400/220KV
AUTO
TRANSFORMER-II
GUNTUR I
GUNTUR II
KALAPAKA I KALAPAKA II GOWTHAMI I GOWTHAMI II FUTURE I

PHES
KOPCL II
VPGCL I
VPGCL II KOPCL I
GMR VASAVI GMR VASAVI KONASEEMA KONASEEMA
GVK EXT I
FUTURE II
PHES
GVK EXT II
DISPLAY

Breaker Scheme

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Breaker Scheme

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400KV PROTECTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

1. IN THIS TWO BUSES ARE PRIOVIDED.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

2. THESE TWO BUSES ARE INTER-CONNECTED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

3. THEY ARE DESIGNATED AS 1-52 CB, 2-52 CB, 3-52 CB.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

4. LINE - 1 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

6. LINE-1 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

8. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-1 THE 1-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

11. NORMALLY IN ALL TYPES OF BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS ONE BREAKER

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

17. IN THIS SYSTEM FULL DIA MEANS 2 FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY 3 CBs.

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM

WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220KV SYSTEM

TRANSFER BUS COUPLER

DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER

TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER

CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER

2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND

METERING & ENERGY METER FOR AT/F

METERING & ENERGY METER FOR FEEDER