MTH-851 Numerical Analysis

Sources of Errors, Root Finding, Interpolation,

Assignment No. 1 & 2

Due Date:

20 April 2015

Before 1400hrs

Assignment-1
1. Explain how many significant digits are there in 0.0002025, 0.00202570, 0.2025000.
2. Let f (x) =

ex ex
.
x

(a) Find limx0 f (x).

(b) Use four-digit rounding arithmetic to evaluate f (0.1).
(c) Replace each trigonometric function with its third Maclaurin polynomial, and repeat
part (b).
(d) The actual value is f (0.1) = 2.003335000. Find the relative error for the values obtained
in parts (b) and (c).
item Show that for any positive integer k, the sequence defined by pn = 1/nk converges
linearly to p = 0.
k

3. Show that the sequence pn = 10n does not converge to 0 quadratically, regardless of the
size of the exponent k > 1.
4. Construct a sequence that converges to 0 of order 3.
5. Determine expression for cubic root of a, where a R+ , using Newton-Raphsons Formula.
Compute cubic root of 9. Also find percentage relative and percentage approximated errors.
6. Use suitable guesses to find the root of the the following
(i) f1 (x) = sin x + cos(1 + x2 ) 1
(ii) f2 (x) = x2 ex
(iii) f3 = tan x 0.5x
Using Newton-Raphsons method.
7. Repeat above question for f1 using Secant Method.
8. Repeat above question for f2 using Method of False Position.
9. Repeat above question for f1 , f3 using Bisection Method with 102 accuracy (take suitable
interval).
E-mail address: yali@ceme.nust.edu.pk (Dr. Yasir Ali),
NUST-College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering.

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10. Find root for the function f (x) = x4 6x3 + 12x2 10x + 3 with x0 = 0, using:
(a) Newton-Raphsons Method
(b) Fixed-point Iteration Method.
Find the intersection of
(a) y = x2 and y = sin2x + 5 in between 0 to .
(b) y = x3 and y = ln x in suitable region.

11. Use a fixed-point iteration method to find an approximation to 3 25 that is accurate to

within 104 . Compare your result and the number of iterations required with the answer
obtained in Bisection Method.

Assignment-2
1. Consider the following data:
x
f (x)

0.20
-1.60944

0.25
-1.38629

0.30
-1.20397

0.35
-1.04892

0.40
-0.91629

0.45
-0.79851

There is a misprint in f (x3 ) where x3 = 0.35. Determine the correct value of f (x3 ) if it is
known that the true value of 44 f1 = 0.00268. Construct a correct difference table and
calculate an estimate of f (0.27) by Newtons forward difference interpolation formula with
x0 = 0.25.

x)
2. Let f (x) = sin (0.5
. Take the values of f at the points 2, 2.6, 3, 3.4, 4, 4.5 and 5 to find
(1+x2 )
all the second degree Lagrange polynomials that interpolate f at the point 2.75. Also find
f (2.75).

3. For the given functions f (x), let x0 = 1, x1 = 1.25, and x2 = 1.6. Construct Lagrange
interpolation polynomials of degree at most one and at most two to approximate f (1.4), and
find the absolute error.
(a) sin x (b) log10 (3x 1)

(c)

x1

(d) e2x x

4. Construct the clamped cubic spline S(x) for the following data:
(1,0), (1.5, 0.4055), (2, 0.6931), (2.5, 0.9163)
with the clamped boundary conditions: S 0 (1) = 1, S 0 (2.5) = 0.4000.
5. clamped cubic spline S(x) for a function f is defined on [1, 3] by
(
S0 (x) = 3(x 1) + 2(x 1)2 (x 1)3 ,
if 1 x 2;
S(x) =
2
3
S1 (x) = a + b(x 2) + c(x 2) + d(x 2) , if 2 x 3.
Given f 0 (1) = f 0 (3), find a, b, c, and d.

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6. The upper portion of this beast is to be approximated using clamped cubic spline interpolates.
The curve is drawn on a grid from which the table is constructed. Construct the three clamped
cubic splines.

7. Use appropriate Lagrange interpolating polynomials of degrees one, two, and three to approximate each of the following:
(a): f (0.43) if f (0) = 1, f (0.25) = 1.64872, f (0.5) = 2.71828, f (0.75) = 4.48169
(b): f (0) if f (-0.5) = 1.93750, f (-0.25) = 1.33203, f (0.25) = 0.800781, f (0.5) = 0.687500
8. Use the error formula to find a bound for the error in (a), (b), and compare the bound to
the actual error for the cases n = 1 and n = 2.
(a): f (x) = e2x
(b): f (x) = x4 x3 + x2 x + 1

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Instructions
1. Solve each question on the sperate sheet.
2. Write formula used in each question.
3. Draw tables where they are necessary.
4. Submit one soft and one hard copy of the solution.
5. Assignment submitted late by one day and two days will result in reduction of marks by 20%
and 40%. After that no rewards will be given.

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