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HELPER
DESIGN OF THE
ALMONTE BRIDGE
THE DEFINITIVE PUBLICATION FOR BRIDGE PROFESSIONALS WORLDWIDE | ISSUE NO. 72 | THIRD QUARTER 2013 | WWW.BRIDGEWEB.COM
n SPECIALIST SOFTWARE
HIGH-SPEED
HELPER
Midas model for construction stage analysis of the Almonte River Bridge
Designing an arch bridge to carry high-speed trains is a complex and demanding process.
Guillermo Capelln and Juan Jos Arenas explain how software can help
onstruction is just beginning on the main structure of what will be the worlds
longest high-speed railway arch bridge when it opens in 2015. The 384m-long
main span structure, which is close to Cceres in the western side of Spain,
will carry high-speed trains travelling from the capital Madrid to Extremadura
on the Portuguese border.
The Almonte River Bridge designed by Arenas & Asociados is 996m long and will carry
trains across the Alcantara Reservoir on an arch structure. As well as being the longest
high speed railway arch it will be the third longest concrete arch bridge in the world. Its
design and construction incorporate many special features which required demanding
and complex analysis; this was carried out using bridge engineering software Midas Civil.
The high speed rail system has undergone rapid expansion in Spain in the last two
decades and last year became the second largest network in the world, with some
2,900km already in use and 1,500km under construction. The particular features of high
speed rail bridges that make them so demanding to design include heavier loads than
road bridges, dynamic effects, significant horizontal loads, fatigue considerations, and
functional considerations such as the smaller permissible deflections, accelerations and
limited length that relate to rail expansion joint capacity and track-structure interaction.
Given these peculiarities, spans longer than 100m are unusual for high speed rail, rendering this structure even more challenging.
The arch bridge deck has a typical span of 45m over the total deck length of 996m
and the 14m-wide deck, which consists of a 3.1m-deep box girder, will be constructed
using a movable scaffolding system. The arch will be built using a cantilever method with
form travellers and temporary stays tied back to two temporary steel towers. Over the
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n SPECIALIST SOFTWARE
the construction.
A total of 26 cables will be
used on each side with corresponding back stays; cables one to
eight will be anchored to piers six and
15, while the anchorages for the remaining
cables will be placed on temporary steel towers
that will be built on the piers. Cable forces will be
adjusted during the construction process, and some
cables will be released at intermediate construction
stages in order to avoid excessive stress. Once the arch
structure has been closed, the piers on top of the arch and
the deck structure will be erected.
For the concrete arch erection using temporary stays and steel towers,
a Midas model was used for stage analysis. The calculation process was divided
into a series of steps, the first one being to carry out non-linear analysis for every
construction stage right up to the permanent load situation. Geometrical imperfections
were considered for every stage.
Secondly, non-linear material and geometric long-term analysis was carried out for
creep and shrinkage due to member forces resulting from the first step of the process.
The third step was to carry out non-linear (material and geometric) analysis for
thermal actions, followed by incremental non-linear analysis to the ultimate limit state
starting with the geometry and member forces resulting from the third step.
Permanent loads are divided into five steps, from the characteristic to factored
values. Live loads are also stepped in five increments, so the ultimate limit state values
were reached at the same step for both type of loads. At every step, the section stiffness
was re-calculated to comply with the strain-stress EC-2 models, both for concrete and
steel. This way, concrete cracking was considered for every step.
Analysis took into account the effects of cracking on concrete, creep and shrinkage
of concrete, non-linear relationships - steel and concrete, and the construction stage
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