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Concept of Prestressing
Concept of Prestressing
Prestressing the concrete is to transfer precompression
Degree of Prestressing
This classification introduced depend on the level of prestress
Concept of Prestressing
Stress
concept
Concept of
Prestressing
Load
balancing
concept
Force
concept
Stress Concept
The concept that considering prestressing force transmitted to
Permissible stress
Stresses at transfer
NA
e
P
+
Axial stress
Stress due to
eccentricity of
prestressing force
=
Stress due to dead load
Stresses at transfer
Stress at top fibre :
(Allowable tensile stress
at transfer, Clause 4.3.5
BS8110)
Stresses at service
Axial stress
Stress due to
eccentricity of
prestressing force
Stress due to
dead load
Stress due to
external load
Stresses at service
Stress at top fibre :
(Allowable compressive
stress at service, Clause
4.3.4 BS8110)
Stress concept
In stress concept, we used theory of bending throughout the
analysis where:
- it is assumed that plane sections remain plane before or
after the moments are applied
- the top and the bottom fibre of the structural elements are
subjected to maximum stresses
The permissible/allowable streses under compression and
tension in the materials concrete and steel do have a major
role to play in analysis and design of prestressed concrete
structure based on stress concept
Example 1
A simply supported prestressed concrete beam of cross section
400mm x 600mm has a span of 10m. It is subjected to an
uniformly distributed load of 30kN/m in addition to its selfweight and is prestressed with a force of 1740kN with a
prestressing able of parabolic profile. The cable is anchored at
the center of gravity of the cross section at support and has an
eccentricity of 160mm below NA at the mid span cross section.
Analyze the beam for the effects of prestressing and the loads at
mid cross section using the philosophy of stress concept.
Solution
Span of the beam = 10 m
Cross section = 400mm x 600mm
External load = 30 kN/m
Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Prestressing force = 1740 kN
Cable profile = parabolic
Eccentricity of mid cross-section = 160mm (below NA)
Eccentricity at support section = 0 mm
Properties of section
Area of cross section, A = 0.4 x 0.6 = 0.24 m2
Moment of inertia, I =
Modulus of section, Zt = Zb =
Forces
Axial force, P = 1740 kN
Moment due to eccentricity of prestressing force = P x e
At transfer
Axial stress
Stress due to
eccentricity of
prestressing force
At service
+
Axial stress
Stress due to
eccentricity of
prestressing force
Stress due to
dead load
Stress due to
external load
Force Concept
In this approach the structural element is considered as if it is
Force Concept
If any additional load (say dead load) is considered, the tensile force in
Example
Analyze the beam in Example 1 using force concept.
Solution
In force concept all causes and effects are considered as forces
for evaluation.
Bending moment at mid span due to :
a) Selfweight = 72 kNm (top comp, bottom tension)
b) External load = 375 (top comp, bottom tension)
Total bending moment = 447 kNm
Prestressing force
= 1470 kN
NA
118.6mm
160mm
a = 41.38mm
T
15.85
Example 3
Analyze the prestressed concrete beam described in Example 1
using load balancing concept.
Solution
In this concept all the causes and the effects will be considered
as loads and the member will be analyzed
Total downward load = 30 + 5.76 = 35.76 kN/m
The equivalent upward uniformly distributed load provided by
prestress =
Net downward on the beam = 35.76 22.272 = 13.488 kN/m
At bottom fibre
The stresses are the same as obtained in stress concept and
force concept at service