PROJECT:

GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION FOR

PUBLIC MUTUAL HQ
- GBI & LEEDGold rated (Podium Block & Office Tower)

INTERIM REVIEW REPORT

BY
GBI COMMISSIONING SPECIALIST (CxS)
ON

UNDERFLOOR AIR PLENUM TESTING METHODS

JUNE 20, 2015

Prepared by:

Reviewed by:

Pureaire Sdn Bhd

No. 18 Jalan TIB 1/21 Taman Industri Bolton,
Batu Caves 68100, Selangor.
Doc#: PMB/RF/15001

Date : 20th June, 2015

Date :

Interim CxS Review Report

Subject:

Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) of Air Leakage Test for Underfloor Air Plenums

Prepared by: Pureaire Sdn Bhd

Date:

20th June 2015

EXEDUTIVE SUMMARY:
This project was designed based on the advance UFAD (Underfloor Air Distribution) concept with pressurized
plenum. The primary goal of acceptable airflow performance in underfloor plenums is to deliver the required
amount and temperature of air to every location on the floor plate served by the plenum. In pressurized
plenums, this translates to maintaining, as closely as possible, a uniform air pressure throughout the plenum
equal to the pressure set-point. When this type of uniform pressure control is maintained, every pressuredependent diffuser served by the plenum will deliver the same volume of air as other diffusers of the same type
and opening setting. Though, for perimeter zones and other remote areas where fan-driven diffusers are
employed, airflow delivery can be enhanced by the local fan and will be less significantly impacted by the
pressure maintained in the plenum, the loss in airflow prior to reaching these diffuser must be minimized.
Evidence from previous completed projects using pressurized plenums indicates that uncontrolled air leakage
from the plenum can impair system performance. There are two primary types of uncontrolled air leakages:
1.

Category 1 (Construction Quality Leakage):

Leakage to the outside, to unconditioned spaces, or to the return path due to poor sealing or construction
quality of the plenum. The greatest detriment to system performance is leakage to unconditioned spaces,
such as wall cavities (leading to increased risk of condensation); columns; and other short-circuiting
pathways to the return plenum, outside the building, or back to the return of the floor below via fire stops
or other unsealed floor slab penetrations. These leaks represent air loss that is detrimental to the
operation of the system, causing an increase in fan power and possible loss of ability to condition the
space properly causing occupant discomfort. Extent of such leakage will affects achievement of GBI NRNC
1.0 credits: EE5, EQ5, EQ6, EQ7 & LEED NC 2.2 credits: EAc1, EAc3, IEQc2, IEQc6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2

2.

Category 2 (Floor Leakage):

Leakage into the conditioned space between floor panels, through electrical boxes, or through closed
diffusers, and other floor openings, and joints at the edges of the floor and around columns. Leakage
from the plenum into the occupied space is a class of leakage that has varying consequences depending
on a number of factors. In general, this leakage is not necessarily detrimental to the operation of the
system. However, if the leakage rate is large, or if it occurs at the wrong place, it may cause comfort
problems. Extent of such leakage will affects achievement of GBI NRNC 1.0 credits: EQ6, EQ15 & LEED NC
2.2 credits: IEQc2, IEQc6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2

Leakage through pressurized plenum is a function of floor panel type and installation, carpet tile installation,
and pressure difference across the plenum. Despite relatively low pressures (0.05-0.1 in. wg [12.5-25 Pa]) used
in pressurized plenums, the large floor surface area can make this leakage an important consideration for design
and operation. It is important to specify maximum leakage rates allowed for properly installed UFAD system.
Submittal of published manufacturer data on UFAD leakage rates should be required for approval. The best
reference material for UFAD system design & testing is UFAD Guide (2013) published by ASHRAE.
A review on the SWMS submitted for plenum air leakage testing procedures arrived at the comments below:
1.

SWMS has not addressed designers specification and manufacturers allowances.

2.

Proposed testing instrument is not expected to be suitable for the test in accordance to guidelines.

3.

SWMS has not addressed the subsequent QA/QC philosophy after the mock-up test.

We require further information from the contractor as listed in subsequent paragraphs. Quick response to the
queries is anticipated as preparation of testing and procurement of the appropriate instruments can take up
considerable lead time and delayed decision can result in timely acknowledgement of mock-up construction.

DETAILED DISCUSSION OF POINTS RAISED ON SWMS SUBMITTED:

Discussion on SWMS shall be centralized around the suitability of the proposed test method and
instrumentation proposed.
Testing Reference:
It is mentioned that this SWMS is prepared in accordance with the recommendations in TATE Commissioning
Agents Guide for Inspection and Testing Access floor Air Plenums version 2.2. A copy of freely downloadable
document from TATE website is attached in this report as reference for subsequent discussion.
Reference to designers or manufacturers parameters:
It is not mentioned in SWMS the related key parameters of designed condition such as operational plenum
pressure, airflow of diffusers, allowable leakage; and panel manufacturers parameters such as allowable
leakage rate.
The contractor has to relate all the Designers parameters in SWMS to the objectives of testing procedures and
also stating the allowances & limitation of manufacturers products towards evaluation.
Testing & Verification Objectives and Quality Assurance philosophy:
It is not clear whether the test area stated in SWMS is to be an indicative exercise of construction method or is
part of a total quality control scheme. The philosophy is not stated clearly in SWMS. The stated area for initial
testing is as shown below at Level 7:

A few possible intepretation can be inferred from the proposed set-up:

1. This SWMS is only an indicative of construction method and quality. The test will be done only on a
small mock-up which is a representation of the entire UFAD system. Indicative result shall be followed
up with improvement and/or remediation action. A revised construction method shall be drafted from
the mock-up testing result as quality assurance script. The method shall be applied for the subsequent
construction of the entire floor. This stage is the so-called the mock-up commissioning stage
mentioned in Tates Guide or ASHRAE UFAD Guide. The SWMS apparently only covers this stage.
2. Upon completion of raised floor construction of the whole floor. A full test shall be carried out on a
whole constructed raised floor plenum of Level 7 and the result shall be verified against the quality
assurance script. This is the so-called the final commissioning as mentioned in Tates Guide or
ASHRAE UFAD Guide. The SWMS does not contain any details on this stage.
3. The quality assurance script shall address the quality control & assurance philosophy on the rest of
construction by either proposing the testing of all floors upon individual completion of respective floor;
sample testing of randomly or sequentially selected floors only; or other QA/QC scheme. The contractor
shall propose the scheme and to be approved by Architect & Engineers, with reference to their
contractual obligation. The testing time must be built-into the timeline of the entire construction
schedule to ensure tests to be conducted appropriately.

The contractors must state clearly in their revised SWMS on their commitment on some or all of the above
mentioned stages.
We further want to request construction details on the non-natural leakage path of the selected area as the
border marked by dotted red lines in the above figure. This border shall not be found in final constructed floor
and shall be sealed tightly during mock-up testing. The effect of this sealed border against the indication to
the interpretation of testing result must be deliberated. For example, as the expected air leakage is nominally
expressed in airflow per unit area of raised floor panel but the majority of leak could the from the construction
joints at perimeter. Hence, an isolated area, which is small with higher proportionate perimeter jointd may
arrive at a higher than expected air leakage rate (as the selected area).
Instrumentation:
The following instrument was mentioned:

We required elaboration how test result can have adequate resolution to determine pass/fail criteria as the
range of pressure measurement is up to 7,000 Pa whereas the designed plenum pressure is probably 12.5-25 Pa.
It can difficult to read reliably of such as small limits against such an inherent high range of instrument. Though
the SWMS acknowledges the low test pressure but it inconsistently proposed an unrealistically high pressure
testing fan & instrumentation. The contractor has to elaborate how to match the testing significance with
propose test equipment and instrumentation.

Furthermore, we did not see any of the calculation

in demonstration to relate the expected or
allowable leakage to capacity of testing fan.
The proposed testing fan maximum airflow
capacity is only 99.8 l/s (212 cfm). Whereas, an
estimation of airflow requirement using the Tate
Testing Guide has shown that even Category 1
leakage can be large than the capacity of fan, let
alone the extra capacity of fan required to
maintain pressure in plenum while testing.
Also, as the testing pressure range is only a
fraction of the maximum intended use of the
testing fan. A reduction of fan speed to match the
reduced testing pressure will drastically reduce
airflow delivery. The fan curve graph of even of a
fan with only a maximum 3.5 kpa & 99.9 l/s has
shown the deficiency, let alone a 7.0 kPa fan.
The figure beside was extracted from a similar
testing rig available in the market, in comparison
to that mentioned in SWMS.

The deficiency can be clearly visible if the all blank in Tates UFAD Air Leakage Test Report format is filled up
against the proposed test site area as above. The contractor shall prepare a test sheet similar to the format for
subsequent testing work. We did not find such format of test sheet in the submittal. Though the phrase test
sheets for witness and signature was mentioned several times in the SWMS.
We have prepared the proposed sample format accordance to Tates Guide for the future testing as in overleaf.
A soft copy in Microsoft Excel format is attached with this report. Contractor is to review and reply on the
suitability of such format.

Review Comment & Recommendation:

We are in the opinion that the proposed testing instruments is not suitable for the air leakage testing of air
plenums in this project. The instrument set up suitable for this project shall be of the high airflow rate against
low static pressure type. In technical jargon, it shall have a flat fan curve as compare to the steep fan curve
of the proposed set-up. There can be several options:
1.

Look into other compatible testing instrument:

There can be other suitable testing rig available in the market. Insight on such instrument may be deduced
from the attached slides describing the testing of a UFAD system by ASHRAE in year 2007.

2.

Explore possibility of using floor AHU as testing fan:

There are successful case whereby such application worked. However, this is normally done in final
commissioning as in ASHRAE UFAD Guide. A mock-up with separate testing fan is a faster way to assess
construction quality ahead but if the sectional mock-up timeline and full floor mock-up timeline are close,
such option can be considered as well.

3.

Review the representation of the mock-up testing with reference to quality whole floor:
The contractor shall assess and interpret the mock-up testing result to realistically draft the following-up
QA/QC scheme for their ease of passing the tests and yet ensure good end result to the Client. The
contractor is advised to prepare a quality checklist similarly to that as described in Tates Guide to
systematically assess the influence of various factors.

4.

Prepare other qualitative test method to expedite interpretation of mock-up test result:
Advanced trouble shooting method such as smoke test or infra-red scan can be useful in concluding the
mock-up test result and give good visualization of necessary construction quality improvement or
remediation than conventional testing method.

We are regretted to conclude that we are doubtful that the proposed SWMS can be suitable for the testing of
UFAD system raised floor construction of this project. However, we are nt surprised if contractor can justified
the proposal by satisfying all conditon in testing guidelines with innovative approached. We shall be looking
forward for the response to points raised on the SWMS from its orginator.
If the contracor is also in the opinion of existing proposed SWMS will not work, then immediate review and reformulation of other methods must be done as the floor mock-up is approaching completion and the
acceptance of the mock-up must not be delayed by the testing methodology.

------------------------------- End of Initial Review on UFAD System Air Leakage Test --------------------------------

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