CHAPTER 5 ANALYTIC

GEOMETRY

Focus on Exam 5
(1)(6) + 10x
x=
11
(1)(6) + 10y
2 =
y=
11
p = (0.6, 2.8)

1 x2 + y2 4x 6y + 4 = 0
Centre: C1 is (2, 3)
Radius: r1 = 22 + 32 4 = 3

0=

x2 + y2 10x 14y + 70 = 0
Centre: C1 is (5, 7)
Radius: r2 = 52 + 72 70 = 2
3 P

3 x2 + y2 2x 2y 14 = 0
Centre: C1 is (1, 1)
Radius: r1 = 12 + 12 + 14 = 4

C1

C2

x2 + y2 3x 24 = 0

1 2

Centre: C2 is 3 , 0
2

Distance C1C2 = 32 + 42 = 5
Since C1C2 = r1 + r2, the circles touch
externally. Coordinates of point of contact,

Radius: r2 =

(3)(5) + (2)(2) (3)(7) + (2)(3)

P=
,
3+2
3+2
27
= 19 ,
= (3.8, 5.4)
5 5

105
3 2 24
5.12
=
+
2
2

12

C1
C2

2 x2 + y2 + 4y + 3 = 0
Centre: C1 is (0, 2)
Radius: r1 = 4 3 = 1

5
1 2 12
1.11
=
+
2
2
Since C1C2 < r2 r1,
Distance C1C2 =

x2 + y2 12x 12y 49 = 0
Centre: C2 is (6, 6)
Radius: r2 = 62 + 62 + 49 = 11

P(x, y)

12

circles C1 lies entirely inside C2.

4

1
C1

6
= 0.6
10
28
= 2.8
10

C2
r

Distance C1C2 = 6 + 8 = 10
Since C1C2 = r2 r1, the circles touch
internally.
2

C (r, r)
r

(8, 4)

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Chap-5.indd 1

3/1/2012 11:01:20 AM

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

Equation of the circle is of the form

(x r)2 + (y r)2 = r 2
i.e. x 2 + y 2 2rx 2ry + r 2 = 0
Since the circle passes through (8, 4)
64 + 16 16r 8r + r 2 = 0
r 2 24r + 80 = 0
(r 4)(r 20) = 0
r = 4 or 20
Equation of the circles are
x2 + y 2 8x 8y + 16 = 0
and x2 + y 2 40x 40y + 400 = 0
5

Equation of circle is
x2 + y 2 5x 5y = 0
7

(0, 3)
O A

Let the equation of the circle be

x2 + y2 + 2gx + c = 0
( f = 0 since the centre lies on the x-axis)
Since (1, 1) lies on the circle,
1 + 1 + 2g + c = 0

(1)

Since (4, 2) lies on the circle,

16 + 4 + 8g + c = 0

(2)

(2) (1),
18 + 6g = 0 g = 3
From (1),
26+c=0c=4
Equation of the circle is
x2 + y 2 6x + 4 = 0
6

2r

Centre: (r, r)
Radius: 2r
C(r, r)
x

Equation of circle is of the form

(x r)2 + (y r)2 = 2r 2
i.e. x2 + y 2 2rx 2ry = 0
Since (3, 1) lies on the circle,
9 + 1 6r + 2r = 0
10 = 4r
r=5
2

C(r, 3)
B

Let the radius of the circle be r.

Coordinates of centre C is (r, 3)
Equation of circle is
(x r)2 + (y 3)2 = r 2
i.e. x2 + y 2 2rx 6y + 9 = 0
The point (8, 7) lies on the circle.
64 + 49 16r 42 + 9 = 0
16r = 80
r=5
Equation of the circle is
x2 + y 2 10x 6y + 9 = 0
At the x-axis, y = 0
x2 10x + 9 = 0
(x 1)(x 9) = 0 x = 1 or 9
Gradient of CA = 3 grad. of tangent = 4
4
3
Equation of tangent at A is
y = 4 (x 1)
(1)
3
Gradient of CB = 3 grad. of tangent = 4
4
3
Equation of tangent at B is
y = 4 (x 9)
(2)
3
Solving (1) and (2) for point of intersection,
4 (x 1) = 4 (x 9)
3
3
1x=x9
10 = 2x x = 5
From (1), y = 4 (5 1) = 16
3
3
16
Point of intersection is 5,
3

8 Let the equation of the circle be

x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Point (10, 6)
100 + 36 + 20g + 12f + c = 0 (1)

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Chap-5.indd 2

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Fully Worked Solution

Centre of circle C is (5, 7)

Gradient of PC = 7 3 = 4
52 3
Gradient of tangent at P = 3
4
Equation of tangent at P is
y 3 = 3 (x 2)
4
4y 12 = 3x + 6
3x + 4y = 18

15

3x + 2y = 3

3y

10

2x

Point (4, 4)
16 + 16 8g + 8f + c = 0 (2)
Point (4, 8)
16 + 64 + 8g + 16f + c = 0 (3)
(1) (2),
104 + 28g + 4f = 0
(4)
(3) (2),
48 + 16g + 8f = 0
(5)
(5) + 2 (4),
160 + 40g = 0 g = 4
From (5), 48 64 + 8f = 0 f = 2
From (2),
32 + 32 + 16 + c = 0 c = 80
Equation of circle is
x2 + y 2 8x + 4y 80 = 0
Substitute x = 10, y = 10,
100 + 100 80 40 80 = 0
[ P(10, 10) lies on the circle.

B(1, 0)

A(6, 1)

Let the centre of the circle be C.

P

C(x, y)

Gradient of line 2x 3y = 15 is 2 .
3
2
[ gradient of BC =
3

Q(4 , 2)

Centre of given circle is Q(4, 2)

Radius of given circle is 42 + 22 + 80 = 10
Let the centre of the circle be C(x, y)
1
P

3
C

By the ratio theorem,

(1)(4) + 3(10) 34 17
x=
=
=
4
2
4
(1)(2) + 3(10)
y=
= 8
4
[ equation of circle is
2

(x 5)2 + (y 7)2 = 25

(2)

Solving (1) and (2),

25
4
289
25
x2 17x +
+ y 2 + 16y + 64 =
4
4
x2 + y 2 17x + 16y + 130 = 0

(1)

Gradient of line 3x + 2y = 3 is 3 .
2
3
[ gradient of AC =
2
Equation of AC is
y + 1 = 3 (x 6)
2

1x 1722 + (y + 8)

Equation of BC is
y = 2 (x 1)
3

2 (x 1) 3 (x 6) 1
=
3
2
4x 4 = 9x + 54 6
13x = 52
x = 4, y = 2
[ C(4, 2)
Radius of circle BC = 32 + 22
= 13
Equation of circle is
(x 4)2 + (y 2)2 = 13
x2 + y 2 8x 4y + 7 = 0
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ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

11

4x

24

P(0, 8)

3y

C
3x y = 7

Gradient of line 3y 4x 24 = 0 is 4
3
3
[ gradient of PC =
4
Equation of PC is
y 8 = 3 (x 0)
4
i.e. 4y + 3x = 32
line: 3x y = 7 

(1)
(2)

Solving: 5y = 25 y = 5, x = 4, C(4, 5)
Radius of circle = 42 + 32 = 5
Equation of circle is
(x 4)2 + (y 5)2 = 52
2
x + y 2 8x 10y + 16 = 0
12 Let the equation of the circle be
x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
(2, 5): 4 + 25 + 4g + 10f + c = 0
(4, 3): 16 + 9 + 8g + 6f + c = 0
x + y = 3:
g f = 3
(1) (2):
4 4g + 4f = 0
i.e.
g + f = 1
(4) (3):
2f = 4
f = 2
g = 1
From (1): 29 4 20 + c = 0
c = 5
Equation of circle is
x2 + y2 2x 4y 5 = 0

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Centre is (1, 2), radius = 10

13
(x 3)2 + (y 4)2 = 25
2
x 6x + 9 + y2 8y + 16 = 25
x2 + y2 6x 8y = 0
Since the coefficient of x2 is the same
as the coefficient of y 2 and there is no
term in xy, the above equation represents
a circle.
Since x = 0, y = 0 satisfies the equation, the
circle passes through the origin.

Centre of circle is C(3, 4)

Coordinates of R are (6, 8)
At P, y = 0
x2 6x = 0
x(x 6) = 0
x = 0 or 6 P(6, 0)
At Q, x = 0
y2 8y = 0
y(y 8) = 0
y = 0 or 8 Q(0, 8)
Gradient of PQ = 8 = 4
6
3
Gradient of CP = 4
3
Gradient of PQ = gradient of CP
C lies on PQ PQ is a diameter
Gradient of OC = 4
3
Gradient of tangent at O = 3
6
Equation of tangent is
y = 3 x or 3x + 4y = 0
4
14 Equation of the circle is
(x 1)(x 7) + (y 0)(y 8) = 0
x2 + y 2 8x 8y + 7 = 0
At the x-a xis, y = 0
x2 8x + 7 = 0
(x 1)(x 7) = 0
x = 1 or 7, A(1, 0), B(7, 0)
At the y-axis, x = 0
y2 8y + 7 = 0
(y 1)(y 7) = 0
y = 1 or 7, C(0, 1), D(0, 7)
AB = 6 units CD = 6 units AB = CD
Centre of circle C is (4, 4)
Gradient of CA = 4
3

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Chap-5.indd 4

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Fully Worked Solution

Gradient of tangent at A = 3
4
Equation of tangent at A is
y = 3 (x 1)
4
Gradient of BC = 4
3
Gradient of tangent at B = 3
4
Equation of tangent at B is
y = 3 (x 7)
4
Solving (1) and (2),
3 (x 1) = 3 (x 7)
4
4
1x=x7
8 = 2x x = 4
x = 4, y = 9
T 4, 9
4
4

(1)

16 y 2 + 2y 6x + 25 = 0
y 2 + 2y = 6x 25
y 2 + 2y + 1 = 6x 24
(y + 1)2 = 6(x 4)
Comparing with (y k)2 = 4a(x h)
4a = 6 a = 3
2

4 1
0 0 9 0
4

(2)

(4, 1)

17

4x2 + 9y 2 16x = 0
4(x2 4x) + 9y 2 = 0
4[(x 2)2 4] + 9y 2 = 0
4(x 2)2 + 9y 2 = 16
(x 2)2 9y 2 1
+
=
4
16
[ a = 2, b = 4
3
Centre of ellipse is (2, 0)
Length of major axis = 2a = 4

) 1 2 1 2)
)
)
1 2

Area of D ABT = 1 7 9 9
2
4
4
1 63 9
=
+
2 4
4
1 54
=
2 4
27 unit2
=
4
3
= 6 unit2
4
15

Focus 11 , 1
2

Vertex (4, 1);

1 7

Length of minor axis = 2b = 8

3
y

(7, 6)

(3, 2)
O

From a sketch, the parabola opens to the

left. Equation is of the form
(y k)2 = 4a(x h)
(y 2)2 = 4a(x + 3)
(7, 6): 42 = 4a(4)
a=1
Equation: (y 2)2 = 4(x + 3)

18

25x2 + 9y 2 150x 18y + 9 = 0

25(x2 6x) + 9( y 2 2y) + 9 = 0
25[(x 3)2 9] + 9[( y 1)2 1] + 9 = 0
25(x 3)2 + 9( y 1)2 = 225
(x 3)2 ( y 1)2 1
+
=
9
25
The equation represents an ellipse with
vertical major axis
a = 5, b = 3
Centre (3, 1);
Vertices (3, 4), (3, 6)
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Chap-5.indd 5

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ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

Solving:

y 2 = 16(y + 4)
8
2
y 2y 8 = 0
(y 4)(y + 2) = 0
y = 4 or 2

19 4y 16x 16y 48 = 0
y 2 4x2 4y 12 = 0
(y 2 4y) 4x2 = 12
(y 2)2 4x2 = 16
2
2
(y 2) x = 1
16
4
Hyperbola with vertical transverse axis
Centre: (0, 2);
Vertices: (0, 2), (0, 6)
Asymptotes: y 2 = 2(x 0)
y = 2x + 2
2

20

4x2 9y 2 + 8x + 54y 113 = 0

4(x2 + 2x) (9y 2 6y) = 113
4(x2 + 2x + 1) 9(y 2 6y + 9) = 113 + 4 81
4(x + 1)2 9(y 3)2 = 36
(x + 1)2 (y 3)2 1

=
9
4
Hyperbola with horizontal transverse axis
Centre: (1, 3);
Vertices: (2, 3), (4, 3)
2
Slopes =
3
y

y = 4, x = 1 and y = 2, x = 1
4
Points of intersection are
(1, 4) and 1 , 2
4

22 Let the equation of the tangent be

y = 2x + c
(1)
x2 + 2y 2 = 8
(2)
Solving:
x2 + 2(2x + c)2 = 8
2
2
x + 8x + 8cx + 2c2 8 = 0
9x2 + 8cx + 2c2 8 = 0
Roots are equal
64c2 4(9)(2c2 8) = 0
16c2 9(2c2 8) = 0
16c2 18c2 + 72 = 0
2c2 = 72
c2 = 36
c = 6
Equation of tangents are y = 2x 6
23 x = t(t 2)

(1)
y
+1
2

y = 2(t 1) t =

Substitute into (1):

y
y
x=
+1
+12
2
2
y
y
x=
1
+1
2
2
y2
x=
1
4
y 2 = 4(x + 1) Cartesian equation

21

21

21

y2 = 16x
y 4
y = 8x 4 x = +
8

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Fully Worked Solution

2t x2
4t2
=
2
(1 + t2)2
1+t
2
2 2
y = 1 t2 y2 = (1 t2)2
1+t
(1 + t )
2
2 2
x2 + y2 = 4t + (1 2 2t )
(1 + t )
t4 2t2 1
= + 2+2
(1 + t )

4
2
Squaring (1), x2 = 4(t 8t2 + 16)
t
4
t 16
= 4 +2 8
t
x2 = 4( y 8)
Vertex (0, 8), Focus (0, 9)

24 x =

(1 + t2)2
(1 + t2)2

=1
The Cartesian equation x2 + y2 = 1
represents a circle with centre at origin and
radius of 1 unit.
y
1

25 x = t + 1
(1)
y = 1 t 2 1
(2)
2
From (1): t = x 1
Substitute into (2):
y = 1 (x 1)2 1
2
2(y + 1) = (x 1)2
This equation represents a parabola with
vertex (1, 1), focus 1, 1 .
2

27 x = 4 cos q + 1
cos q = x 1
4
y = 3 sin q 2
y 2
sin q = +
3
2
Using sin q + cos2 q = 1
(y + 2)2 (x 1)2
+
=1
9
16
This is an equation of an ellipse with
horizotal major axis,
a = 4, b = 3
c2 = a2 b2 = 42 32 = 7
c= 7
Centre: (1, 2);
Foci: (1 7 , 2)
y

2
26 x = 2(t 4)
t
4
y = t +216
t

(1)
(2)

28 x = 3 cos q 2 cos q = x + 2
3
y = 4 sin q + 1 sin q = y 1
4
Using sin2 q + cos2 q = 1,
(y 1)2 (x + 2)2 1
+
=
16
9
a = 4, b = 3, c2 = a2 b2 = 7 c = 7
Centre: (2, 1);
Foci: (2, 1 7 )
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ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

29 x = 2 t + 1 t + 1 = x
t
t 2
2
t2 + 2 + 12 = x
(1)
4
t
y = 1 t 1 t 1 = 2y
2
t
t
t2 2 + 12 = 4y 2
(2)
t
2
(1) (2), 4 = x 4y 2
4
2
x y2 1
=
16
This equation represents a hyperbola with a
horizotal transverse axis
a = 4, b = 1

c2 = a2 + b2 = 16 + 1 = 17 c = 17
Vertices: (4, 0)

30 x = tan q 1 tan q = x + 1
y1
y = 2 sec q + 1 sec q =
2
2
2
Using sec q tan q = 1
(y 1)2 (x 1)2 1
+
=
4
Hyperbola with a vertical transverse axis
a = 2, b = 1
c2 = a2 + b2 = 4 + 1 = 5 c = 5
Centre: (1, 1)

Foci: (1, 1 5 )
y

Foci: ( 17 , 0)

Asymptotes: y = 1 x
6

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