Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
SEMSTER V
(2015-2016)
Submitted
In Part Fulfillment of the Requirement
For the Award of Degree of
Bachelor of Commerce Banking & Insurance
By
PARTH MUKESH SHAH
ROLL NO. 92
CERTIFICATE
This to certify that MR. PARTH MUKESH SHAH Roll No: 92 Student of K.J.Somaiya College of
Arts & Commerce (B.COM - BANKING AND INSURANCE) SEMESTER V (2015-2016) has
successfully completed the project on THE STUDY ON INDIAN MONEY MARKET under the
guidance of MRS. JINAL DOSHI
__________________
______________________
(PROJECT GUIDE)
(PRINCIPAL)
_______________________
Prof. MILIND SARAF
(COURSE CO-ORDINATOR)
____________________
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
DECLARATION
Students Signature
_________________________
MR.PARTH M SHAH
(Roll No.92)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
(Students Signature)
___________________
Mr. PARTH M. SHAH
THE STUDY ON
INDIAN MONEY MARKET
Executive Summary
In India the money market plays a vital role in the progress of economy. But,
it is not well developed when compared to American and London money
markets. In this market short-term funds are borrowed and lent among
participants permitted by RBI.
Money Market ensures that institutions which have surplus funds earn certain
returns on the surplus. Otherwise these funds will be idle with the
institutions. Similarly, the money market ensures funds for the needy at
reasonable interest. This way liquidity position is assured by money market
operations.
Let us now discuss the various money market instruments in India. In India
the Money Market is regulated by RBI. Hence, the instruments traded and the
players in the market require to be approved by RBI
Table of Content
Sr.no
1.
Particulars
Pg.no
Introduction
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
4
6
11
11
2.
12
13
14
17
18
38
40
43
45
Sr.no
3.
Particulars
Pg.no
47
49
55
59
60
64
4.1. Findings
64
4.2. Suggestions
65
5.
Conclusion
67
6.
Webliography
68
7.
Bibliography
69
4.
Table of Content
1. Introduction
The seventh largest and second most populous country in the world, India has long been
considered a country of unrealized potential. A new spirit of
economic freedom is now stirring in the country, bringing
sweeping changes in its wake. A series of ambitious
economic reforms aimed at deregulating the country and
stimulating foreign investment has moved India firmly into
the front ranks of the rapidly growing Asia Pacific region
and unleashed the latent strengths of a complex and rapidly changing nation.
India's process of economic reform is firmly rooted in a
political consensus that spans her diverse political
parties. India's democracy is a known and stable factor,
which has taken deep roots over nearly half a century.
Importantly, India has no fundamental conflict between
its political and economic systems. Its political
institutions have fostered an open society with strong
collective and individual rights and an environment
supportive of free economic enterprise.
Long term investments. These include a free and vibrant India's time tested institutions
offer foreign investors a transparent environment that guarantees the security of their
press, a judiciary which can and does overrule the government, a sophisticated legal and
accounting system and a user friendly intellectual infrastructure. India's dynamic and
highly competitive private sector has long been the backbone of its economic activity. It
accounts for over 75% of its Gross Domestic Product and offers considerable scope for
joint ventures and collaborations.
Today, India is one of the most exciting emerging money markets in the world. Skilled
managerial and technical manpower that match
the best available in the world and a middle
class whose size exceeds the population of the
USA or the European Union, provide India with
a distinct cutting edge in global competition.
The average turnover of the money market in
India is over Rs. 40,000 crores daily. This is
more than 3 percents of the total money supply
in the Indian economy and 6 percent of the total
funds that commercial banks have let out to the
system. This implies that 2 percent of the annual
GDP of India gets traded in the money market in just one day. Even though the money
market is many times larger than the capital market, it is not even fraction of the daily
trading in developed markets.
Reasonable price
1.3 Methodology
(A) Primary Data: - (Questionnaire)
Questionnaire for Indian Money Market
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Contact No.
Profession:
4) How long would you like to hold your Money Market Instruments?
Long term period
Short term period
Sampling objective: To find out individual investors for the age group of 18 -55 years.
Sampling area: Navi Mumbai
No of People Sampled : 40
Particulars
No. of investors
Deposits in Banks
13
Investment in
07
Real Estate
Investment in
11
Capital Market
Investment in
09
Money Market
The
above
pie
diagram show how the pattern of investment of saving by individual investors in various
field of investment
Risk Involvement
No. of Investors
Low
03
10
Average
05
Medium
15
High
17
11
1.5 OJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:The main objectives of this project are the following:
To study about INDIAN MONEY MORKETAND its related aspects like its
types and instruments.
To study about INDIAN MONEY MARKET its related aspect history,
organizational structure, participants.
To find out the investors savings preferences.
12
2.
Money market refers to the market where money and highly liquid marketable
securities are bought and sold having a maturity period of one or less than one
year. It is not a place like the stock market but an activity conducted by telephone.
The money market constitutes a very important segment of the Indian financial
system. The highly liquid marketable securities are also called as money market
instruments like treasury bills, government securities, commercial paper,
certificates of deposit, call money, repurchase agreements etc.
The major player in the money market are Reserve
Bank of India (RBI), Discount and Finance House of
India (DFHI), banks, financial institutions, mutual
funds, government, big corporate houses. The basic aim
of dealing in money market instruments is to fill the gap
of short-term liquidity problems or to deploy the short-term surplus to gain income
on that.
The money market is a market for
lending and borrowing of short-term
funds.
Money market deals in funds and
financial instrument having a maturity
period of one day to one year.
The instruments in the money market
are close substitutes for money as they
are of short-term nature and highly liquid.
13
14
15
16
17
Financial
Financial
market
market
Money
Money
market
market
Capital
Capital
market
market
18
19
Structure
The Indian money market consists of two main sectors:
1) ORGANISED SECTOR:
The RBI is the apex institution that controls and monitors all the
organizations in the organized sector.
Also, the organized money market is composed of various
components/ instruments that are highly liquid in nature.
The instruments traded are call money, treasury bills, commercial bills,
certificate of deposits, commercial papers, repos etc.
The organized money market is further diversified with the establishment of
the Discount and finance House of India, and Money market Mutual Funds.
20
The RBI intervenes in the call money market because it is highly sensitive
and it is the indicator of liquidity position in the organized money market.
The call money rate (that depends on depends on demand for and supply of
funds) is highly variable from day to day and from centre to centre.
Treasury bills are short-term securities issued by the RBI on behalf of the
Government of India.
Treasury bills are of three types: 91 day treasury bills, 182 days treasury bills
and 364 day treasury bills.
Since these bills are issued through auctions, interest rates on all types of
treasury bills are determined by market forces.
Treasury bills are highly liquid and are readily available.
They give assured yields at a low transaction cost.
Treasury Bills are eligible for inclusion in the SLR.
Moreover, they have negligible capital depreciation.
Treasury Bills are available for a minimum amount of Rs 25000 and in
multiples of RS 25000.
Treasury Bills are traded in the secondary market. Commercial banks, Primary
Dealers, Mutual Funds, Corporate, and Financial Institutions, Provident /
Pension funds and Insurance companies participate in the treasury Bills
Market.
23
24
Such bills are called trade bills / bills of exchange and when they are
accepted by banks, they are called commercial bills.
Generally the bill is payable at a future date (mostly, the maturity period is
up to 90 days).
During this period, the seller may discount the bill with the banks. The
commercial banks may rediscount these bills with FIs like EXIM bank,
SIDBI, IDBI, etc.
Thus, commercial bills are very important for providing short-term credit to
trade and commerce.
CDs are marketable receipts of funds deposited in a bank for a fixed period
at a specified rate of interest.
They are highly liquid and riskless money market instruments.
CDs were originally introduced in India to enable commercial banks to raise
funds from the market.
The RBI has modified its original scheme for CDs. the following are the recent
guidelines for the issue of CDs:a. ELIGIBILITY: CDs can be issued by commercial banks (except RRBs and
Local Area Banks) and financial institutions that have been permitted to
raise short-term loans by RBI.
26
27
v) COMMERCIAL PAPERS:
28
29
30
The RBI achieves the function of maintaining liquidity in the money market
through REPOS / REVERSE REPOS.
The repo / reverse repo is a
very important money market
instrument to facilitate shortterm liquidity adjustment
among banks, financial
institutions and other money
market players.
A repo / reverse repo is a
transaction in which two
parties agree to sell and
repurchase the same security at a mutually decided future date and price.
From the sellers point of view, the transaction is called a repo; whereby the
seller gets immediate funds by selling the securities with an agreement to
repurchase the same at a future date.
Similarly, from the buyers point of view, the transaction is called a reverse
repo, whereby the purchaser buys the securities with an agreement to resell
the same at a future date.
The RBI, commercial banks and primary Dealers deal in the repos and
reverse repo transactions.
31
The Discount and Finance House of India is jointly owned by the RBI, the
public sector banks and all India financial institutions.
33
The RBI introduced Money Market Mutual Funds to enable small investors
to participate in the money market. Thus, MMMFs mobilizes saving of
mutual funds and invest them in such money market instruments that mature
in less than one year.
The following are the important features of MMMFs:a. MMMFs can be set by scheduled commercial banks and public finance
institutions.
b. Individuals, corporates, etc can invest in MMMFs.
c. the lock-in period has been reduced to 15 days.
d. MMMFs are under the regulation of SEBI.
e. NRIs and Overseas Corporate Bodies can invest in MMMFs (on anonrepatriation basis) floated by commercial banks / public sector financial
34
2) UNORGANISED SECTOR:
35
different
names
like
Kathawals,
Saraf,
36
37
# Loan companies:
a. Loan Companies (also called as finance companies) have capital in the form
of borrowings, deposits or owned funds.
b. They attract deposits by offering high rate of interest and other incentives.
c. Loans are also given at a very high rate of interest (36% t0 48% p.a).
d. Traders, small-scale industries and self-employed people are the main
participants.
iv) FINANCE BROKERS:
They are found in all major urban markets,
especially in cloth market, commodity
market and grain market.
They are intermediaries between lenders and
borrowers.
39
40
The market comes within the direct preview of the Reserve Bank of India
regulations.
The RBI intervenes in the call money
indirectly in two ways By
providing
finance/additional
lines
funding
of
to
the
The aims of the Reserve Banks operations in the money market are:
To ensure that liquidity and short term interest rates are maintained at levels
Consistent with the monetary policy objectives of maintaining price stability.
41
Entry Barriers
The entry into this field is restricted by RBI.
Commercial Banks, Co-operative Banks and
Primary Dealers are allowed to borrow and
lend in this market.
42
43
While the need for long term financing is met by the capital or financial markets,
money market is a mechanism which deals with lending and borrowing of short
term funds. Post reforms period in India has witnessed tremendous growth of the
Indian money markets. Banks and other financial institutions have been able to meet
the high expectations of short term funding of important sectors like the industry,
services and agriculture. Functioning under the regulation and control of the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI), the Indian
money markets have also exhibited
the required maturity and resilience
over the past about two decades.
Decision of the government to allow
the private sector banks to operate
has provided much needed healthy
competition in the money markets,
resulting
in
fair
amount
of
crunch, the RBI has the option of either reducing the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) or
pumping in more money supply into the system. Recently, to overcome the liquidity
crunch in the Indian money market, the RBI has released more than Rs 75,000 crore
with two back-to-back reductions in the CRR.
In addition to the lending by the banks
and the financial institutions, various
companies in the corporate sector also
issue fixed deposits to the public for
shorter duration and to that extent
become part of the money market
mechanism selectively. The maturities
of the instruments issued by the money
market as a whole, range from one day
to one year. The money market is also
closely
linked
with
the
Foreign
The India money market is a monetary system that involves the lending and
borrowing of short-term funds. India money market has seen exponential growth
45
just after the globalization initiative in 1992. It has been observed that financial
institutions do employ money market instruments for financing short-term
monetary requirements of various sectors such as agriculture, finance and
manufacturing. The performance of the India money market has been outstanding
in the past twenty years.
Central
bank
of
the
country
India
playing
the
regulating
major
role
in
money
market. The intervention of RBI is varied - curbing crisis situations by reducing the
cash reserve ratio (CRR) or infusing more money in the economy.
46
47
48
Lack of Organized Bill Market: In the Indian money market, the organized
bill market is not prevalent. Though the RBI tried to introduce the Bill
Market Scheme (1952) and then New Bill Market Scheme in 1970, still there
is no properly organized bill market in India.
Absence of Integration: This is a very important feature of the Indian money
market. At the same time it is divided among several segments or sections
hitch are loosely connected with each other. There is a lack of coordination
among these different components of the money market. RBI has full control
over the components in the organized segment but it cannot control the
components in the unorganized segment.
49
High Volatility in Call Money Market: The call money market is a market
for very short term money. Here money is demanded at the call rate.
Basically the demand for call money comes from the commercial banks.
Institutions such as the GIC, LIC, etc suffer huge fluctuations and thus it has
remained highly volatile.
Limited Instruments: It is in fact a defect of the Indian money market. In our
money market the supply of various instruments such as the Treasury Bills,
Commercial Bills, Certificate of Deposits, Commercial Papers, etc. is very
limited. In order to meet the varied requirements of borrowers and lenders, It
is necessary to develop numerous instruments.
50
The transactions in the money market are of high volume involving large amount.
So, money market is dominated by a small number of large players.
Some of the important players in the
money market are:
Reserve Bank of India.
Discount and finance House of
India.
Financial Institution.
Non-banking finance companies.
Securities Trading Corporation of India.
Public sector undertakings (PSU).
The role of important players in the money market is discussed below:
*RESERVE BANK OF INDIA:
The reserve Bank of India is the most important player in the Indian Money
Market.
The Organized money market comes under the direct regulation of the RBI.
51
The RBI operates in the money market is to ensure that the levels of
liquidity and short-term interest rates are maintained at
an optimum level so as to facilitate economic growth
and price stability.
RBI also plays the role of a merchant banker to the
government. It issues Treasury Bills and other
Government Securities to raise funds for the
government.
The RBI thus plays the role of an intermediary and regulator of the money
market.
*GOVERNMENT:
The Government is the most active player and the largest borrower in the
money market.
It raises funds to make up the budget deficit.
The funds may be raised through the issue of
Treasury Bills (with maturity period of
91day/182day/364 days) and government
securities.
52
*CORPORATE FIRMS:
Corporate firms operate in the money market to raise short-term funds to
meet their working capital requirements.
They issue commercial papers with a maturity period of 7 days to 1 year.
These papers are issued at a discount and redeemed at face value on
maturity.
These corporate firms use both organized and unorganized sectors of money
market.
*BANKS:
Commercial Banks play an important role in the money market.
They undertake lending and borrowing of short term funds.
The collective operations of the banks on a day to day basis are very
predominant and hence have a major impact and influence on the interest
rate structure and the liquidity position.
53
*FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS:
Financial institutions also deal in the money market.
They undertake lending and borrowing of short-term
funds.
They also lend money to banks by rediscounting Bills of Exchange.
Since, they transact in large volumes, they have a significant impact on the
money market.
*INSTITUTIONAL PLAYERS:
They Consist of Mutual Funds, Foreign Institutional Players, Insurance
Firms, etc.
Their level of Participation depends on the regulations.
For instance the level of participation of the FIIs in the
Indian money market is restricted to investment in Government Securities.
54
55
57
improve day-to-day liquidity management and help develop a market for credit risk
transfer instruments between banks.
Futures on Policy Linked Interest Rates
Going forward, an Indian variant of the Federal Funds Futures on interest rates
linked to the Reserve Banks key policy rates may emerge. Trading in the futures
market would reveal important information about market expectation on the future
course of monetary policy. For instance, the trading of the Federal Funds Futures
provides key information to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) in the
US in formulating its monetary policy.
Promoting Financial Stability
Default risk in the money market has the potential to create a contagion in the
financial markets and, therefore, needs to be mitigated. In this regard, experiences
of developed economies show that generally the self-regulatory organizations
(SROs) regulate activities of participants in the money market in terms of their
capital adequacy and conduct of business. Also, default resolution in most of these
markets is undertaken through the Contract Law and the Bankruptcy Law. In view
of international experience, there may be a case for empowering a suitable selfregulatory organization appropriately to act as a catalyst for the development of
market microstructure.
One of the fundamental forces that could contribute to more organic integration
across various segments of the financial market is the technological up gradation of
the payment and settlement system. The accomplishment of virtual Public Debt
Office (PDO) and Deposit Accounts Department (DAD) at the Reserve Bank,
59
60
61
Some of the important drawbacks of Indian Money Market are:1. MULTIPLE RATE OF INTEREST: In the Indian money market, especially
the banks, there exist too many rates of interests. These rates vary for lending,
borrowing, government activities, etc. Many rates of interests create confusion
among the investors.
2. DICHOTOMY: Dichotomy i.e. existence of two markets (organized money
market and unorganized money market) is a major defect of the Indian Money
Market. The unorganized money market comprises of indigenous bankers,
moneylenders, chit funds, nidhis , loan companies and finance brokers that do
not come under the control and supervision of the RBI. This unorganized sector
is mainly concentrated in the rural areas and it does not differentiate between
short term and long term finance and between the purposes of finance. This puts
a limit on the RBIs control over the money market.
3. LACK OF INTEGRATION: The RBI finds it difficult to integrate the
organized and the unorganized money market. While the RBI can control and
supervise the working of the organized sector effectively, the heterogeneous
unorganized sector is out of RBIs control. There is no uniformity in the
practices and operations of the unorganized money market. Moreover, the
interest rates in both the markets are also different. Thus there is lack of
integration in the Indian money market.
62
63
OF
WELL-ORGANISED
BANKING
SECTOR
IN
RURALAREA: There is poor banking system in the rural area due to the
problems of overheads and maintenance of branches. The commercial bank
branches in rural area are only 40% of the total bank branches. This also
hampers the development of money market in India.
10.INEFFICIENT AND CORRUPT MANAGEMENT: Faulty selection, lack of
training, poor performance appraisal and faulty promotions result in
inefficiency and corruption in the banking sector. This adversely affects the
success and performance of money market. These are some of the major
drawbacks of the Indian money market; many of these are also the features of
our money market.
64
4.2 SUGGESTIONS
65
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
66
(vi)
(viii) Money Market Mutual Funds should be set up by various banks and
institutions. This would increase the retail participation in the
market.
67
5. Conclusions
The money market is a vibrant market, affecting our everyday lives. As the shortterm market for money, money changes hands in a short time frame and the players
in the market have to be alert to changes, up to date with news and innovative with
strategies and products. The withdrawal of non-bank entities from the inter-bank
call-money market is linked to the improvement of settlement systems. Any timebound plan for the evolution of a pure inter-bank call/notice money market would
be ineffective till the basic issue of settlements is addressed.
In brief, various policy initiatives by the Reserve Bank have facilitated
development of a wider range of instruments such as market repo, interest rate
swaps, CDs and CPs. This approach has avoided market segmentation while
meeting demand for various products. These developments in money markets have
enabled better liquidity management by the Reserve Bank
68
6. Webliography
www.google.com
http://business.mapsofindia.com/india-market/money.html
RBIs site --- http://rbi.org.in
SBI DFHIs site --- http://sbidfhi.com/
Indian Institute Of Banking & Finance --- http://www.iibf.org.in
http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.rbi.org.in/weekly statistical supplement/ various issues.co.in
www.investopedia.com
www.bseindia.com
www.nseindia.com
www.economics.indiatimes.com
www.gktoday.in
69
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOURCE
AUTHOR
Nasser Saber
R.S. Aggrawal
M.S. Gopalan
Development
4. Financial Management
Prasanna Chandra
P.K. Bandgar
70