Industrial Revolution

Presented by

Miss Janpen Kaewchiengtai

To

Dr.Boonsom Yodmalee

Mahasarakham University
Semester 2009/2
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Contents

Topics Page numbers

The Agricultural Revolution 1

Technological Change since 1700 2
The Stream Engine 3
Electric Power 3
Railroads 4
Advance in transportation 5
The Steamship 5
Communications 6
Changing Social Pattern 7
Paper report 8
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Agricultural Revolution

There was the agricultural revolution between 1760

and 1830 as the open field system of cultivation gave way to
compact the farms and enclosed the fields. There was the
nitrogen rotation and the cereal crops protect the necessity of
leaving a half the fallow each planting. In addition there was the
new farm happened at that time including turnips and potatoes.
Jethro Tull and Lord Townshend are important of the root crops.
Tull had developed the sees and horse hoe. He grew the seed in
greater proportion in order to germinate by planting it below the
surface of the ground to away from the bird or the wind.
Moreover he had suggested the four of the crop’s rotation that
are wheat, turnips, oats or barley and clover.
Robert Bakwell was the creative man to do the
field of systematic stock breeding. In the past the sheep was the
more worth for the wool and cattle for the strength. He also
showed how to breed for the quality. He selected his animals in
order to inbreed them, and finally he was particularly successful
with sheep. Then his method was well established.
The Board of Agriculture was established in 1793,
and there was the secretary, Arthur Young. He was a great
success even if he was failure as a practical farmer. At those
days the third George had some part of the Buckingham Palace
and was called Farmer George.
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Technological Change since 1700

In the eighteenth century there was the technology

change, but it was not appear immediately. During the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries there was the advance method of
making glass, clocks and chemicals markedly. In 1870 the
tendency of the state and the gilds to oppose the industrialization
was weak in France,but actually the popular interesting in the
industrialization seemed to be the wave of the enthusiasm
elicited by the experimental agriculture.
In the beginning of the eighteenth century there was
the use of machines in the industrial plant widespread. In 1762
Mathew Boulton built the factory and employed the worker
more than six hundred people. He also installed the steam
engine to supplement power from two large waterwheels which
worked by the variety of lathes and polishing and grinding
machines. There was the industry developed in Staffordshire
such as the pottery with chinaware. Joiah Wedgewood (1730 -
1795) was one of the revolutionized the production and sale of
the pottery. Besides using the pottery, there is the used of
waterwheels or windmills to turn machinery was used
extensively in the pottery making process by 1700.
Nevertheless by 1700 there was the problem about
textile industry, the problem was about the working of spinners,
so in 1733 John Kay who was a mechanic, he patented his flying
shuttle. He made the yarn availability and the weaving can done
more quickly. Between 1780 and 1860 there was another textile
process were mechanized, and by 1894 Northrup produced the
automatic loom.
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The Stream Engine

There was provided the development of the engine

industrial in Europe. The most modern steam engine was built
by an engineer, Thomas Newcomen. In 1705 he had developed
the plumping engine to used to get rid the seepage in tin and
copper mines. His thought was put the vertical piston and
cylinder at the end of the plump handle. He put steam in the
cylinder and then condensed it with a spray of cold water, the
vacuum created allowed atmospheric pressure to push the piston
down. In 1774 the industrialist Michael Boulton Watt into
partnership, and they produced nearly five hundred engines
before Watt’s patent expired in 1800, by the way the Watt
engine drove to Robert Fulton’s experimental steam vessel
Clermont up the Hudson in 1807.

Electric Power

In 1873 the ability of dynamo was prolonged

operation, and also was developed in 1831 as Michael had
demonstrated how electricity could be mechanically produced.
Through the nineteenth century there was the limit of using the
electric power by the small ability transmission lines with high
cost. In 1900 the generators produced the cheap electricity in
France and Italy, after that there were the electricity in every
village in the north of Rome. In 1890 there was the first
electricity streetcar in Florence.
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Railroads

There was the greatly convenience of the railroads

industry in Europe. In the eighteenth the rail track had been
common use for coal from the pithead to the colliery or the
furnace. After 1800 there was the use of rail track outside
London, Sheffield and Munich, there was more commerce
facilitates for the movement of merchandise from the factory to
the ports and the state. In 1801 Richard Trevithic produced the
engine by the pull tack around the mind where he worked in
Cornwell, and then there was the railway opened from Liverpool
to Manchester in 1830.
The great railways was build in 1844 to 1847, after that
the network of railway had been built, and the railroad trains
traveling at thirty to fifty miles per hour. British were successful
in the traveling of the steam locomotion, and it was enough to
encourage the building of railroads in European countries. After
1842 France began to use the railroad system including private
and public enterprise.
The government had provided the road and made the
contract of rent to the private company which provided the
equipment. There were the railways served to link communities
separated by vast distances in Russia, Canada, and USA.
Although there weren’t the vast empty spaces in Germany but
the railroads helped affecting to the political and economic
integration.
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Advance in Transportation

The internal combustion was developed in Europe

before 1900, but in American there was the use of automobile in
the society. In the mid-twentieth century almost people in
Europe had own automobile, then the motorcar began to
transform social patterns. The development of the automobile
industry created the large fields fro the investment.
The First World War was the beginning of commercial
aviation. In Germany, the military aircraft was ban and imposed
by the peace treaty led to the development of civilian airlines. In
1929 the commercial planes were flying out of the European
capitals to all importance places on the globe.

The Steamship

In 1770 there was the experiment of the steamship in

England, Scotland and America. Robert Fulton’s Clermont had
traveled from Hudson to Albany. The people on the shore saw
the sparks from the smokestack and thought it was the devil had
gone by the raft. In 1811
Bell built the Comet and ran it about eight years between
Glasgow and the port; it was about twenty-five miles distant.
There were two problems in connection with steam vessels soon
came to light that are the
self-impelled ship was more expensive to build and operate than
sailing vessels and its boiler and machinery were so bulky that
was the room for left for the passengers. Anyway the technical
problems were solved shortly and then the steam vessels crossed
to North Atlantic in 1840.
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Communications

The penny post on the letters was inaugurated in

Britain in 1840 after it was discovered that handing, and there
was the critical about cost in delivering mall. Every letter
weighed half-ounce or less than two cents. In 1875 Postal Union
University had established the facility of the transmission of
mail between foreign countries. Moreover in 1871 there was the
telegraph arrived from London to Australia.
In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell transferred the
human with the voice through the wire, even if it was so long
time before the telephone had came. At the end of the century
the wireless telegraph became popular and safety. The radio was
inaugurated in 1920 then it was the advantage commerce in
America by expending the scope more than Europe. The
broadcasting systems were either operates or closely controlled
by America and could not broadcast the commerce.
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Changing Social Patterns

The industry revolution leaded to the increase of

the population in urban like a new social class. England and
Germany had shown the growth rate of the something more than
one percent annually.
At this rate of the population increased in double within seven
years. There was only the population in England tended to
remain inactive after the eighteenth century. Until there was the
industrial revolution, almost people lived in the rural areas.
Anyway the half of English people lived in the cities in the mid-
nineteenth century. Between 1800 and 1950 there were the
European lived in the cities exceedingly. In the beginning of
nineteenth century there was the lack of the cities in Europe.
Because there were 100,000 people at that time, but in 1900
there were more than 150 cities in this size. The rise of great
cities can be contented in many ways, including the
concentration of a work force, the building the great city to
access the railways such as Liverpool, Hamburg and New York.
The last having tended to build the population center and build
the bank, markets and factories like in London, Paris and Berlin.
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The industrial revolution

The industrial revolution leads to the development of

agriculture, technology change and Changing Social Patterns.
The first the industrial revolution leads to the development
of agriculture, by the open field system of cultivation gave way
to compact communicate ct the farms and enclosed the fields.
There was the nitrogen rotation and the cereal crops. In addition
Robert Backwell was the creative man; He selected his animals
in order to inbreed them. He was particularly successful with
sheep. Then his method was well established.
The second moreover since 1700s, there was the
technology change. During the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries there was the advance method of making glass, clocks
and chemicals markedly, and then in the eighteen century in
England; there was the use of the factory in exceedingly. In
addition Mathew Boulton built the factory; he also installed the
steam engine to supplement power from two large waterwheels
in 1762. After 1700 the pottery and textile were initiated. In
1894 Northrup produced the automatic loom. There was the
communicate revolution in 1840. People began to use the letters
to communicate. Moreover in 1871 there was the telegraph and
at the end of the century the wireless telegraph became popular
and safety. In the same time, there was the transports were used
widely; there was the greatly convenience of the railroads to
make contact in the convenience trade faster.
The third the growth rate of the population has been rise
every year, particularly America which increasing more than 3%
in each year. On the other hand, by the eighteenth century in
France there was remain static. After the eighteenth century the
population was rise and cause of the lack of the cities until the
industrial revolution almost population in the world lived in the
rural areas none the less the half of English population move to
live in the city in nineteenth century. In the mid-nineteenth
century there were 100,000 populations has not lack of the cities
but in 1900 there were more than 150 cities in this size. The rise
of great cities can be contented in many ways.