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1.2 OBJECTIVES:
Primary objective:
To study the various factors that affect job satisfaction at
Kaleesuwari Private Limited.
Secondary objectives:
To highlight the factors hindering the workers job.
To find out whether employees are satisfied with the health and safety
measures provided.
To analyse the relationship between the employees.
To analyse the superior-subordinate relationship.
1.5 LIMITATIONS :
1.1 DEFINITION:
Job satisfaction means how content an individual is with his or
her job.
In other words job satisfaction may be defined as, the satisfaction
or utility that a worker receives from employment. Job satisfaction might result from the
working environment (friendly workers, supportive boss) or from the type of work
performed (playing sports, creating artwork, accomplishing goals). Satisfaction generated
by a job is part of the total compensation an employee receives, meaning workers with
more job satisfaction are often willing to accept a lower monetary wage payment.
Job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is frequently
measured by organizations. The most common way of measurement is the use of rating
scales where employees report their reactions to their jobs. Questions relate to rate of pay,
working conditions, work responsibilities , variety tasks, promotional opportunities, the
work itself and co workers.
HISTORY:
One of the biggest preludes to the study of job satisfaction was the
Hawthorne studies. These studies (1924-1933) , primarily credited to Elton Mayo of the
Harvard Business School, sought to find the effects of various conditions on workers
productivity. These studies ultimately showed that novel changes in work condition
temporarily increase the productivity called as hawthorne effect. It was later found that
this increase resulted, not from the new conditions, but from the knowledge of being
observed. This finding provided strong evidence that people work for purposes other than
pay, which paved the way for researchers to investigate other factors in job satisfaction.
Scientific Management also had a significant impact on the study of job
satisfaction. Frederick winslow Taylors 1911 book, Principles of Scientific Management,
argued that there was a single best way to perform any given work task. This book
contributed to a change in industrial production philosophies, causing a shift from skilled
labour and piecework towards the more modern approach of assembly lines and hourly
wages. The initial use of scientific management by industries greatly increased
productivity because workers were forced to work at a faster pace. However, the workers
became exhausted and dissatisfied, thus leaving researchers with new questions to answer
regarding job satisfaction. It should also be noted that the work of W.L. Bryan, Walter
Dill Scott and Hugo Munsterberg set the tone for Taylors work.
Some argue that Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, a motivation
theory, laid the foundation for job satisfaction theory. This theory explains that people
seek to satisfy five specific needs in life like physiological needs, safety needs, social
needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization. This model served as a good basis from
which early researchers could develop job satisfaction theories.
Job satisfaction can also be seen within the broader context of the
ranges which affect an individuals experience of work, or their quality of working life.
Job satisfaction can be understood in terms of its relationships with other key factors,
such as factors well-being, stress at work, control at work, home-work interface and
working conditions.
This approach has been repeated many times with a variety of job holders
in various countries. The results indicated that when people talked about feeling good or
satisfied they mentioned features intrinsic to the job and when people talked about feeling
dissatisfied with the job they talked, about factors extrinsic to the job. Herzberg called
these as Hygiene Factors and Motivators respectively.
(a) Hygiene Factors (Maintenance Factors)
They represent the need to avoid pain in the environment. They are not
an intrinsic part of a job, but they are related to the conditions under which a job is
performed. They are associated with negative feelings. They are environment related
factors, hygienes. They must be viewed as preventive measures that remove source of
dissatisfaction from the environment. Like physical hygiene, they do not lead to
growth but only prevent deterioration. Maintaining a hygienic working environment
will not improve motivation any more than garbage disposal or water purification.
Hygiene factors produce no growth in worker output, they prevent loss in
performance caused by work restriction.
Variables affecting Motivation in Organizational Setting.
Hygienes
1. Company policy and
administration
2. Relationship with supervisor,
subordinates and peers
3. Work conditions
4. Salary
5. Personal life
6. Status
7. Security
Motivators
1. Achievement
(b)
2. Recognition
3. Work itself
4. Responsibility
5. Advancement
6. Growth
Motivators
Motivators are associated with positive feelings of employees about their
job. They are relater to the content of the job. They make people satisfied with their job.
If managers wish to increase motivation and performance above the average level, they
must enrich the work and increase a persons freedom on the job. Motivators are
necessary to keep job satisfaction and job performance high. On the other hand, if they
are not present they do not prove highly satisfying.
SAMPLE
The term sample refers to that group of element of the population specifically
selected for study, so as to find out something about the population for which it is
taken. A sample is an intelligently or deliberately selected subset of the population.
SAMPLE SIZE
The size of the population from which the sample is to be drawn
determines the sample size required for a representative samples. A sample must be small
enough to prevent any uncalled costs and large enough to minimize the error to a certain
level.
Sample size of this study is 50 respondents.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
A simple random sampling was used for selecting the sample.
A simple random sample is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a large set
(population). Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance. Such that each
individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling
process, and each subset of k individuals has the same probability of being chosen for
the sample as any other subset of k individuals. This process and technique is known as
simple random sampling.
DATA
Data are pieces of information that represent the qualitative or quantitative
attributes of a variable or set of variables. Data (plural of datum) are typically the
results of measurements and can be the basis of graphs, images, or observations of a set
of variables. Data are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which
information and knowledge are derived. It serves as a base for research and analysis.
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
(a) Primary Data:
Primary Data refers to information that is generated to meet the specific
requirements of the investigation at hand.
In primary data collection method, the data is collected using methods
such as interviews and questionnaires. The key point here is that the data is unique. It is
raw data without interpretation. The primary data, may be qualitative in nature (usually in
the form if words) or quantitative (usually in the form of numbers or where you can make
counts of words used).
There are many methods used to collect primary data and the main methods include:
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
Case-studies
In this study Questionnaires were used to make the job satisfaction study.
QUESTIONNAIRE
It is a formalized framework consisting of a set of questions and
scales designed to generate primary raw data. It is a preformulated written set of
questions to which respondents record their answers. The answers are mostly chosen by a
respondent from within the defined alternatives.
(b) Secondary Data:
Secondary data refer to information gathered by someone other than
the researcher conducting the current study. Such data can be internal or external and
accessed through the internet or perusal of recorded or published information. Secondary
sources of data provide a lot of information for research and problem solving. The data
are quantitative in nature.
There are several sources of secondary data, including books and
periodicals government publications of economic indicators, census data, statistical
abstracts, data bases, the media, annual reports of companies, case studies and other
archival records. The advantage of seeking secondary data sources is savings in time and
cost of acquiring information.
STATISTICAL TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS
Table 1
Pie chart
Bar chart
Percentage analysis
Age of employees :
AGE
Below 20
20-30
30-40
40-50
Above 50
Total
PERCENTAGE
12
16
46
16
10
100
Inferences:
We infer from the above table that 12% are in the age group below 20, 16%
are in the age group 20-30, 46% are in the age group 30-40,16% are in the age group 4050, 10% are in the age group above 50.
Table 2
Gender :
Male : 32
Female : 18
Inferences:
We infer from the above table that 64% is men employees and 36% is women
employees.
Table 3
Marital Status :
STATUS
Married
Unmarried
Total
PERCENTAGE
40
60
100
Inferences:
We infer from the above table that 40% is married and remaining 60% is
unmarried.
Table 4
Experience
YEARS
0-3 yrs
3-6 yrs
6-9 yrs
9-12 yrs
12-15 yrs
Total
PERCENTAGE
30
26
18
16
10
100
Inferences:
We infer from the above table that 30% has experience for 0-3 years, 26% for
3-6 years, 18% for 6-9 years, 16% for 9-12 years and 10% for 12-15 years.
Table 5
Educational Qualification :
FACTORS
th
Till 8
Till 10th
Till 12th
UG
PG
Total
PERCENTAGE
24
44
16
10
6
100
Inferences:
We infer from the above table that 24% of employees have their education
level till 8th standard, 44% till 10th standard, 16% till 12th standard, 10% till UG and 6%
till PG.
Table 6
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
10
40
20
26
4
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 10% of the employees are highly satisfied
that the job suits their educational qualification, 40% are satisfied, 20% are neutral, 26%
are dissatisfied and 4% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 7
Pay package & other benefits :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
20
36
24
12
8
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 20% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the pay packages and other benefits, 36% are satisfied, 24% are neutral, 12% are
dissatisfied and 8% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 8
Superior subordinate relationship :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
10
30
50
6
4
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 10% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the superior-subordinate relationship, 30% are satisfied, 50% are neutral, 6% are
dissatisfied and 4% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 9
Stress remedies:
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
14
40
24
16
6
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 14% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the stress remedies provided, 40% are satisfied, 24% are neutral, 16% are
dissatisfied and 6% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 10
Work environment :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
22
24
30
14
10
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 22% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the working environment, 24% are satisfied, 30% are neutral, 14% are dissatisfied
and 10% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 11
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
30
50
16
4
0
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 30% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the flexible working hours, 50% are satisfied, 16% are neutral, 4% are dissatisfied.
Table 12
Benefits :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
32
28
18
18
4
100
. Inference:
We infer from the above table that 32% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the benefits provided to them, 28% are satisfied, 18% are neutral, 18% are
dissatisfied and 4% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 13
Viewing of the job :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
20
16
40
14
10
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 20% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the viewing of the job, 16% are satisfied, 40% are neutral, 14% are dissatisfied and
10% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 14
Present position in the organization :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
6
54
30
8
2
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 6% of the employees are highly satisfied
wih the present position in the organisation, 54% are satisfied, 30% are neutral, 8% are
dissatisfied and 2% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 15
Communication of goals & strategies :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
24
56
12
8
0
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 24% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the communication of goals and strategies, 56% are satisfied, 12% are neutral, 8%
are dissatisfied.
Table 16
Team spirit at work place :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
16
50
16
12
6
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 16% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the team-spirit at work place, 50% are satisfied, 16% are neutral, 12% are
dissatisfied and 6% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 17
Overall job security :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
6
14
16
40
24
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 6% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the overall job security, 14% are satisfied, 16% are neutral, 40% are dissatisfied and
24% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 18
Overall satisfaction with the job :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
20
40
18
12
10
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 20% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the overall satisfaction of the job, 40% are satisfied, 18% are neutral, 12% are
dissatisfied and 10% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 19
Regular maintenance of the machines :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
30
28
22
12
8
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 30% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the regular maintenance of the machines, 28% are satisfied, 22% are neutral, 12%
are dissatisfied and 8% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 20
Cleanliness at work place :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
40
30
16
14
0
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 40% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the cleanliness at work place, 30% are satisfied, 16% are neutral, 14% are
dissatisfied.
Table 21
Health measures provided at work place :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
30
44
14
6
6
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 30% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the health measures provided at work place, 44% are satisfied, 14% are neutral, 6%
are dissatisfied and 6% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 22
Safety measures provided at work place :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
26
46
18
10
0
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 26% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the safety measures provided at work place, 46% are satisfied, 18% are neutral, 10%
are dissatisfied.
Table 23
Restroom facility at work place :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
12
30
34
14
10
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 12% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the restroom facility at work place, 30% are satisfied, 34% are neutral, 14% are
dissatisfied and 10% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 24
Availability of spittoons :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
4
16
10
34
36
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 4% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the availability of spittoons, 16% are satisfied, 10% are neutral, 34% are dissatisfied
and 36% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 25
Appreciation of special performance :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
18
50
16
10
6
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 18% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the appreciation for their special performance, 50% are satisfied, 16% are neutral,
10% are dissatisfied and 6% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 26
Interest shown by superiors towards your work :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
10
24
40
10
16
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 10% of the employees are highly satisfied
with the interest shown by superior towards their work, 24% are satisfied, 40% are
neutral, 10% are dissatisfied and 16% are highly dissatisfied.
Table 27
Grievances settled :
FACTORS
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Total
PERCENTAGE
10
50
20
14
6
100
Inference:
We infer from the above table that 10% of the employees are highly satisfied
that with the grievances are settled, 50% are satisfied, 20% are neutral, 14% are
dissatisfied and 6% are highly dissatisfied.
FINDINGS
The major employees of the factory are between the age group of 30-40 years,
since 46% of the respondents were in that age group.
Most of the employees are men in the factory.
Women are not employed in the night shift in the factory.
The basic education qualification of the employees is 8th standard.
Most of the employees are satisfied with their pay packages and other benefits.
The employees are highly satisfied with flexible working hours which includes
night shifts also.
The style of functioning is participative, hence the relationship between the
superior and subordinate is highly satisfied.
40% of the employees are satisfied with the stress remedies at the work place.
50% of the employees are satisfied with the team-spirit at the work place.
Since it is an private limited company job security is not assured.
Maintenance of the machines are very regular that 30% of the employees are
highly satisfied with it.
Most of the employees are satisfied with the cleanliness at the work place.
44% of the employees are satisfied with the health measures provided at work
place.
46% of the employees are satisfied with the safety measures provided at work
place.
Employees feel restroom facility is not upto their satisfaction level.
Most of the employees are highly dissatisfied with the spittoons facility.
50% of the employees are satisfied with the appreciation for their special
performance by their superiors.
The employees feel that the superiors attitude towards their work is not
satisfactory.
50% of the employees are satisfied with the way grievances are settled.
SUGGESTIONS :
The organization should collect the feedback from employees at least
once in a year.
Restroom and spittoons facilty must be improved at the workplace.
Ventilation facilities have to improve at the production area.
CONCLUSION :
By this, I conclude the project by revealing the observation and
the findings made diuring the project work helped me a lot in understanding the working
environment conditions including health, safety and other welfare facilities available at
Kaleesuwari Private Limited.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Name of the book
Human Resources
Management
Research Methodology
Websites :
1) www.wikipedia.com
2) glossary.econguru.com
(c) Neutral
(c) Neutral
14) Are you satisfied with the present position in your organisation?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
15) Whether the company clearly communicates its goals and strategies to you?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
16) How satisfied are you with your team-spirit in your work environment?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
17) How satisfied are you with your overall job security?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
18) How do you evaluate the overall satisfaction with your job?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
19) Are you satisfied with the regular maintenance of the machines?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
20) Are you satisfied with the cleanliness at your work place?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
21) Are you satisfied with the health measures provided in your work place?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
22) Are you satisfied with the safety measures provided at your work place?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
23) Are you satisfied with the restroom facility at your working place?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
24) Are you satisfied with the availability of spittoons?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
(c) Neutral
25) Are you satisfied with the appreciation for your special performance?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
26) Are you satisfied with the interest shown by your superiors towards your work?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
27) Are you satisfied with the manner in which grievances are settled?
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neutral
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
28) Any suggestions?