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Let V ' R be a linear space: we avoid the symbol Rn since the latter implicitly
implies some coordinates.
Definition. An exterior k-form on V is a map
: V V R,
| {z }
(v1 , . . . , vk ) 7 (v1 , . . . , vk ),
k times
which is:
linear in each argument, and
antisymmetric: if Sk is a permutation on k symbols, and || = 1 its
parity, then
(v(1) , . . . , v(k) ) = (1)|| (v1 , . . . , vk ).
The space of all k-forms on V is denoted by k (V ): it is a linear space over R.
1
v11 . . . vk1
.
..
..
(v1 , . . . , vk ) = det ..
.
.
v1k . . . vkk
is a k-form. We denote it by detx , x explicitly indicating the coordinate system.
Problem 1. Prove that for any u, v R3 the two formulas,
2 = det(u, , ),
1 = det(u, v, )
a11
.
det ..
a1k
...
..
.
...
ak1
..
. 6= 0.
akk
V V W W
A y
y
R
Problem 12.
If
A
V W Z
is a chain of maps, then (AB) = B A .
Exterior multiplication = wedge product. If 1 , . . . , k are k 1-forms on
V , then the tensor product s = k k can be defined on V V :
s(v1 , . . . , vk ) = 1 (v1 ) k (vk ).
Problem 13.
Problem 14.
a e(1) e(k) .
: ordered
The volume form det 3 (E3 ) is also well defined in this case (how?)
Problem 15.
Problem 16.
u v = uv ,
Problem 17.
u v = hu, vi det .
References
[A] Arnold V. I., Mathematical methods of Classical mechanics, 2nd ed. (Graduate Texts in
Mathematics, vol. 60 ), SpringerVerlag, New-York, 1989, wislib code 531.01515 ARN. (in
English)
/black/users2/yakov/pub, filename 7.ppt
E-mail address: yakov@wisdom.weizmann.ac.il, mtwiener@weizmann.weizmann.ac.il
1 An