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Sustainable Constructions
under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic Events
520121-1-2011-1-CZ-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Lecture outline
8.1 Time-history response of linear SDOF systems.
8.2 Elastic response spectra.
8.3 Time-history response of inelastic SDOF systems.
Seismic action
Ground acceleration: accelerogram
mu cu ku mug
Seismic action
North-south component of the El Centro, California
record during Imperial Valley earthquake from 18.05.1940
u 2n u n2 u ug
Numerical methods
central difference method
Newmark method
...
u u t , Tn ,
Seismic response
u0 Tn , max u t , Tn ,
t
u0 Tn , max u t , Tn ,
t
u0t Tn , max ut t , Tn ,
t
units of velocity
V n D
D
Tn
different from peak velocity
ES 0
Strain energy
k V n
ku
kD
mV 2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Spectral pseudo-acceleration:
2
A u D
D
Tn
|u(t)| = S (T)
|u(t)| = S (T)
2
n 0
2
n 0
f S 0 ku0 m u mA
units of acceleration
different from peak acceleration
2
n
de
max
m
k
de
max
F
=k S de(T)
=mS ae(T)
m
k
ag(t)
9
2
V n D
D
Tn
2
A D
D
Tn
2
n
10
A
V n D or
n
Tn
2 A V
Tn
2
A V
D
2
Tn
lg Tn lg A lg 2 lg V
11
12
13
14
ug 0
For Tn>Tf
g 0
Between Ta and Tc A > u
Between Tb and Tc A can be considered constant
Between Td and Tf D > u g 0
Between Td and Te D can be considered constant
Between Tc and Td V > u g 0
Between Tc and Td V can be considered constant
15
Effect of damping:
insignificant for Tn 0 and Tn ,
important for Tb<Tn<Td
16
17
18
19
20
PSA
20
PSA
20
PSV
PSA
20
PSV
PSA
20
SD
PSV
PSA
20
SD
PSV
PSA
20
c
b
d
a
u
u
um
21
Elasto-plastic idealization:
equal area under the actual
and idealised curves up to
the maximum displacement um
22
Inelastic response:
yield force reduction factor Ry
f 0 u0
Ry
f y uy
ductility factor
um
uy
23
Equation of motion
Equation of motion: mu cu f S u , u mug
/m u 2n u n2u y fS u, u ug
fS u, u f S u, u f y
24
Elastic system:
vibr. about the
initial position
of equilibrium
up=0
Inelastic syst.:
vibr. about a
new position of
equilibrium
up0
25
Elastic inelastic
Design of a structure responding in the elastic range:
f0 fRd
Design of a structure responding in the inelastic range:
um uRd Rd
ductility demand
ductility capacity
26
um/u0 ratio
El Centro
ground motion
= 5%
Ry = 1, 2, 4, 8
Tn>Tf
um independent
of Ry
um u0
Tn>Tc
um depends on Ry
um u0
Tn<Tc
um depends on Ry
um > u0
27
Ry - relationship: idealisation
Tn in the displacement- and velocity-sensitive region:
"equal displacement" rule um/u0=1 Ry=
uy
u =um
Ry 2 1
uy
um
Tn Ta
Tb Tn Tc '
Tn Tc
u
28
Ry - relationship: idealisation
Tn Ta
1
Ry 2 1 Tb Tn Tc '
Tn Tc
29
30
aurel.stratan@upt.ro
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos