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DEFINITION OF CLINICAL WASTE

Clinical waste is any waste which consists wholly or partly of:


Human or animal tissue
Blood or other body fluids
Excretions (saliva, sweat)
Drugs or other pharmaceutical products
Swabs or dressings
Syringes, needles or other sharp instruments

DEFINITION BY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION


(WHO)
Substances which unless rendered safe may prove hazardous to any
person coming in contact with it and any other waste arising from
medical, nursing, dental, veterinary, pharmaceutical or similar
practice, investigation, treatment, care, teaching or research, or the
other collection of blood for transfusion, which may cause infection
to any person coming into contact with it

TYPES OF CLINICAL WASTE


1) TYPE A
Wastes that comes from human body such as blood, pus, swab,
biopsy and human organ
2) TYPE B
Sharp instrument such as syringes, needles, glass, scalpel
blades, etc

3) TYPE C
Residual that comes from laboratory such as from haematology,
microbiology and forensic practice
4) TYPE D
Pharmaceutical waste such as medicines, vaccines and others

TYPE A

TYPE B

TYPE C

TYPE D

CLINICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AT COMMUNITY


CLINIC, HEALTH CLINIC, AND DISTRICT HOSPITAL
1

All the clinical waste are separated from general waste into
yellow bin and sharp bin

Clinical waste from community and health clinic will be collected


at the district hospital

Clinical waste will be collected according to the schedule. Plastic


bags will be sealed by one way seal

Collector will fill the clinical waste record sheet and paste it on
the surface of plastic bag, and then put into wheeled bin

Clinical waste then being weighed at Clinical Storage Facility,


watched by hospital representative, then consignment note filled

Then clinical waste will be transported to the inceneration sites


according to the schedule

Collection
Weight and store
Consignment notes
Transportation
Incineration

At the fixed time and


frequency.
Plastic bags are tied properly
Sign the clinical waste
record sheet
Paste it on the collected
plastic bags
Put the bags in the wheeled
garbage bin.

Collection
Weight and store
Consignment notes
Transportation
Incineration

Clinical wastes are weigh in


clinical waste storage facility
Supervised by appointed
hospital personnel
Consignment note is filled

Collection
Weight and store
Consignment notes
Transportation
Incineration

Copy 1 : Waste Generator


Copy 2 : Contractor
Copy 3 : Jabatan Alam Sekitar
Copy 4 : Transporter
Copy 5 : Waste producer
Copy 6 : Jabatan Alam Sekitar
Copy 7 : Incinerator Plant

Collection
Weight and store
Consignment notes
Transportation
Incineration

According to planned
schedule
Special transportation
Special route

Collection
Weight and store
Consignment notes
Transportation
Incineration

INCINERATOR

Temperature:
20000C

Companies involved:
Central & northern regions

Radicare Sdn Bhd


Southern regions

Pantai Medivest Sdn Bhd

THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER HANDLING &


MANAGEMENT OF CLINICAL WASTE
To avoid injury needle prick injury
To avoid pollution of the environment water and soil
To avoid spreading of infection to the community HIV and
Hepatitis B

COMMON HEALTH HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH


CLINICAL WASTE
1) To the community occurs in 3 ways
Accidental exposure from contact with waste at municipal
disposal bins
Exposure to chemical or biological contaminants in water
Exposure to chemical pollutants (eg: mercury) from incineration
of the waste

Poisoning,
injuries & burns
Discharged into sewage
system contaminate
ground water
Chemicals leakage ++ residues
(drugs, antibiotics, heavy metals,
disinfectant, antiseptic)

2) To the workers
Healthcare workers needle prick injury by sharp objects such as
contaminated needle
Risk of transmission of HIV/ AIDS as well as Hepatitis B and C

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
1)

Environmental Quality Act 1974

Empowered the Department of Environment (DOE)


to control and prevent pollution
to protect and enhance the quality of the environment.

PART IVA CONTROL OF SCHEDULED WASTES (Section 34B)


Prohibition against placing, deposit, etc of scheduled wastes.

Person should not:


Place, deposit or dispose of, or cause or permit to place except at
prescribed premises only, any scheduled wastes on land or into
Malaysia.
Receive or send or cause or permit to be received or sent any
scheduled wastes in or out Malaysia.
Transit or cause or permit the transit scheduled wastes without
any prior written approval by Director General.

Any person who are guilty under this section should be


liable to fine not exceeding RM500,000 or to imprisonment
for a period not exceeding 5 years or both

2) Environmental Quality (Schedule Waste) Regulation 1989


A set of regulations dealing with hazardous waste management
which regulate the storage, transport, treatment and disposal of
hazardous wastes was enforced since May 1989:
Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005 (to
replaced the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)
Regulations 1989)
Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled Wastes
Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Regulations, 1989
Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled Wastes
Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Order, 1989

The regulations among other things specify the following


requirements:
Scheduled wastes shall as far as practicable, before disposal, be
rendered innocuous.
Generation of scheduled wastes shall be reduced using the best
practicable means.
Scheduled wastes may be stored, recovered and treated within
the premises of a waste generator.
Use of durable waste containers with clear labels. Storage of
wastes shall be proper and adequate.

Waste generators to notify the DOE of any scheduled wastes


generated and keep up -to-date inventory of scheduled waste
generated, treated and disposed of.
Incineration, disposal, off site storage and off-site treatment shall
only be carried out at prescribed premises licensed by the DOE.
Waste generators shall conform to the requirements of the
consignment note system when transporting wastes to ensure it
reaches the approved destination and are carried out by licensed
transporter.
Waste generators shall provide information to a transporter
regarding the nature of the wastes transported and action to be
taken in case of accidents

HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES


Campaign once a month on each group of waste and the waste to
manage it.
Enhancing the knowledge of all key players involved in clinical
waste management, dissemination of technical and scientific
information by doing talk and practical.
Spot check to make sure clinical waste are handle safely.
Effective confinement and safe handling.

Store waste in a designated area and must away from drains and
watercourses as possible.
Label storage areas according to the different types of wastes

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