Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
ISSUE
DOCTRINE
People vs Moton
(PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS)
Not liable
*When a new law repeals the
existing law so that the act that was
penalized under the old law is no
longer punishable, the crime is
obliterated
*Retroact only when favorable to
the accused, otherwise is stated in
this case
Manzanaris vs People
(ARTICLE 3)
Not liable
*Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit
rea
*good intent, as per admin
reconstitution
Relucio vs CSC
(ARTICLE 3)
US vs Ah Chong
(ARTICLE 3)
Not liable
*ignorance or mistake of fact (not
mistake of person, blow or commit
so grave a wrong)
US vs Bautista
(ARTICLE 3)
Not liable
*resisted arrest as he did not know
that such persons arresting him are
vested with authority
*upon knowledge that they are of
authority, he immediately submitted
himself
People vs Bayambao
(ARTICLE 3)
People vs Apego
(ARTICLE 3)
Cuenca vs People
(ARTICLE 3)
Not liable
*good faith
*not expected to ask for license
from his boss
People vs Landicho
(ARTICLE 3)
Not liable
*just doing a good deed
*animus posendi shall be relaxed
People vs Mallari
(ARTICLE 3)
Not liable
*applied for a license, but there is
unreasonable delay to the
application of such
*cannot suffer the consequences of
said delay
People vs Cagoco
(ARTICLE 4)
WON liable
Liable
*The fist blow on the back part of
the head that caused the victim to
fall and hit his head on the
pavement
*liable for the consequences of the
acts
People vs Dalag
(ARTICLE 4)
WON liable
Liable
*Relentless breathing that caused
Liable
*liable for natural result of act.. THO
UNEXPECTED
People vs Martin
(ARTICLE 4)
Liable still
*strangulation exelerated the death
People vs Piamonte
(ARTICLE 4)
Liable still
*proximate cause is the stab wound
that he inflicted
*immediate cause is mucuous colitis
arising from weak condition
*liable for natural result!
People vs Itlanas
(ARTICLE 4)
Liable
*Art 4
People vs Opero
(ARTICLE 4)
People vs Sitchon
(ARTICLE 4)
Liable
*he who is the cause of the evil
cause is the cause of the evil
caused
*liable for the supervening death as
a consequence thereof
US vs Rodriguez
(ARTICLE 4)
Liable
*produce inflammation of the spleen
and peritonitis
*death was hastened
People vs Quianzon
(ARTICLE 4)
Liable
*restlessness and nervouseness
People vs Reloj
(ARTICLE 4)
WON liable
Liable
*even due to the paralysis of
ileum contracted when the internal
organs of the victim were exposed
during the surgical operation in the
abdomen caused by the wound
inflicted by the accused
*neglect, unskillfull and improper
treatment (oks-non mortal/ not oksmortal)
US vs Marasigan
(ARTICLE 4)
***doctrine
VICTIM NOT OBLIGED TO SUBMIT TO
A SURGICAL OPERATION in order to
relieve, minimize or completely
absolve from natural and ordinary
consequences of felonious act.
People vs Ancasan
(ARTICLE 4)
Liable
*such disease is associated with the
wound inflicted, then liable for
death
Won liable
Not liable
*Efficient intervening cause
*tetanus effect
People vs Reyes
****
(ARTICLE 4)
People vs Moldes
(ARTICLE 4)
****
Liable if 1) there is mortal wound +
2) erroneous and unskillful medical
or surgical treatment
Intod vs People
(ARTICLE 4)
Won liable
Liable
*impossible crime
*tho there be a factual impossible
due to the nature of the act
Jacinto vs People
(ARTICLE 4)
Won liable
Liable
*Cheque due to the extraneous
circumstances of the check being
unfunded, a fact unknown to Jacinto
*impossible crime
People vs Gutierrez
(ARTICLE 5)
No
*take into consideration the
circumstances
People vs Orifon
(ARTICLE 5)
No
*raped by his father
People vs Canja
(ARTICLE 5)
Won liable
Liable
Appellant must be declared to have
feloniously extinguished the life of
her husband. He may have been
unworthy. He may have been a
rascal and a bully; but that is no
Valenzuela vs People
(ARTICLE 6)
Yes
(1) that there be taking of personal
property; (2) that said property
belongs to another; (3) that the
taking be done with intent to gain;
(4) that the taking be done without
the consent of the owner; and (5)
that the taking be accomplished
without the use of violence against
or intimidation of persons or force
upon things.
Theft is produced when there is
DEPRIVATION of personal property
by one with INTENT TO GAIN. Thus,
it is immaterial that the offender is
able or unable to freely dispose the
property stolen since he has already
committed all the acts of execution
and the deprivation from the owner
has already ensued from such acts.
Therefore, theft cannot have a
frustrated stage, and can only be
attempted or consummated.
People vs Salvilla
(ARTICLE 6)
April 12, 1986, at about noon time
Paddayuman vs People
(ARTICLE 6)
If the wound is inflicted with INTENT
TO KILL BUT NOT MORTAL,
attempted
Serrano vs People
(ARTICLE 6)
1) WOUNDS; 2) NO MEDICAL
TESTIMONY OF THE GRAVITY
OF SUCH WOUNDS
= ATTEMPTED
People vs Kalalo
(ARTICLE 6)
US vs Eduave
(ARTICLE 6)
People vs Erina
(ARTICLE 8)
Julian Eria charged of raping 3 yrs
& 11 mo. old child. Doubt on
whether actual penetration
occurred. Physical exam showed
slight inflammation of exterior parts
of organ indicating effort to enter
vagina. Mom found childs organ
covered with sticky substance
People vs Ruiz
(ARTICLE 8)
Yes.
Circumstances shown the intent
1) boarding together
2) proceed to Talisay where Vito was
3) alighting vehicle upon arrival at
Talisay; respective positions
4) firing simultaneously
5) get away together
6) bringing of the co-accused to the
hospital
7) pattern of feigning total
ignorance re incident
People vs Medios
(ARTICLE 8)
People vs Abut
Yes.
(ARTICLE 8)
Altho Richie alone pursued the
victime from situs crinimis, he was
nevertheless found guilty as a
principal, since conspiracy was
established.
YES.
His presence not only gave moral
support to the two other accused,
but likewise reinforced the
aggression by serving as a
deterrent so that the people
nearby would not even think of
helping the victim.
Accused-appellants contention that
he merely fired a warning shot
towards the crowd in order to
protect himself is hardly believable
because if it were true that he
merely wanted to protect himself,
then he could have simply moved
away from where the victim was.
However, instead of doing so, he
remained where he was and
succeeded in driving back the
people who attempted to aid the
Yes.
Implied Conspiracy ito.
(ARTICLE 8)
People vs Portugueza
People vs Caayao
No.
No.
(ARTICLE 8)
People vs Varroga
(ARTICLE 8)
People vs Agda
(ARTICLE 8)
(ARTICLE 8)
Maximo's participation in the killing
was his presence at the locus
criminis and his shouting of patayin
patayin iren amen
People vs Rafael
ACCOMPLICE.
-no direct participation
-not an indispensable act
People vs Agripa
Wife tried to kill Jose as he was not able to bring home money (or his salary)
ART 11, PAR 1 SELF-DEFENSE
Defense of one's life of person
-For survival -Take a life of another in exchange of another
People vs Luague
Paulino came to the house of the Luague's to rape Natividad
Natividad used the knife Paulino left on the floor
ART 11, PAR 1 SELF-DEFENSE
Defense of honor
-Because virginity or chastity, once defiled, cannot be restored
People vs Tilos
Bro fishermen have in possession fishing net, but not yet fully paid, chief of police received info from municipal
president to seize the fishing net and deposit it to the mun bldg
Brothers protected the said nets
ART 11, PAR 1 SELF-DEFENSE
Defense of Property
-Police has no judicial authority to determine the issue
Cano vs People
-Conrado and Orlando (+) -Rush ID in Manila -Conrado photocopied license of Orlando and used such
-Orlando got mad and went to Conrado to kill the latter -Conrado was able to defend himself, however Orlando
died as per Conrado's retaliation
ART 11, PAR 1 SELF-DEFENSE
Actual and real danger to life and limb
-Conrado did not take advantage of the situation -Does not have to think cooly of the situation or wait after
each blow to determine the effects thereof
-Act of having a deadly weapon with him = intent to assault
Masipequina vs CA
A person who voluntarily joins a fight cannot claim self-defense because there is no unlawful
aggression
-exposed himself to consequences -everything, then, became an incident of the fight
US vs Sta. Ana
-Antonio Santos caught by Arm Dorotea Ramos and tried to take advantage of the later.
-Thus, Ramos retaliated with the bolo -Ramos charged with lesiones menos graves
ART 11, PAR 1 SELF-DEFENSE
Defense of one's honor
-married woman -once a woman certainly takes his life and liberty in his own hands,losing the latter, his loss
thereby is no greater than he deserves
US vs Merced
-Pantaeleon Arabe caught wife Apolinia Patron with Catalino Merced in adultery
-Catalino retaliated upon the attack of Pantaleon at the expense of the latter's life
ART 11, PAR 1 SELF-DEFENSE
Paramour caught in adultery with wife cannot invoke self-defense. Deceased husband had the right
to defend his honor
-Article 432 of RPC -lawful right
People vs Mangantilao
-Florencio came home and saw that his wife and his children are being attacked so thereby he retaliated to the
point of killing the unknown assailant
ART 11, PAR 1 SELF-DEFENSE
Defense of one's home, wife and children
US vs Salazar
-Defendant was cleaning fish on board -Deceased pursued him and attacked with knife
ART 11, PAR 1 SELF-DEFENSE
Absence of provocation may entitle a claim to self- defense
-had a reason to believer that he was placed in alternative of killing or being killed
People vs Nemeria
-Ricardo Nemeria caught up with the group of Henry Montelibano -Certain Alberto Cadayuna shouted that the
group and began to advance
US vs Paz
ART 11, PAR 2 DEFENSE OF HUSBAND
-Perversity and malicious intent to do injury of the aggressor, and not of the parties attacked
US vs Esmedia -Santiago and Gregorio was fighting -Sons of Gregorio arrived -These sons immediately rescued
their father and killed Santiago -However, the father of Santiago, who was just standing, was also killed
ART 11, PAR 2 DEFENSE OF FATER AND RIGHT TO ACT ON MERE APPEARANCE
-Liable for the death of the 80 year old father, as they were not in danger of bodily harm from the old man
People vs Cabungcal -Rocking of boat
ART 11, PAR 2 DEFENSE OF WIFE AND SON
Eslabon vs People
ART 11, PAR 2 DEFENSE OF FIRST COUSIN
-Cousin already suffered substantial wounds -who feared for the life of Francisco
People vs Punzalan
-the nagwawalang pulis sa bar
ART 11, PAR 3 DEFENSE OF A STANGER
Not to be induced by revenge, resentment or other evil motive
-Police man who was wearing plain clothes (skilled) -Nothing was done by the victims to invite the ire of the
policeman
-No revenge, resentment or other evil motive
US vs Subingsubing
-Old man being assaulted by a young man
ART 11, PAR 3 DEFENSE OF A STANGER
People vs Valdez
ART 11, PAR 3
Had to deal with a
-His own wife and his (friend's) wife
DEFENSE OF A STANGER
desperate or possibly insan person who had to be rendered harmless
People vs Ayaya
ART 11, PAR 4 STATE OF NECESSITY
Thrusting an umbrella, wc hit the husband's eyes, to prevent her son's head from being crushed by
the door
People vs Oanis
ART 11, PAR 5 FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXERCISE OF A RIGHT OR OFFICE
NO NEGLIGENCE DAPAT
-ascertain first identity by inquiring before firing (regardless of the person's criminality haha?)
Frias vs People -neighbors for help -As police, Gervacio brought with him his gun -Saw Bartolome, also armed
with a gun, left the place of Manuel
-Refused to surrender, so fire a shot
ART 11, PAR 5 FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXERCISE OF A RIGHT OR OFFICE
-necessary consequences of duty -2 warning shots -not required that police be exposed to peril
Masipequina vs CA
-Leopoldo Potane showed sign of violent insanity -Father and brother requested Norberto M. and Jovencio
Alampayan to apprehend Leopoldo -Leopoldo rushed to them with a bolo
-Patrolmen defended themselves in the expense of Leopoldo's life
ART 11, PAR 5 FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXERCISE OF A RIGHT OR OFFICE
-ordered by their substation commander to apprehend Leopoldo
People vs Delima
ART 11, PAR 5 FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXERCISE OF A RIGHT OR OFFICE
-even extreme means, in the right to bring back the escapee
Valcorza vs People
ART 11, PAR 5 FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXERCISE OF A RIGHT OR OFFICE
-escapee too -demoralizing police officer -great detriment to public interest
People vs Lagata
ART 11, PAR 5 FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXERCISE OF A RIGHT OR OFFICE
Absolute necessity can authorize a prison guard to fire against escapees
ARTICLE 13
MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES
*PRESUPPOSES EXISTENCE OF BOTH CRIMES AND CRIMINAL
*as distinguished from EXEMPTING: recognizes felonious act but no criminal offender (as no voluntariness)
*privilege exempting- DEGREE; No offset
*ordinary- PERIOD; Can be offset
1. Those mentioned in the preceding chapter, when all the requisites necessary to justify the act or to exempt from criminal liability in
the respective cases are not attendant.
De Luna vs CA
-Unlawful aggression is an indispensible requisite to claim incomplete self-defense
People vs Buenafe
-Unlawful aggression + (requirement 2 or requirement 3) = incomplete self-defense
-Subordinate
People vs Pasca (incomplete self-defense)
-Genaros terrible force was not reasonable necessity for the means employed by the accused to prevent or repel the unlawful
aggression
People vs Lucero (incomplete self-defense)
-Ciriaco threw a stone at Epifanio, causing the latter to swerve as to prevent being hit by the coming vehicle. The said
swerving caused Epifanio to be thrown to the ground
-Of course, Epifanio was infuriated and thus, struck Ciriaco with a bolo
-Not reasonable ulit (tho there was unlawful aggression + lack of sufficient provocation)
People vs Toring (incomplete defense of a relative)
-motivated by RRO
Pepito vs CA
-Ceasing of Unlawful Aggression = no incomplete defense of relative
-No justification for attacking the victim, as the latter stopped about 8 meters from door of Pepito and turned towards his
mother-in-laws house before Sinonor went after him
People vs Gonzales
-CURSING & SHOUTING NOT CONSTITUTED UNLAWFUL AGGRESSION
People vs Jaurigue (incomplete defense of honor)
-Chapel, stabbed with a fan knife as the man put his hand on the legs of the accused
-Means employed WERE EVIDENTLY EXCESSIVE
2. A child above fifteen but below eighteen (18) years of age at the time of the commission of the offense who acted with
discernment, in which case he shall be subjected to appropriate diversion programs under Sec 23 to 31 of this Act.
DIMUNITION OF INTELLIGENCE
Privileged Mitigating ONE DEGREE
No discernment
Diversion measures
o CONDITIONS OF DIVERSION PROGRAM
A) Not more than 6 years imprisonment
Who: LEO, Punong Barangay (with assistance of local social welfare and devt officer or other LCPC
member)
What to do: conduct Mediation, Family Conferencing and Conciliation, (where appropriate) Adopt
indigenous modes of conflict resoln in accord with best INTEREST of the child with a view to
accomplishing the objectives of RESTORATIVE JUSTICE and formulation of a diversion program
CHILD & HIS/HER FAMILY SHALL BE PRESENT
B) VICTIMLESS CRIMES, not more than years imprisonment
Local social welfare & devt officer shall meet with CHILD &/ PARENTS/GUARDIANS FOR the
development of the appropriate DIVERSION OR REHAB PROGRAM (in coordination with BCPC)
C) EXCEEDS 6 years
Only by court resolution
o WHERE MAY BE CONDUCTED
Katarungang Pambarangay
ALL STAGES: police investigation, inquest, PI, at all levels & phases of proceeding including JUDICIAL
LEVEL
o CONFERENCE, MEDIATION, CONCILIATION
Contract of diversion may be entered during this stage
o CONTRACT OF DIVERSION
Voluntary admits the commission of act
However, such admission shall not be used against the children in judicial, quasi-judicial or administrative
Effective upon approval
o DUTIES OF CHILD UNDER DIVERSION CONTRACT
o DUTY OF PUNONG BRGY WHEN NO DIVERSION
o DUTY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER
o NOT BE SUBJECTED TO DIVERSION MEASURES
o PUBLIC PROSEC = CONDUCT PI
Over 70 years bawal na mahatulan ng reclusion perpetua