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INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
Brick making in India is as old as the Indus Valley Civilization
Many historical monuments: Nalanda, Sarnath, Qutub Minar, etc
show the use of bricks
India is the second largest producer of bricks in the world after China with
an 10-11% share in the market
There are 1,45,000 registered/unregistered brick kilns in India
Annual production rate= ~240 billion bricks /year
Annual Consumption rate=~170 billion bricks/year
Projected rate by 2030=500 billion bricks
Growth rate=5-10% annually
PRODUCTION PROCESS
Material Procurement: Clay is mined from open pits and stored in the
open. Open storage helps to make the clay soft and removes unwanted
oxides. In India primarily surface soil is used for brick production.
Preparation & Tempering: To rid of clay lumps and stones the raw
material is reduced in size by either passing through size reduction
machines or manually. This clay is then mixed with water to get the right
consistency (either manually or by animal driven pug mills) for moulding.
Moulding: The tempered clay is mostly rolled in sand (to prevent the clay
from sticking to the mould) and slapped into wood or metal moulds.
Drying: The moulds are emptied into the drying area (in open or
under drying sheds) where the bricks are arranged in a herring bone
pattern. They are turned over every two days to ensure uniform
drying and prevent warping. Drying period continues for two weeks
after which the bricks are ready to be burnt.
Firing: The green bricks are arranged in a kiln and insulation is
provided with a mudpack. Fire holes left to ignite the kiln are later
sealed to keep the heat inside. This is maintained for a week. Firing
like other operations also depends on the knowledge and
experience of the brick maker.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Air pollution
Air pollution
THANK YOU
REFERENCES:
Indian Brick Sector: http://www.ecobrick.in/indian_Brick_Sector.aspx
Final Report, Evaluating Energy Conservation Potential of Brick Production in India: A
Report Prepared for the SAARC Energy Centre, Islamabad by Sameer Maithel (March
2013))
Energy Efficient Improvement in Indian Brick Industry:
http://pscst.gov.in/pscstHTML/brick.html
Brick Making in India: http://www.ecobrick.in/brickmakinginindia.aspx
Manufacturing of Brick: www.gobrick.com
http://www.cd3wd.com/cd3wd_40/GATE_DL/BUILDING/BK/EN/BK.HTM
Journal of Environmental Research And Development January-March 2008
An article "An Overview of the American Brick Industry" on www.gobrick.com
An article "UK building sector revives - brick by brick" on www.ft.comA report named
"brickclaySummaryReport" by british geological survey(www.bgs.ac.uk)"India brick
industry: Calls to improve working conditions" BBC report 2014An article "Brick
industry and social improvements" www.poverty.chENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
AT WIENERBERGER and SUSTAINABILITY - at the heart of practices on
www.wienerberger.co.uk Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation and Climate Works
Foundation (2012). Monitoring of brick kilns & strategies for cleaner brick production in
India. Brick kilns performance assessment.