Thanband Shelipalan

R>mU~X eoirnmbZ
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S>m. dgV ZmamÙ OhmJraXma
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am` gmYZ H|$, nwUo
gmZo JwOr _maH$, Eg. E_. Omoer H$bm-H$sS>m gH$w b,

qghJS> amoS>, nwUo 411 030
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R>mU~X eoirnmbZ
W_ Amdmr _mM 2006
gnmXZ/H$meZ am` gmYZ H|$, nwUo

am` gmYZ H|$, nwUo
gmZo JwOr _maH$, Eg. E_. Omoer H$bm-H$sS>m gH$w b,
qghJS> amoS>, nwUo 411 030
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AmVrb {Mo d _wIn> lrYa nmQ>rb
gOmdQ> d _mS>Ur lrYa nmQ>rb, ZXZ Iio
_wH$ ApdZr Jm{\$g, Ymàr, nwUo 411 041
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VmdZm
eoirnmbZ hm eoVrg nyaH$ Agm OmoS>YX m Amho. eoir hr
J[a~mMr Jm` g_Obr OmVo. {VMr XoI^mb ~m`H$m_wbho r H$$
eH$VmV. `mdgm{`H$ {>H$moUmVyZ eoirnmbZ hm H$_r ^mS>dbmV
gw$ H$aVm òUmam `dgm` Amho. Am{WH$ Q>m H$_Hw$dV `VtZm
eoirnmbZmnmgyZ dàmoOJma {_iy eH$Vmo.
_m eoirnmbZmH$S>o nmh`mMm {>H$moU ~XbUo Amd`H$
Amho. eoirnmbZmMo `mo` {ejU KoD$Z eo`mMr `mo` nXmg H$aUo
_hdmMo Amho.
VwV nwpVHo$V R>mU~X eoirnmbZm{df`r _m{hVr {Xbobr
Amho. gm_m` eoirnmbZmV òUm`m AS>MUtMm mV {dMma Ho$bm
Amho.
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`moVr Jm`H$dmS>
gMmbH$,
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eoirnmbZmMo \$m`Xo
eoir hm Jar~ mUr Amho. {Vbm J[a~mMr Jm` Ago
g~moYbo OmVo. H$maU eoirnmbZ `dgm`mgmR>r ^mS>db H$_r
bmJVo. Va \$m`Xm A{YH$ AgVmo. BVa nmird OZmdam`m
VwbZoV eoirnmbZmMo doJionU Am{U \$m`Xo Ago AmhoV
eoir Jar~, H$mQ>H$ Am{U dN>Vm AmdS>Umar Amho.
eoirbm OmJm H$_r bmJVo.
eoirnmbZmgmR>r ^mS>dbr IM H$_r AgVmo.
eoir EH$ dfm`m AmV d`mV òVo Am{U \$iVo. XmoZ
doVmVrb AVa H$_r, hUOo 7-8 _{hZo AgVo. eoir
H$moU`mhr _mog_mV \$iVo.
EH$mM doVmV XmoZ AWdm A{YH$ H$aS>o {_iy eH$VmV.
AS>MUr`m doimV H$aS>o {dHy$Z ngm C^m H$aVm òVmo.
H$aS>o
{dH$`mgmR>r dfâ ~mOmamV _mJUr AgVo.
\$m`Xoera qH$_V {_iVo. XyY, AS>r `m`m ^mdmV MT>CVma AgVmo. naVw _Q>UmMm ^md dfâ {Q>H$y Z AgVmo.
gw_mao 20 eo`mMm H$in Agob Va `m`m b|S>m
dmn$Z Jmo~a Jg g` Mmb{dVm òV.o `mVyZ {VKm`m
Hw$Qw>~ mbm nwab
o EdT>m Jg {_iy eH$Vmo.
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gwYm[aV eoirnmbZ
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Amn`mH$S>o eoirnmbZ OmVH$$Z Jar~ eoVH$ar,
eoV_Oya H$aVmV. `mMr eoirnmbZmMr nV nanaoZg
w ma MmbV
Ambobr Amho. H$mhrhr IM Z H$aVm hm `dgm` MmbVmo. Or
H$_mB {_iob Vmo Z\$mM AgVmo. naVw AmVm MamD$ amZ H$_r hmoV
Mmb`mZo `m nVrZo eoirnmbZ H$aUo AdKS> hmoUma Amho.
Aem n[apWVrV `m `dgm`mbm emr` AmYma XoD$Z
gwYm[aV _mJmZo Mmbdmdm bmJob. `m_wio n`mdaU amI`mg
_XV hmoBb
. VgoM eo`mZm gH$g Mmam _w~bH$ {_iy eHo$b.
eoirnmbZmMm YXm A{YH$ {H$\$m`Vera hmoBb
. hr Zdr arV
hUOo "~{XV eoirnmbZ' hmo`. `mV eo`mZm Ma`mgmR>r
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5
Z qhS>dVm ~{XV OmJoV R>do Zy `mZm JaOoZg

w ma nwag
o m gH$g
Mmam nwadVm òBb
.
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~{XV eoirnmbZ XmoZ nVrZo H$aVm òBb
. EH$ eoirbm
nyU doi eoirKamV ~{XV R>do Zy {VWoM Mmam-nm`mMr `dWm
H$aUo. `m_ò Amd`H$ Vohm gV{w bV Amhma eo`mZm
nwad`mMr O~m~Xmar eoirnmbH$mMr amhVo. Xwgar nV,
"AeV ~{XV eoirnmbZ'. `m_ò eo`mZm H$mhr Vmg
Ma`mgmR>r Zo`mV òV.o `mM~amo~a JmoR>mVhr Amhma nwadbm
OmVmo. bhmZ d _`_ AmH$mam`m H$inmgmR>r Xwgar nV
Cn`wV R>aVo.
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eo`mgmR>r {Zdmam
{Zdmam H$gm Agmdm
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Amn`mbm {H$Vr eo`m R>do m``m AmhoV ho R>adyZ

`mZwgma {Zdm`mMm AmH$ma R>a{dVm òBb
. {Zdm`mMo XmoZ ^mJ
AgVrb. EH$m ^mJmbm gmdbrgmR>r da N>na Agob. `mbm
OmoS>y ZM Xwgam ^mJ N>nam{edm` Agob. {Zdm`m_ò eo`mZm
_moH$io R>do mdo. `m {\$aV am{h`m_wio AmnmoAmn `m`m_ KS>b
o .
{Zdmam X{jUmoma Agmdm. hUOo H$modio D$Z eo`mZm {_iob.
eo`mZm nwT>rb_mUo OmJm AgUo JaOoMo Amho
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^mH$S> eoir
JmÛ eoir
XwYmVrb eoir
nXmerMm ~moH$S>
12 Mmag \y$Q>
16-20 Mmag
16-20 Mmag
20-25 Mmag
òH$s
\y$Q> òH$s
\y$Q> òH$s
\y$Q> òH$s
VgoM, H$aS>mg
mR>r Imbrb_mUo OmJm nwadmdr
3
4
6
9
_{hZo
Vo 6
Vo 9
_{hZo
d`mn`V
_{hZo d`
_{hZo d`
d`mZVa
4-6 Mmag \y$Q> òH$s

12 Mmag \y$Q> òH$s
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7
Mmam d nm`mMr gmo`

N>na Agbo`m ^mJmV Mmam Kmb`mgmR>r JhmU Am{U
{n`m`m nm`mgmR>r Q>mH$s AWdm ~mXbr Agmdr. JhmU Am{U
Q>mH$sV OZmdao nm` Q>mHy$Z KmU H$$ Zò `mgmR>r `m_ò `mMo
Ho$di VmoS > OmBb Aem H$mao n>m _mam`mV. H$inmVrb
eo`m`m gòZg
w ma JhmUrMr bm~r Agmdr (òH$s
gamgar EH$ \y$Q>).
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{Zdm`mMr {d^mJUr
H$inmVrb JmÛ eo`m, XwYmVrb eo`m, ^mH$S> eo`m,
H$aS>,o nXmerMo Za `mZm doJdoJio JQ>mV R>do mdo. òH$ JQ>m_ò
OmirMo nm{Q>e
Z Agmdo. H$aS>mZ mhr d`moJQ>mZwgma doJdoJio
R>do mdo. H$aS>mM
o WS>r, dmam, D$Z, nmD$g `mnmgyZ gajU
H$a`mgmR>r JmoR>mbm [aH$m_r nmoVr ~mYZy R>do mdrV.
MmJ`m {Zdm`mMo bjU hUOo _moH$ionUm, IoiVr hdm,
WS>r-dm`mnmgyZ ajU, dN>Vm, ~mYH$m_mV H$mQ>H$ga ho g_Omdo.
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8
eo`m`m OmVr
Amn`m XoemV eo`m`m drg OmVr AmhoV. `mnH $s
Amn`m ^mJmV Ho$di C_mZm~mXr hr _wI OmV AmT>iVo.
VWm{n, ~hVHo $ eo`m H$moU`mhr OmVr`m ZgyZ Wm{ZH$
AmhoV. eo`m`m nXmerda {ZÙ Zg`m_wio A{YH$ CnmXZ
XoUm`m eo`mMo H$in V`ma hmoD$ eH$bo ZmhrV. Ago H$in
V`ma hmdoV `mgmR>r Om{VdV eo`mMm dmna dmT>dmdm bmJUma
Amho. `mgmR>r eo`m`m Amn`mH$S>rb H$mhr _hdm`m
OmVtMr _m{hVr H$$Z KoD$`m.
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C_mZm~mXr
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9
hr OmV Amn`m am`mVrb Zm|Xbobr OmV Amho.

_amR>dmS>m `m OmVrMr _m`^y_r Amho. Ah_XZJa, nwU,o gmobmnya,
gmJbr `m {OmVhr hr OmV H$_r _mUmV AmT>iVo. eoirMm
aJ H$mim AgVmo. VWm{n, H$m`m-nmT>`m, Vn{H$ar, bmbga
aJmMo {_lU Agbo`m eo`mhr AgVmV.
hr OmV MdXma _mgmgmR>r Am{U Cm_ Vr`m
H$mVS>rgmR>r {g Amho.
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gJ_Zoar
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`m OmVr`m eo`m Ah_XZJa d nwUo {OmV AmT>iZy

òVmV. `mMm AmH$ma _`_ AgyZ H$m`m, nmT>`m, bmb,
^waH$Q> Aem {d{dY aJm`m AgVmV. eoirnmbH$mZr gwYm[aV
10
nXmg nV dmn$Z hr OmV V`ma Ho$br Agmdr. _Q>UmgmR>r hr

OmV Cn`wV Amho.
gwaVr
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`m OmVrMr _m`^y_r JwOamW_Yrb gwaVMm ^mJ Amho.

VoWZy hr OmV ImZXoe, Zm{eH$ ^mJmV ngabobr Amho. eo`m
^waH$Q> AWdm nmT>`m aJm`m AgVmV. CMrbm H$_r Am{U nm`
AmIyS> AgVmV. hr OmV _mg d XyY CnmXZ XmohtgmR>r
A{Ve` \$m`Xoera Amho. R>mU~X nVrZo, {deofV ehar
^mJmV, nmi`mV Cm_ {VgmX XoVmV.
`m{edm` O_Zmnmar, ~rQ>b, ~ma~oar, {gamohr AWdm AO_oar
`m Cma Xoe d amOWmZ am`mVrb Cm_ OmVr`m eo`m
A`n _mUmV Amn`mH$S>o AmUyZ nmbZnmofU Ho$bobo Amho.
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11
gmZoZ
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hr OmV OJmV EH$ Z~aMr XwYmi eoirMr OmV Amho. {hbm
"eo`mMr amUr' Ago g_Obo OmVo. `mMm aJ nmT>am qH$dm
^waH$Q> AgVmo. H$mZ bhmZ AgyZ Q>dH$mabobo AgVmV. Za Am{U
_mXr XmoKmZmhr XmT>r AgVo. eo`m gamgar XaamoO VrZ
brQ>anojm OmV XyY XoVmV. hr OmV _yiMr WS> XoemMr Amho.
hUyZ R>mU~X nVrZo gJmonZ Ho$`mg g_mYmZH$maH$ CnmXZ
{_iob. nwUo {OmVrb ZmamÙJmd òWo `m OmVrMo gJmonZ d
gH$arH$aU Jm_rU H$fr gWm AZoH$ df} H$arV Amho.
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12
~moAa
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`m OmVrMr _m`^y_r X{jU Am{\$H$s Xoe Amho. _Q>U
CnmXZmgmR>r OJmV AJWmZr Amho. eo`mMr _mZ Vn{H$ar
aJmMr d BVa ^mJ nmT>am AgVmo. XadoVmbm Owir H$aS>o Xo`mMr
j_Vm gdm{YH$ Amho. VgoM H$aS>mM
o dOZ IynM doJmZo dmT>V.o
hUyZ `m H$aS>mZ m gdm{YH$ qH$_V {_iVo. gmVmam {OmVrb
\$bQ>U òWo _hmam> eoir d _|T>r gemoYZ d {dH$mg gWm hr
OmV naXoemVyZ Am`mV H$$Z gJmonZ d gH$arH$aU èdrnUo
H$arV Amho.
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13
eo`mMr nXmg
nXmergmR>r OmVrMr {ZdS>
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Amn`mH$S>o eoirnmbZ `dgm` _Q>U CnmXZmgmR>rM

{H$\$m`Vera R>aVmo. hUyZ `mgmR>r MmJbr Agbobr OmVM
nXmergmR>r {ZdS>Uo \$m`mMo R>ab
o .
gwYm[aV nXmerMm nm`m

eoirMo CnmXZ {H$Vr Agob ho XmoZ Jmo>tda Adb~Zy AgVo.
AmZwd{ eH$ JwU
AmZwd{ eH$ hUOo AmB d dS>rb `m`mH$Sy>Z nwT>rb
{nT>rbm {_imbobo JwU. AmB-d{S>bmMo CnmXZ MmJbo Agob Va
`m`m H$aS>mM
o CnmXZhr MmJbo amhVo. hUyZ nXmg gw$
H$a`m`m AJmoXa Cm_ CnmXZj_Vm Agbo`m AmBd{S>bmMr gVVrM nXmergmR>r {ZdS>mdr.
AmVm eoirnmbZm_ò CnmXZj_Vo`m _hdm`m ~m~r
H$moU`m AmhoV Vo nmh`m.
Owir-{Vir H$aS>o Xo`mMr j_Vm
H$inmVrb òH$ eoir Xa doVmV H$_rVH$_r XmoZ H$aS>o XoBb
`mgmR>r `m`m AmBZo d d{S>bm`m AmBZo XmoZ H$aS>o {Xbr hmoVr

`mMr ImVaO_m H$amdr. Owir-{Vir H$aS>o XoUm`m eoirbmM
H$inmV R>do mdo.
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14
dOZdmT>rMm doJ
H$aS>o 20-25 {H$bmo dOZmMr Pmbr H$s `mZm {dH$`mg
MmJbm ^md {_iVmo. ho dOZ H$aS>mZ r H$_rVH$_r H$mbmdYrV
JmR>Uo _hdmMo Amho. `mgmR>r `mMo dOZ doJmZo dmT>mdo bmJVo.
dOZdmT>rMm hm JwU H$aS>mV `m`m AmB-d{S>bmH$Sy>Z CVaVmo.
dOZdmT>rMm doJ {ZpMV H$a`mgmR>r gd H$aS>mM
o
O_mnmgyZ EH$-XmoZ AmR>dS>m`m AVamZo dOZ `mdo.
KoVbo`m dOZmMr VmarIdma òH$ H$aS>mMr Zm|X R>do mdr.
H$aS>mM
r dOZo Xa doig
o R>am{dH$ {Xder, R>am{dH$ doig
o `mdr.
CXmhaUmW, Xa gmo_dmar gH$mir [aH$m`m nmoQ>r. hUOo
dOZdmT>rMm doJ _moOVmZm MwH$m hmoUma ZmhrV.
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dmVmdaU
dmVmdaUm_ò n[agamMr ^mJmo{bH$ pWVr (S>mJ| ami ^mJ,

gnmQ> ^mJ, g_w{H$Zmam, dJa)o , hdm_mZ, nmD$g_mZ, Amhma,
Amamo` amI`mMo Cnm`, gJmonZmMr nmVir, dJaM
| m g_mdoe
hmoVmo. `m gdmMm eoir`m CnmXZmda ^md AgVmo. `m_wio
EH$Xm MmJbo AmZwd{ eH$ JwU Agbobr H$aS>o O_`mZVa Vo JwU
`jmV {Xg`mgmR>r AZwH$y b dmVmdaU nwadUo eoirnmbH$m`m
hmVmV AgVo. `m_ò C{MV Amhma, {Zdmam, gJmonZ Am{U
amoJ{ZÙ Cnm` `mMm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
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15
nXmergmR>r eo`mMr IaoXr

eoirnmbZ Z`mZo gw$ H$aVmZm eo`m d ~moH$S> `mMr
IaoXr Amd`H$ Ag`mg IaoXr H$aVmZm nwT>rb ~m~tMo nmbZ
hmoUo Amd`H$ Amho
e`Vmo ~mOmamVyZ IaoXr Q>mimdr. H$maU VoWo AmUbo`m
~hwVHo $ eo`m nXmergmR>r {Zn`moJr AgVmV.
OmV qH$_V mdr bmJbr Var eoirnmbH$mH$Sy>ZM eo`m
d ~moH$S> `mMr IaoXr H$amdr.
EH$ Vo VrZ dfm`m Xa`mZ`m eo`m IaoXr H$am`mV.
Amn`m ^mJmV {Q>H$Um`m OmVr`mM eo`m `m`mV.
nmdgm`mV IaoXr H$$ Zò. H$maU Vohm amoJamBMr ^rVr
AgVo. IaoXrgmR>r {hdmim MmJbm.
IaoXrZVa Xya`m AVamda eo`mMr dmhVyH$ H$am`Mr
Ag`mg JmÛ eo`m KoUo Q>mimdo. H$maU dmhVwH$s`m
VmUm_wio J^nmV hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
eo`m IaoXrZVa n{h`m dfu eo`m d H$aS>m_
ò
H$Xm{MV _aVyH$ OmV Agob. doJdoJio hdm_mZ, Mmam,
`dWmnZ `m_i
w o ho KSy> eH$Vo. Xwg`m dfmnmgyZ _aVyH$
_`m{XV amhrb.
`m H$inmVyZ nXmerMm ~moH$S> `m`Mm Amho `m
H$inmVrb Vmo gdmV OmV dOZmMm Agmdm. `mMm Xoh
gai, nm` _O~yV d N>mVr X Agmdr. _mZ Am{U
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16
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Immda amR> Ho$g AgmdoV. ho Ho$g MmJ`m nXmgj_VoMo

bjU _mZbo OmVo.
eo`mMr H$mg ârd Agmdr, bm|~Vr Agy Zò. `mda
XmoZnojm A{YH$ gS>o Agy ZòV. {VMm d^md emV
Agmdm. {Vbm CnOV _mV_o Agmdo. {VMo XyY CnmXZ
MmJbo Agmdo.
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17
nXmerMm hJm_
eo`m d ~moH$S> gmYmaU Xhm _{h`mMo Pmbo Am{U `mMo
dOZ drg {H$bmonj
o m OmV Pmbo hUOo `mMo nXmerMo H$m`
gw$ hmoV.o `mZVa eoir Xa 19 Vo 21 {Xdgm`m AVamZo
_mOmda òV.o eoir dfâmV Ho$hmhr \$iy eH$Vo. Var OmV
H$$Z R>am{dH$ AZwH$y b hJm_mVM eo`m JmÛ amhVmV.
nXmerMo d {d`mMo VrZ _w` hJm_ Amn`mH$S>o AmhoV
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hJm_
_mO ò`mMm
H$mbmdYr
{d`mMm
H$mbmdYr
eoH$S>m
_mU
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Chmim _mM-E{b
AmJQ>-gQ>|~a 15 Vo 20
nmdgmim OyZ-Owb
Zmoh|~a-{S>g|~a 60 Vo 80
{hdmim AmQ>mo~a-Zmoh|~a _mM-E{b
15 Vo 25
Amn`mbm hdo Vohm Am{U dmVmdaU AZwH$y b Agob
VohmM nXmerMm H$m`H$ _ am~dmdm. eo`m d ~moH$S> `mZm
Zoh_rgmR>r doJdoJio R>do mdo. \$V eo`m _mOmda AgVrb
VohmM ~moH$S>mbm H$inmV gmoS>mdm. nXmerMm H$mi gmYmaU
Mmirg {XdgmMm Agmdm (XmoZ _mO + H$mhr {Xdg).
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18
H$inmVyZ H$_r H$aUo

Xadfu nXmerMm hJm_ gw$ hmo`mAJmoXa nXmergmR>r
{Zn`moJr Agbo`m OZmdamZm H$inmVyZ H$_r H$aUo JaOoMo
AgVo. Imbrb Xmof Agbo`m eo`m, H$aS>o `mZm H$inmVyZ
H$_r H$amdo
dfâ _mOmda Z Ambo`m eo`m
AeV, dmT> IwQ
>bo `m, H$_r H$aS>o XoUm`m eo`m
XrKH$mi AmOmar Agbo`m eo`m
nmM doVo nyU Ho$bo`m d gmV dfmdarb eo`m
gbJ VrZ df} nXmergmR>r dmnabobo ~moH$S>
nXmergmR>r ZH$mo Agbobr gd Za d _mXr H$aS>.o
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19
eo`mMo OZZ
earamMo ~hVHo $ H$m` O_mnmgyZM gw$ hmoV.o OZZmMo
H$m` _m VU d`mV gw$ hmoVo Am{U CVma d`mV _XmdVo.
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b{JH$ n[andVoMo d`
VU Za
`m d`mV VU H$aS>o _mmZm \$id`mg gj_ hmoVmV
Vohm `mZm b{JH$ n[andVm Ambr Ago g_O`mV òV.o
d`m~amo~aM `m doiMo dOZhr _hdmMo Amho. gmYmaU Xhm Vo
~mam _{hZo d`mMo Pm`mda Am{U nMdrg {H$bmo dOZ
Pm`mda VU ZamZm b{JH$ n[andVm òV.o
VU _mm
VU eo`m W_ _mOmda Ho$hm òVmV hr ~m~ `mMr
OmV, Amhma Am{U n[and Zamer OdirH$ `mda Adb~Zy
AgVo. VU _mm gmYmaU gmV _{h`m`m Pm`mda Am{U
dOZ nYam Vo drg {H$bmo Pm`mda W_ _mOmda òVmV.
`mZVa gVam Vo Vodrg {Xdgm`m AVamZo _mOmda òV amhVmV.
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eoirbm Ho$hm \$idmdr
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H$inmVrb eo`mnmgyZ ~moH$S>mbm Zoh_r doJio R>do mdo.

eo`m \$idVmZmM ~moH$S>mbm `m`m H$inmV gmoS>mdo. eoir
gH$mir _mOmda Ambr Agob Va {Vbm g`mH$mir \$idmdr.
20
g`mH$mir _mOmda Ambr Agob Va Xwg`m {Xder gH$mir

{Vbm \$idmdr. AemZo JmÛ amh`mMo _mU dmT>b
o .
VU eo`m n{h`mXm \$idVmZm `mMo n{hbo XmoZ-VrZ
_mO gmoS>y Z mdoV. H$maU `m doig
o OZZ|{`mMr dmT> Anwar
AgVo. gmYmaUnUo eoirMo d` EH$ df Pm`mda {Vbm
\$idmdo. d`m~amo~aM dOZhr _hdmMo Amho.
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nXmer`m ~moH$S>mM
o gJmonZ
nXmer`m hJm_mAJmoXa ~moH$S>mM
o Amamo` Am{U emar[aH$
pWVr Cm_ Agmdr. OVmMo AmfY nmOmdo. bgrH$aU AmYrM
H$$Z `mdo. gw_mao Mma AmR>dS>o AmYrnmgyZ ~moH$S>mZ m Zoh_r`m
Amhmam{edm` XaamoO 300 Vo 500 J_ OmV IwamH$ mdm.
OmVrMm IwamH$ hJm_ gnno `V Mmby R>do mdm.
{H$Vr eo`m_mJo EH$ ~moH$S> nXmergmR>r R>do bm `mda nXmerMo
\${bV R>aVo. `mMo gamgar n[a_mU Imbrb_mUo Agmdo.
{H$Vr eo`mgmR>r EH$ ~moH$S> dmnamdm
EH$ df d`mMm VU ~moH$S> Ag`mg 20 eo`m
EH$ Vo XmoZ df} d`mMm ~moH$S> Ag`mg 35 eo`m
XmoZ dfmdarb ~moH$S> Ag`mg 40 eo`m
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nXmer`m eo`mMr {ZJm
nXmergmR>r {ZdS>bo `m hJm_mVM OmVrVOmV eo`m

\$im`mV `mgmR>r `mMo Amamo` Am{U emar[aH$ pWVr Cm_
21
Agmdr. hJm_mAmYrM OVmMo AmfY mdo. VgoM bgrH$aU

H$$Z `mdo. hJm_m`m AmYrnmgyZ gH$g daUrMm _w~bH$
nwadR>m H$amdm. OmVrVOmV eo`m EH$mM hJm_mV _mOmda
`m`mV `mgmR>r `mZm OmXm IwamH$ XoUo Cn`moJr R>aVo. `mMr
nV Aer Agmdr
òH$ eoirbm XaamoO 300 J_ _H$m mdm. hm _H$m
amâ EH$ Q>$m `w[a`mmdUmV (1 ^mJ `w[a`m + 99 ^mJ
nmUr) {ÔdyZ R>do mdm. Xwg`m {Xder gH$mir Im`mg mdm.
nXmerMm hJm_ gw$ hmo`mnydu EH$ AmR>dS>m hm IwamH$ Xo`mg
gwdmV H$amdr. gmYmaU 40 {Xdg hm IwamH$ gVV mdm.
`m_wio eo`m _mOmda ò`mMo _mU Am{U Owir H$aS>o Xo`mMo
_mU dmT>V.o
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JmÛH$mi Am{U JmÛ eo`mMr {ZJm

eo`mMm JmÛH$mi gamgar 150 {XdgmMm (5 _{hZo)
AgVmo. JmÛH$mim`m eodQ>`m XrS> _{h`mV J^mMr dmT>
PnmQ>mZo hmoV.o `m H$mimVM 70 Q>$o dmT> hmoV AgVo. geV
H$aS>o O_mdrV, eoirbm XyY nwag
o o Agmdo `mgmR>r eodQ>`m XrS>
_{h`mV eo`mZm A{YH$ IwamH$ XoUo JaOoMo Amho. `mMo _mU
XaamoO 250-300 J_ Agmdo. eoir {d`m`m EH$ AmR>dS>m
AmYr {ha`m daUrMo _mU H$_r H$$Z dmibobr gH$g daU
mdr. eodQ>`m AmR>dS>mV JmÛ eo`mZm Ma`mg gmoS>y Zò.
`mZm H$inmV Z R>do Vm doJio R>do mdo.
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22
{dVmZm `md`mMr H$miOr

òH$ eoir {d`mMr AXmOo VmarI {bhZ R>do mdr. hr
VmarI Odi òBb
Vgo {V`mH$S>o Img bj mdo. {d`m`m
OmJoV H$sQ>H$ZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr H$$Z `mda gwH$o JdV ng$Z
R>odmdo.
~hVHo $ eo`mZm {dVmZm H$moUVrhr _XV bmJV Zmhr.
Varhr eoir AS>`mg newd
mMr _XV `mdr. JmdR>r
_mUgmH$Sy>Z AS>bb
o r eoir gmoS>{d`mMm `Z H$$ Zò. Vo
Ymo`mMo AgVo.
dma nS>Uo
eoir `m``mZVa XmoZ Vo Mma VmgmV dma AmnmoAmn
nS>V.o eoir AeV Ag`mg, J^me`mg gyO Am`mg,
Jm^S>`mg AWdm n{h`m doVmV dma nS>`mg doi bmJVmo
Aem doig
o dma AmoT>y Z H$mT>`mMm _wirM `Z H$$ Zò. d[aV
newd
mMr _XV `mdr.
gyVrZVaMm _mO
dma nS>`mZVa J^me` _yi AmH$ma Ko`mg gwdmV
hmoV.o nwT>rb _mO gw$ hmo`mgmR>r bdH$amV bdH$a ho KS>Uo
_hdmMo AgVo. {ZamoJr eoirbm `mgmR>r 20-40 {Xdg
bmJVmV. `mgmR>r eoirbm `m``mZVa MmJ`m VrMm nwag
o m
Amhma {_iUo Amd`H$ Amho.
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23
CnmXH$ Am`w`
eo`mMo gamgar Am`w` Xhm Vo ~mam df} AgVo. _m `m
gamgar gmV df} d`mn`V MmJbo CnmXZ XoD$ eH$VmV.
~moH$S>mbm ghm df} d`mn`V nXmergmR>r dmnamdm.
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24
H$aS>mMo gJmonZ
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eoirnmbZmV H$aS>mM
o gJmonZ A{Ve` _hdmMr d
O~m~XmarMr ~m~ Amho. Iao Va eoirnmbZmMo è H$aS>m `m
gJmonZmVM Amho. ZrQ> gJmonZmA^mdr H$aS>mM
r _aVyH$ dmT>V.o
H$aS>mgmR>r {Zdmam
{Zdm`m_ò A{V WS> dmam d nmD$g `mMr ~mYm A{O~mV
hmoVm H$m_m Zò. `mgmR>r Mmar ~mOyZ r nmoVr, MQ>`m, no, B`mXr
`m hJm_mV bmdmdo. VgoM Chm`mV Vr OmJm nwae
o r WS>
amImdr. hdm IoiVr amhmdr. gH$miMo H$moaS>o D$Z H$aS>mZ m
{hVH$maH$ AgVo.
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25
O_`m~amo~a `md`mMr H$miOr

ZdOmV H$aS>m `m ~|~rbm VwQ>bb
o r Zmi bm|~V AgVo. Vr
Zmi ~|~rnmgyZ XmoZ g|Q>r_rQ>a gmoS>y Z Cabobr H$mnyZ Q>mH$mdr.
Zmirbm Xmo`mZo ~mYZy qQ>Ma Am`mo{S>Z_ò ~wMH$imdr. nwT>o
XmoZ {Xdg VoM AmfY bmdmdo. O_`m~amo~a H$aS>m`m
Vm|S>mVrb d ZmH$mVrb md H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdm. H$mnS>mZo AJ nwgZy
H$moaS>o H$amdo. H$aS>mbm eoirg_moa MmQ>`mg R>do mdo. H$aS>mbm
MmQ>`mZo eoirMo _mVd dmT>`mg _XV hmoV.o bJoM H$aS>mMo
O_m`m doiMo dOZ `mdo.
H$aS>mbm AmBMo XyY {n`mg gmoS>`mAmYr eoirMr H$mg
dN> Ywdmdr. H$maU, amoJm`m OVM
y r dmT> hmo`mMo ho _wI
{R>H$mU Amho. XwYm`m n{h`m Mma-nmM Ymam_ò amoJOVy
_moR>m _mUmV AgVmV. hUyZ `m {niyZ Q>mH$m`mV.
{MH$mMo XyY nmOUo
H$aS>o O_`mZVa H$mhr {_{ZQ>mV M Cô amh`mg Am{U
Mmb`mg YS>nS>VmV. WmoS>r eVr Ambr H$s Vr AmB`m
H$mgoH$S>o diVmV. H$aS>mZ m O_`mZVa A`m VmgmVM {MH$mMo
XyY {_iUo A{Ve` Amd`H$ Amho. `mVyZ H$aS>mbm
amoJ{VH$maH$ eVr {_iVo. VgoM ZdOmV H$aS>mbm Amd`H$
AgUmao gJio AKQ>H$ {_iVmV. H$aS>m`m AmVS>mV gmR>bb
o r
KmU H$mTy>Z Q>mH$`mgmR>r aoMH$ KQ>H$hr `mV AgVmo.
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26
EImm eoirbm {MH$mMo XyY H$_r Agob AWdm _wirM

Zgob Va Xwg`m ZwH$`mM `m`bo`m eoirbm Y$Z nmOmdo.
H$aS>mZ m nmUr d Amhma
nmUr
nmUr ho amoJ ngad`mMo _wI gmYZ Amho. hUyZ
H$aS>mZ m Zoh_r VmOo, dN> nmUr {n`mg R>do mdo. dmadma nmUr
~Xbmdo. nm`m`m ^mS>mV H$aS>o nm` KmbyZ KmU H$$ Zò
`mgmR>r ^mS>mMr `mo` `dWm Agmdr.
Amhma
bhmZ H$aS>o 15 {XdgmMr Pm`mZVa nmbm Im`mg
gwdmV H$aVmV. `mMr gd` bmd`mgmR>r JmoR>mV gw~m^yi,
eodJm, hXJm, dJao PmS>m `m \$mm CMmda XmoZ-VrZ {R>H$mUr
Q>mJ Zy R>do m`mV. nmbm Im`mg gwdmV Ho$`mZVa nMZ{H$`m
gw$ hmo`mg _XV hmoV.o \$mmMo _mU H$aS>mM
o d` dmT>b
o Vgo
dmT>drV OmUo. EH$ AmR>dS>mZVa H$aS>mbm AmBnmgyZ doJio
H$$Z {XdgmVyZ Mma doim XyY {n`mgmR>r AmBnmer gmoS>mdo.
{Vg`m d Mm`m AmR>dS>mV AgoM {XdgmVyZ VrZ doim
gmoS>mdo. `mZVa Xhm Vo ~mam AmR>dS>o d`mn`V H$aS>mZ m
{XdgmVyZ XmoZM doim XyY {n`mgmR>r gmoS>bo Var MmbVo.
H$aS>mM
r dmT> doJmZo hmdr `mgmR>r `mZm gH$g IwamH$
(Jmoirn|S>) Xo`mg gw$ H$amdo. hm IwamH$ {Vg`m AmR>dS>mV
XaamoO 50 J_ , Mm`m AmR>dS>mV 100 J_ , Am{U ghm`m
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27
AmR>dS>mnmgyZ XaamoO 150 J_ `m_mUo dmT>drV Omdo.

`m_ò ~marH$ Ho$bobo bgyUKmg, eodar, gw~m^yi, dJaM
| m
nmbm {_gimdm. `m_wio IwamH$mMo gd dmT>b
o . `mM~amo~a
H$aS>mZ m jma nXmWhr {_iV amhmdoV `mgmR>r ~mOmamV {_iUmao
jma`wV MmQ>U Zoh_r Q>mJ Zy R>do mdo. ho MmQ>U H$aS>o
Amd`H$VoZg
w ma MmQ>V amhVrb.
XyY VmoS>Uo
H$aS>o VrZ _{h`mMr hmoBn `V AmdS>rZo nwag
o m Mmam d
IwamH$ ImD$ bmJVmV. `m d`mbm `mMo XyY hiyhiy VmoS>`mV
`mdo. XyYVwQ>rZVa H$aS>mM
o dOZ KQ>`mMr e`Vm AgVo. hUyZ
`m H$mimV `m`m gH$g IwamH$mMo _mU dmT>dmdo. XyYVwQ>rZVa
Za d _mXr-H$aS>o doJdoJir R>do mdr. H$maU Za-H$aS>o XmS>JQ>
Ag`mZo _mmZm T>H$byZ `mMho r Im gndVmV. `m H$aS>mZ m
H$inm~amo~a Mam`bm Zo`mg haH$V Zmhr. _m gH$mig`mH$mi `mZm IwamH$m~amo~a {hadm Mmam ImVrb {VVH$m
nwadmdm. XyYVwQ>rZVa gd H$aS>mZ m OV{V~YH$ AmfY nmOmdo.
H$aS>m `m _aVwH$sMr H$maUo d Cnm`
H$aS>m_ Yrb _aVyH$ ho eoirnmbZ `dgm`mVrb VmoQ>mMo
_wI H$maU Amho. geV H$aS>o hUOo Cm_ gJmonZmMo bjU
hmo`. geV H$aS>o ghgm amoJmbm ~ir nS>V ZmhrV. ~hVme
_aVyH$ O_mZVa EH$ _{h`mVM hmoV.o VgoM XyYVwQ>rZVahr _aVyH$
dmT>V.o H$aS>m `m _aVwH$sMr _hdmMr H$maUo nwT>rb_mUo AmhoV
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28
O_m`m doiMo dOZ H$_r AgUo.

{MH$mMo XyY doido a Z {_iUo Am{U H$_r {_iUo AWdm
A{O~mV Z {_iUo.
A{VWS> dmam qH$dm A{VCUVoMm ^md.
H$_r OmJoV j_Vonj
o m A{YH$ H$aS>o JXu H$$Z R>do Uo.
AmhmamMr H$_VaVm, XwYmMr H$_VaVm.
H$m|XQ> dmVmdaU, IoiVr hdm ZgUo.
H$aS>m `m {Zdm`mVrb A{YH$ X_Q>nUm, AmobganUm.
{Zdm`mVrb AdN>Vm.
{MH$mMo XyY Z {_im`m_wio _mVoH$Sy>Z amoJ{VH$maeVr Z {_iUo.
AmOmar H$aS>m~ amo~a gVV gnH$.
nmoQ>mVrb OVmMr d AJmda JmoMrS>, Cdm B`mXr
H$sQ>H$mMr bmJU.
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darb H$maUmMm n[aUm_ hUOo H$aS>mM

m dOZdmT>rMm doJ
_XmdVmo, H$aS>o AeV ~ZVmV Am{U XJmdVmV. AeVnUm
òD$Z H$aS>o XJmdy Zò `mgmR>r nwT>rb_mUo Cnm``moOZm H$aUo
JaOoMo Amho
eoirbm
JmÛH$mim`m eodQ>`m XrS> _{h`mV
IwamH$mMo _mU dmT>dmdo.
H$aS>mZ
m `m`m dOZm`m Xhm Q>$o MrH$ d XyY {_iob
`mMr Imr H$amdr.
Zoh_r dN> d VmOo nmUr {n`mg mdo.
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29
O{_Zrda bmH$S>r \$bmQ> R>do Uo `mo`. `m_wio _b_y

H$aS>m `m AJmbm {MH$Q>Uma Zmhr.
AeV H$aS>m `m AJmda {ngdm, JmoMrS>, dJao bdH$a
dmT>VmV. `mgmR>r {Z`{_VnUo `mo` H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$
dmnamdrV.
H$aS>mZ m AmV{dfma `m amoJm{dMr bg 15 {Xdgm`m
AVamZo XmoZXm Q>mM
o Zy `mdr.
XaAmR>dS>mbm H$aS>mM
r dOZo KoD$Z dOZmMr Zm|X R>do mdr.
O_`mZVa EH$-XmoZ {XdgmV H$aS>m `m AmVS>mVrb
_i ~mhoa nS>Vmo. Vmo {MH$Q> Ag`m_wio d{MV H$aS>mMr
eonQ>r `mbm {MH$Qy>Z JwXma ~X hmoV.o `m_wio ZVa _i
~mhoa Q>mH$`mg H$aS>mbm \$ma mg hmoVmo. Aem doir
{MH$Q>bb
o m _i H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdm. ZVa Amn`m ~moQ>mbm
JmoS>Vo b
o bmdyZ `mZo H$aS>m`m JwXmam`m AmVyZ Mmoimdo.
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30
eo`mMm Amhma
eo`m`m AmhmamMo doJionU
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adW H$aUm`m BVa OZmdam`m _mZmZo eo`m

Amhmam~m~V A{YH$ MmoIX i AgVmV. eo`mZm Amhmam_ò
{d{dYVm Agmdr bmJVo. EH$mM H$maMm Mmam XrK H$mi nwadbm
Va eo`m Vmo Mmam ZmH$maVmV. `mZm AZoH$ H$ma`m
PmS>mPwS>nmMm nmbm Am{U H$mod`m \$mm A{YH$ AmdS>VmV.
{hadm nmbm {_imbm Zmhr Va eoVmVrb dmibobm nmbm d
JdVmdahr ^yH$ ^mJdVmV.
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Amhma {H$Vr mdm?
gd AKQ>H$ Amhmam_ò OZmdam`m {d{e> JaOoZg

w ma
nwae
o m _mUmV AgVrb Vohm `mbm gV{w bV Amhma hUVmV.
eo`m`m AmZwd{ eH$ j_VoZg
w ma CnmXZ {_id`mgmR>r `mZm
gV{w bV Amhma {_iUo Amd`H$ Amho. OZmdamZm m_w`mZo
nwT>rb d$nmV Amhma nwadbm OmVmo 1. XyY, 2. nmUr,
3. {hadm Mmam, 4. dmibobm Mmam, 5. jma, 6. OrdZgdo.
AmVm {d{dY d`moJQ>m_mUo H$aS>,o eo`m, ~moH$S> `mZm
darb Amhma {H$Vr mdm `mMr WmoS>`mV _m{hVr KoD$`m
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H$aS>o
O_mnmgyZ VrZ _{hZo H$aS>mZ m XwYmda nmogbo OmVo. Varhr
15 {XdgmZV a H$aS>o hiyhiy Mmam, nmbm d IwamH$ ImD$
bmJVmV.
VrZ _{hZo d`mn`V H$aS>mM
m Amhma
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H$aS>mMo
d`
({Xdg)
H$aS>mMo
dOZ
({H$bmo)
XyY
({_{b)
XyY {H$Vr
doim (EH$
{XdgmV)
{hadm
Mmam
(J_ )
IwamH$
(J_ )
1 Vo 7
8 Vo 30
31 Vo 60
61 Vo 90
1.5 Vo 3
3 Vo 6
6 Vo 9
9 Vo 12
300
350 Vo 500
400 Vo 600
200 Vo 400
AmB~amo~a
3 Vo 4
2
2
-_w~bH$
_w~bH$
_w~bH$
-50
100
200
srcpune.nic.in
H$aS>o VrZ _{h`mMr Pm`mda XyY XoUo ~X H$aVm òBb

.
H$maU Vmon`V Mmam, IwamH$ nwae
o m _mUmV ImV AgVmV.
XyYVwQ>rZVa H$aS>mM
o dOZ KQ>`mMr e`Vm AgVo. XyYVwQ>rZVa
H$aS>mZ m {H$Vr Amhma mdm `mMr _m{hVr nwT>o {Xbr Amho
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32
XyYVwQ>rZVaMm H$aS>mM
m amoOMm Amhma
H$aS>mMo
d`
(_{hZo)
H$aS>mMo
dOZ
({H$bmo)
gamgar
MamB
(Vmg)
{hadr d
dmibobr daU
({H$bmo)
IwamH$
(J_ )
ImVrb {VVHo$
(gamgar AYm Vo 1)
ImVrb {VVHo$
(gamgar AYm Vo 1)
ImVrb {VVHo$
(gamgar 1)
ImVrb {VVHo$
(gamgar 1)
ImVrb {VVHo$
(gamgar 2)
ImVrb {VVHo$
(gamgar 2)
200 Vo 250
MmWm
srcpune.nic.in
10 Vo 12
6 Vo 8
nmMdm
12 Vo 14
6 Vo 8
ghmdm
14 Vo 16
6 Vo 8
gmVdm
16 Vo 18
6 Vo 8
AmR>dm
18 Vo 20
6 Vo 8
Zddm
20 Vo 22
6 Vo 8
250 Vo 300
250 Vo 300
300 Vo 350
srcpune.nic.in
300 Vo 350
350 Vo 400
eo`m d ~moH$S> `mMm Amhma

eo`m d ~moH$S> `mZm XaamoO md`m`m AmhmamMo AmXe
_mU nwT>o {Xbo Amho
A) eo`m d ~moH$S> 24 Vmg R>mU~X AgVrb Va òH$s
AmhmamMo {ddaU
1. {hadm Mmam (bgyUKmg, ~agr_,
3 Vo 4 {H$bmo
dJao {nH${dbobm Mmam, PmS>mM
m
nmbm d \$mm, JdV)
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33
2. dmibobm Mmam (H$S>~m, JdV,

Vya, ^wB_ Jy , gmo`m, JhmMo
H$mS>, ^mVmMm n|T>m)
3. IwamH$
0.5 Vo 1 {H$.
srcpune.nic.in
250 Vo 300 J_
~) eo`m d ~moH$S> AeV R>mU~X AgVrb Va {V eoir d

~moH$S> `mZm md`m`m XaamoO`m AmhmamMo {ddaU
1.
2.
3.
4.
MamB
{hadm Mmam
dmibobm Mmam
IwamH$
6 Vo 8 Vmg
1.5 Vo 2 {H$bmo
250 J_
200 Vo 250 J_
srcpune.nic.in
nmD$g AWdm BVa H$maUm_i

w o EImm {Xder eo`m
Mam`bm Jo`m ZmhrV Va `m {Xder XwnQ> Mmam mdm.
H$) nXmerMo ~moH$S>
nXmer`m hJm_mV ~moH$S>mZ m A{YH$ l_ nS>VmV. hUyZ
`m H$mimV d EH$ _{hZm AJmoXa `mZm òH$s XaamoO 400
Vo 500 J_ IwamH$ mdm.
S>) JmÛ eo`m
JmÛ eo`mZm eodQ>Mo XrS> _{hZo JmÛ H$mimV OmV
Amhma mdm bmJVmo. H$maU `m H$mbmdYrVM J^mMr dmT>
PnmQ>mZo hmoV.o gd JmÛ eo`mZm doJio R>do mdo. hUOo `mZm
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34
OmXm Amhma nwadUo gmo`rMo hmoBb

. òH$ JmÛ eoirbm
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a bmdmdm.
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Vm|S>mV bon mdm.
XmoZ-VrZ {Xdg AmfYmonMma H$amdm bmJob. Im`mg
bwgbwerV {hadm Mmam, bmner mdr. J^ra gmWr`m amoJm_wio
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IwamH$m_ò `w[a`m {_gibm OmVmo. `mMo _mU OmV

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o `mV Jo`mZo.
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OVmMo H$ma
nmoQ>mVrb OV MaUm`m OZmdam_ò OmV _mUmV

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w o eoirnmbH$mMo _moR>o Am{WH$ ZwH$gmZ
hmoV.o Jmob OV, MnQ>o OV, nmZm`m AmH$mamMo OV ho _hdmMo
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H$ma AmhoV. ho OV eoirZo Imo`m Amda OJVmV. H$mhr

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OVmMr AmfYo nmdgmim gw$ hmoVmZm Am{U nwhm nmdgmim
gn`mZVa Ago {ZXmZ XmoZXm Var nmOUo JaOoMo Amho.
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`mMr _mm, {H$Vr doim mdo, dJao {ZpMV R>adyZ KoVm òBb
.
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gmWrMo amoJ
ho amoJ A{Vgy_ OrdmUy d {dfmUy_ i

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H$inmV d JmdmV PnmQ>mZo ngaVmV. ~hVHo $ gmWr`m
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amoJ {V~YH$ bgrH$aUmMm dm{fH$ H$m`H$ _

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1. Am{dfma
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XmoZXm
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4. \$mer AWdm
H$minwir
OmZodmar
Xadfu amoJ òV Agob Va
5. eo`mMr Xodr
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nrnrAma
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m`m g`mZwgma
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44

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