By

ENTROPY
REPORT 2

Mohamed Sabry Abd El Mageed

ThermoDynamic
Prof. Atef Elansari

(1) Determine the entropy change for an irreversible process

between states 1 and 2, should the integral 12 dQ/T be
performed along the actual process path or an imaginary
reversible path? Explain.
- The integral should be performed along a reversible path to
determine the entropy change.

(2) Is an isothermal process necessarily internally reversible?

Explain your answer with an example
- No, not necessarily. It can be irreversible. Example: A system
that involves paddle wheel work while losing an equivalent
amount of heat.

(3) How do the values of the integral 12 dQ/T compare for a

reversible and - - irreversible process between the same end
states ?
- The value of this integral is always larger for reversible
processes.

(4) The entropy of a hot baked potato decreases as it cools. Is

this a violation of the increase of entropy principle? Explain.

- No, because the entropy of the surrounding air increases even

further during the process, making the total entropy change
positive.

(5) Is it possible to create entropy? Is it possible to destroy it?

- It is possible to create entropy, but not possible to destroy it.

(6) A pistoncylinder device contains helium gas.

During a reversible, isothermal process, the entropy
of the helium will (never, sometimes, always)
increase.
- Sometimes.
(7) A pistoncylinder device contains nitrogen gas.
During a reversible, adiabatic process, the entropy
of the nitrogen will (never, sometimes, always)
increase.
- Never
(8) A pistoncylinder device contains superheated
steam. During an actual adiabatic process, the
entropy of the steam will (never, sometimes,
always) increase.
- Always

(9) The entropy of steam will (increase, decrease,

remain the same) as it flows through an actual
adiabatic turbine.
- Increase
(10)The entropy of the working fluid of the ideal
Carnot cycle (increases, decreases, remains the
same) during the isothermal heat addition process.
- Increase

(11) The entropy of the working fluid of the ideal

Carnot cycle (increases, decreases, remains the
same) during the isothermal heat rejection process.
- Decreases

(12) During a heat transfer process, the entropy of a

system (always, sometimes, never) increases.
- Sometimes

(13)Is it possible for the entropy change of a closed

system to be zero during an irreversible process?
Explain.
- Yes. This will happen when the system is losing
heat and the decrease in entropy as a result of this
heat loss is equal to the increase in entropy as a
result of irreversibilities.

(18.) In large compressors, the gas is frequently

cooled while being compressed to reduce the power
consumed by the compressor. Explain how cooling
the gas during a compression process reduces the
power consumption.
- The work associated with steady-flow devices is
proportional to the specific volume of the gas.
Cooling a gas during compression will reduce its
specific volume, and thus the power consumed by
the compressor.

(19) The turbines in steam power plants operate

essentially under adiabatic conditions. A plant
engineer suggests to end this practice. She proposes
to run cooling water through the outer surface of
the casing to cool the steam as it flows through the
turbine. This way, she reasons, the entropy of the
steam will decrease, the performance of the turbine
will improve, and as a result the work output of the
turbine will increase. How would you evaluate this
proposal ?
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- Cooling the steam as it expands in a turbine will

reduce its specific volume, and thus the work
output of the turbine. Therefore, this is not a good
proposal.
(20) It is well known that the power consumed by a
compressor can be reduced by cooling the gas
during compression. Inspired by this, somebody
proposes to cool the liquid as it flows through a
pump, in order to reduce the power consumption of
the pump. Would you support this proposal?
Explain.
- We would not support this proposal since the
steady-flow work input to the pump is proportional
to the specific volume of the liquid, and cooling
will not affect the specific volume of a liquid
significantly.

(21) On a T-s diagram, does the actual exit state

(state 2) of an adiabatic turbine have to be on the
right-hand side of the isentropic exit state
(state 2) ? Why ?
- Yes. Because the entropy of the fluid must
increase during an actual adiabatic process as a
result of irreversibilities. Therefore, the actual exit
state has to be on the right hand side of the
isentropic exit state.