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Introduction
y 0 1x1 2 x2 ... k xk
(1)
where:
i model parameters;
random effect;
y dependent variable (ship resistance here);
xi independent variables (in this case hull geometric parameters).
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Katarzyna elazny
Assumptions:
dependent variable y ship resistance on calm
water RT;
independent variables xi selected from among
parameters:
known already at the initial stages of ship
design;
used as arguments in the Holltrop-Mennens
method [1] (or possibly in that of Hollenbach
[2]);
on the basis of analyses presented in relevant
literature [3];
initially selected ship parameters LWL, B, T,
CB, CWP, V:
LWL ship length at waterline line;
B ships breadth;
T draught;
CB block coefficient;
CWP waterplane coefficient;
V ship speed;
max
min
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LWL
[m]
330
104
B
T CB CWP CP
V L/B
[m] [m] [] [] []
[m3] [m/s] []
60 18 0.88 0.91 0.87 288 000 8
7.2
18 7 0.73 0.83 0.74 9770
2
5.4
Scientific Journals 38(110)
A method of calculation of ship resistance on calm water useful at preliminary stages of ship design
The following general form of a model of approximating function has been accepted:
Exemplary resistance values have been calculated using Holtrop-Mennens method for a selected group of built ships on the basis of available ship
data. In this case it is necessary to know around 30
parameters describing ship geometry.
RT
a0 a1L3WL a2 B 2 ln(B) a3T 3
2
V
a4 (ln(CB ))2 a5 ln( )
(2)
(3)
N=
440
Intercept
L3
B2lnB
a0
0.098801
0.052435
T3
0.081885
lnCB2
0.015097
DlnD
1.113934
3.75096504 0.447197
a1 0.041288
a2
a3
a4
a5
0.042733
0.033475
8.38773 0.000000
1.22703 0.220478
(6)
(5)
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Katarzyna elazny
Fig. 1. Normal probability plot of residuals for a selected model of ship resistance
During verification of regression model, predicted value analysis is also helpful here. It allows
for detecting untypical values (outliers values) or
128
A method of calculation of ship resistance on calm water useful at preliminary stages of ship design
Table 3. Basic parameters of exemplary ships used for verification of a model
Parameter
Bulk carrier
M2
M3
M1
141.5
189.9
Ship
speed
[m/s]
M4
180.0
242.6
displacement [m3]
Ship speed V [m/s]
23.0
25.3
32.2
32.2
8.5
10.6
12.0
11.6
0.804 0.820 0.805 0.815
0.892 0.854 0.873 0.872
21 441 40 831 56 396 73 910
7.33
7.51
8.69
7.72
RT [kN]
M1
600
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Adjusted R2
Standard error
of estimate
approximation
exemplary calculations (H-M method)
400
RT [kN]
V [m/s]
M2
600
approximation
exemplary calculations (H-M method)
400
200
0
0
RT [kN]
600
approximation
metod H-M
pulication [1]
300
200
approximation
exemplary calculations (H-M method)
800
M1
400
V [m/s]
M3
RT [kN]
1.509
0
1
100
0
0
400
0
1
RT [kN]
V [m/s]
M4
1000
400
200
0
0
V [m/s]
V [m/s]
method H-M
publication [1]
approximation
V [m/s]
M3
1000
800
600
400
200
0
600
method H-M
publication [1]
approximation
apprximation
exemplary calculations (H-M method)
800
M2
500
400
300
200
100
0
200
0
M4
VE = 7.7
m/s
2.52%
7.32%
13.61%
18.17%
21.51%
23.00%
22.12%
Conclusions
200
Relative error
M2
M3
VE = 7.5 VE = 8.7
m/s
m/s
20.34%
12.87%
12.32%
4.42%
6.91%
1.04%
2.54%
5.62%
0.60%
9.19%
1.88%
10.89%
0.31%
9.11%
0.987
M1
VE = 7.3
m/s
15.55%
6.48%
1.86%
1.75%
2.67%
1.31%
12.09%
8 V [m/s] 10
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References
1. HOLTROP J., MENNEN G.G.J.: An Approximate Power Prediction Method. International Shipbuilding Progress, 29,
335, 1982, 166170.
2. HOLLENBACH K.U.: Estimating Resistance and Propulsion
for Single Screw and Twin Screw Ships. Ship Technology
Research 45/2, 1998.
3. ABRAMOWSKI T.: Elementy multidyscyplinarnej optymalizacji wskanikw techniczno-ekonomicznych we wstpnym projektowaniu wspbienym statkw transportowych. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego
Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, Szczecin
2011.
Other
7. PAWOWSKI Z.: Statystyka matematyczna. Pastwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa 1976.
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