Basics of Electrical Circuits

Mechatronics I

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Application of Ohms Law

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Mesh Current example

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Thevenin Examples

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Norton Equivalent Circuit

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Maximum Power Transfer
The load resistance that absorbs the maximum power from a
two-terminal circuit is equal to the Thvenin resistance.

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis

Circuit Analysis Using Phasors and Impedances

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

AC Power
Example

Simple model
An induction motor

Vrms=120 @60Hz

R=500 ohms
L=1.5 H

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

AC Power

Z = ZR + ZL
Z = R + j L

Z = 500 + j (2f )1.5

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

AC Power

P = Vrms I rms cos( )

PF = cos( )
= v i

Q = Vrms I rms sin( )

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

AC Power

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

AC Power

apparent power = Vrms I rms

2

P + Q = (Vrms I rms )
2

2
P = I rms
R
2
Q = I rms
X

P=

2
Rrms

V X2rms
Q=
X
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Basics of Electrical Circuits

THVENIN EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

THVENIN EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

THVENIN EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

THVENIN EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS

If the load can take on any
complex value, maximum power
transfer is attained for a load
impedance equal to the complex
conjugate of the Thvenin
impedance
If the load is required to be a
pure resistance, maximum
power transfer is attained for a
load resistance equal to the
magnitude of the Thvenin
impedance.
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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Filters

Transfer Functions
The transfer function H(f ) of the two-port filter is defined to
be the ratio of the phasor output voltage to the phasor input
voltage as a function of frequency:

Vout
H(f ) =
Vin
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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Filters

Transfer Function Properties

The magnitude of the transfer function shows how the
amplitude of each frequency component is affected by the
filter. Similarly, the phase of the transfer function shows
how the phase of each frequency component is affected
by the filter.

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Filters
Low pass filter

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Filters

Low Pass filters

1
fB =
2RC

1
H( f ) =
1 + j( f f B )

H(f ) =

1
2

1 + ( f fB )

f
H ( f ) = arctan
fB
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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Filters

DECIBELS

H ( f ) dB = 20 log H ( f )

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Basics of Electrical Circuits

Filters

Questions?

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