60

PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS

TABLE 4.2 SELECTED ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND SYMBOLS USED

IN PRESCRIPTIONS AND MEDICATION ORDERSa,b
ABBREVIATION
(LATIN ORIGINc )

ABBREVIATION
MEANING

Prescription Filling Directions

aa. or (ana)
ad (ad)
disp. (dispensatur)
div. (dividatur)
d.t.d. (dentur tales
doses)
ft (fiat)
M. (mice)
No. (numero)
non rep. or NR (non
repatatur)
q.s. (quantum
sufficit)
q.s. ad (quantum
sufficiat ad)
Sig. (Signa)

of each
up to; to make
dispense
divide
give of such doses
make
mix
number
do not repeat
a sufficient quantity
a sufficient quantity
to make
write (directions
on label)

Quantities and Measurement

BSA
cm3
f or fl (fluidus)
fl! or f!
flJss orfJss
g
gal
gtt (gutta)
lb (libra)
kg
L
m2 or M2
mcg
mEq
mg
mg/kg

mg/m2

mL
mL/h

mOsm or mOsmol
oz.

body surface area

cubic centimeter
or milliliter (mL)
fluid
fluid dram (!
teaspoonful, 5 mL)
half-fluidounce (!
tablespoonful, 15mL)
gram
gallon
drop
pound
kilogram
liter
square meter
microgram
milliequivalent
milligram
milligrams (of drug) per
kilogram (of body
weight)
milligrams (of drug) per
square meter (of body
surface area)
milliliter
milliliters (of drug
administered) per hour
(as through intravenous
administration)
milliosmoles
ounce

(LATIN ORIGINc )

MEANING

pt.
qt.
ss or ss (semissem
tbsp.
tsp.

pint
quart
one half
tablespoonful
teaspoonful

Signa/Patient Instructions
a.c. (ante cibos)
ad lib. (ad libitum)
admin
A.M. (ante
meridiem)
aq. (aqua)
ATC
b.i.d. (bis in die)
c or c (cum)
d (die)
dil. (dilutus)
et
h. or hr. (hora)
h.s. (hora somni)
i.c. (inter cibos)
min. (minutum)
m&n
N&V
noct. (nocte)
NPO (non per os)
p.c. (post cibos)
P.M. (post
meridiem)
p.o. (per os)
p.r.n. (pro re nata)
q (quaque)
qAM
q4h, q8h, etc.
q.i.d. (quarter
in die)
rep. (repetatur)
s (sine)
s.i.d. (semel in die)
s.o.s. (si opus sit)
stat. (statim)
t.i.d. (ter in die)
ut dict. (ut dictum)
wk.

before meals
at pleasure, freely
administer
morning
water
around the clock
twice a day
with
day
dilute
and
hour
at bedtime
between meals
minute
morning and night
nausea and vomiting
night
nothing by mouth
after meals
afternoon; evening
by mouth (orally)
as needed
every
every morning
every hours
four times a day
repeat
without
once a day
if there is need; as
needed
immediately
three times a day
as directed
week

Medications
APAP
ASA
AZT

acetaminophen
aspirin
zidovudine
(continued)

CHAPTER 4 INTERPRETATION OF PRESCRIPTIONS AND MEDICATION ORDERS

61

TABLE 4.2 Continued

ABBREVIATION

ABBREVIATION

(LATIN ORIGINc )

MEANING

(LATIN ORIGINc )

MEANING

EES

erythromycin
ethylsuccinate
hydrocortisone
hydrochlorothiazide
methotrexate
nitroglycerin

D5NS

dextrose 5% in normal
saline (0.9% sodium
chloride)
dextrose 5% in water
dextrose 10% in water
elixir
injection
normal saline
half-strength normal
saline
ointment

HC
HCTZ
MTX
NTG
Clinical
BM
BP
BS
CHD
CHF
GERD
GI
GFR
GU
HA
HBP
HRT
HT or HTN
IOP
MI
OA
Pt
SOB
TPN
URI
UTI

bowel movement
blood preasure
blood sugar
coronary heart disease
congestive heart failure
gastrointestinal reflux
disease
gastrointestinal
glomerular filtration rate
genitourinary
headache
high blood pressure
hormone replacement
therapy
hypertension
intraocular pressure
myocardial ischemia/
infarction
osteoarthritis
patient
shortness of breath
total parenteral nutrition
upper respiratory
infection
urinary tract infection

Dosage Forms/Vehicles
amp.
cap.
D5LR

ampul
capsule
dextrose 5% in lactated
Ringers

D5W
D10W
elix.
inj.
NS
1
2NS
oint or ungt.
(unguentum)
pulv. (pulvis)
RL, R/L or LR
sol. (solutio)
supp.
(suppositorium)
susp.
syr. (syrupus)
tab. (tabletta)

powder
Ringers Lactate or
Lactated Ringers
solution
suppository
suspension
syrup
tablet

Routes of Administration
CIVI
ID
IM
IT
IV
IVB
IV Drip
IVP
IVPB
NGT
p.o. or PO ( per os)
rect.
SL
SubQ
Top.
V or PV

continuous (24 hour)

intravenous infusion
intradermal
intramuscular
intrathecal
intravenous
intravenous bolus
intravenous infusion
intravenous push
intravenous piggy back
nasogastric tube
by mouth
rectal or rectum
sublingual
subcutaneously
topically
vaginally

The abbreviations set in boldface type are considered most likely to appear on prescriptions. It is suggested that
these be learned first.
b
In practice, periods and/or capital letters may or may not be used with the abbreviations. Some abbreviations,
acronyms, and symbols have medication-error risks associated with their use. Therefore, the Institute for Safe
Medication Practices (ISMP) and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) have
issued a list of items prohibited from use and others considered for prohibition (see text).9 These designated items
are not included in Table 4.2, with the exception of hs, subQ, AZT, and HCTZ, which are included for instructional
purpose due to their remaining use in practice.
c
Muldoon HC. Pharmaceutical Latin. 4th Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1952.